| Zankovetska, Maria ... Zardari, Asif Ali |
| | - Zankovetska, Maria
- (from the article "Ukraine") ...After a period of decline, a Ukrainian ethnographic theatre developed in the 19th century. Folk plays and vaudeville were raised to a high level of artistry by such actors as Mykola Sadovsky and Mariia Zankovetska in the late 19th and ...
- zanni
- stock servant character in the Italian improvisational theatre known as the commedia dell'arte. Zanni were valet buffoons, clowns, and knavish jacks-of-all-trades. All possessed common sense, intelligence, pride, and a love of practical jokes and intrigue; they were, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zannun, Banu
- (from the article "Dhu an-Nunid Dynasty") ...that ruled central Spain from Guadalajara and Talavera to Murcia during the unruly period of the party kingdoms (ta'ifahs). As early as the mid-8th century the Banu Zannun-their name was later Arabicized-had settled northeast of Toledo, where they became an ...
- Zanotti, Francesco
- (from the article "photochemical reaction") ...the phosphorescence is emitted at longer wavelengths than needed to excite the phosphor; for instance, blue phosphorescence follows UV excitation in diamonds. In addition, in 1728 Italian physicist Francesco Zanotti showed that phosphorescence keeps the same colour even when the ...
- Zansi
- (from the article "Ndebele") The short-lived Matabele state became stratified into a superior class (Zansi), composed of peoples of Nguni origin; an intermediate class (Enhla), comprising people of Sotho origin; and a lower class (Lozwi, or Holi), derived from the original inhabitants. Men of ...
- Zanstra, H.
- (from the article "nebula") ...of the central star's evolution. The temperature of the star can be estimated from the nebula from the amounts of emission of ionized helium and hydrogen by a method devised by the Dutch astronomer H. Zanstra. The amount of ionized-helium ...
- Zantedeschia aethiopica
- (from the article "calla") Among the calla lilies, all native to South Africa, the most important is the common florist's calla (Zantedeschia aethiopica), a stout herb with a fragrant white spathe and arrow-shaped leaves that spring from a thick rootstock. It is a popular ...
- Zanthoxylum
- the prickly ash genus of the rue family (Rutaceae), comprising about 200 species of aromatic trees and shrubs native to the middle latitudes of North America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. There are both deciduous and evergreen species. They ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zanuck, Darryl F.
- Hollywood producer and movie executive for more than 40 years and an innovator of many trends in film. [5 Related Articles]
- Zanuck, Lili Fini
- (from the article "1989: Best Picture") Other Nominees
- Zanuck, Richard D.
- (from the article "1989: Best Picture") Other Nominees
- Zanuso, Marco
- Italian architect and industrial designer (b. May 14, 1916, Milan, Italy-d. July 11, 2001, Milan), helped to revolutionize post-World War II furniture and appliance design, bringing innovative contemporary styling to mass-produced consumer products through his use of sculptural shapes, bright ...
- Zanussi, Krzysztof
- (from the article "Performing Arts") In Poland veteran Krzysztof Zanussi returned in top form with Persona non grata, a study of the complex world of career diplomats-in this case aging men with aching memories of Cold War years, politics, and personal lives. Among the best ...
- Zanzibar
- island in the Indian Ocean 22 miles (35 km) off the coast of east-central Africa. In 1964 Zanzibar, together with Pemba Island (q.v.) and some other smaller islands, joined with Tanganyika on the mainland to form the United Republic of ... [15 Related Articles]
- Zanzibar
- city and port of the island of Zanzibar, Tanzania. The island's principal port and commercial centre, it is on the western side of the island behind a well-protected natural deepwater harbour. In 1824 Sultan Sa'id ibn Sultan of Oman established ... [2 Related Articles]
- Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party
- (from the article "Tanzania") ...Ten seats were won by the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), representing mainly the African population; 10 by the Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP), representing mainly the Zanzibari Arabs; and 3 by the Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party (ZPPP), an offshoot of the ...
- Zanzibar copal
- (from the article "copal") ...at their roots or near the ground, is used in varnish manufacture in India and China but does not enter into European commerce. In the varnish trade, several varieties of soft Manila copal are used. Zanzibar copal, the principal commercial ...
- Zanzibar Nationalist Party
- (from the article "Tanzania") ...Further elections, held in June, were marked by serious rioting and heavy casualties. Ten seats were won by the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), representing mainly the African population; 10 by the Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP), representing mainly the Zanzibari Arabs; and ...
- Zanzibar Treaty
- (July 1, 1890), arrangement between Great Britain and Germany that defined their respective spheres of influence in eastern Africa and established German control of Helgoland, a North Sea island held by the British since 1814. The treaty was symptomatic of ...
- Zanzibar, Sultanate of
- (from the article "Al Bu Sa'id dynasty") Muslim dynasty of Oman, in southeastern Arabia (c. 1749 to the present), and of Zanzibar, in East Africa (c. 1749-1964).Central African historyCentral AfricaExploitation of ivory...and consuls. He also gained control ...
- Zanzotto, Andrea
- (from the article "Italian literature") ...members of the group dispersed, going off in different individual directions as their concerns became less public and more personal. Although his link to Gruppo 63 is tenuous, the above-mentioned Andrea Zanzotto shared their suspicion of the "language of the ...
- Zaozhuang
- city, southern Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. The city includes an extensive area on the western flank of the southwestern spur of the Shandong Hills, to the east of the Grand Canal, that contains one of the ...
- Zapadni Slovensko
- kraj (region), southwestern Slovakia. It is bordered on the northwest by the Czech Republic, on the southwest by Austria, on the southeast by Hungary, and on the northeast by Stredni Slovensko kraj. Plains formed by the Morava (March), Danube (Dunaj), ...
- Zapadocesky
- kraj (region), western Czech Republic. It is bordered by Germany on the north and west and by Severocesky, Stredocesky, and Jihocesky kraje on the east. It is surrounded by mountains on its external boundaries and contains a series of hilly ...
- Zapata Peninsula
- (from the article "Cuba") ...of a dilapidated oil refinery in the Cienfuegos area of Cuba. The refinery has the capacity to refine hundreds of thousands of barrels of the oil imported from Venezuela. Peat, concentrated in the Zapata Peninsula, is still the most extensive ...
- Zapata, Emiliano
- Mexican revolutionary, champion of agrarianism, who fought in guerrilla actions during and after the Mexican Revolution (1910-20). [6 Related Articles]
- Zapata, Luis
- Mexican novelist who rose to popularity in the 1970s with books about the youth subculture of Mexico City. His novels examine the connection between daily life and the popular culture of radio, television, and film.
- Zapatero, Jose Luis Rodriguez
- Spanish politician, who became prime minister of Spain in 2004. [9 Related Articles]
- Zapatista National Liberation Army
- (from the article "Fox, Vicente") ...Advocates for indigenous rights objected to amendments that required indigenous peoples to act in accordance with the constitution and that reduced their autonomy in some spheres. Leaders of the Zapatista National Liberation Army in Chiapas-who had made constitutional reform a ...
- Zapf, Hermann
- (from the article "calligraphy") ...taken over from technicians and engineers by lettering and calligraphic artists and scholars, including Stanley Morison, Jan van Krimpen, William Addison Dwiggins, Bruce Rogers, Frederic Goudy, and Hermann Zapf, who designed some of the best typefaces of the 20th century. ...
- Zapolska, Gabriela
- Polish novelist and playwright of the Naturalist school. [1 Related Articles]
- Zapopan
- city, north-central Jalisco estado (state), west-central Mexico. It lies in the temperate Guadalajara Valley at an elevation of 5,243 feet (1,598 m) above sea level, at the northwestern edge of Guadalajara, the state capital, of which it is a suburb. ...
- Zaporizhzhya
- city, southeastern Ukraine, on the Dnieper River just below its former rapids. In 1770 the fortress of Oleksandrivsk was established to ensure government control over the Zaporozhian Cossacks, whose headquarters were on nearby Khortytsya (Khortitsa) Island. The settlement became a ... [2 Related Articles]
- Zaporozhian Cossack
- (from the article "Zaporizhzhya") city, southeastern Ukraine, on the Dnieper River just below its former rapids. In 1770 the fortress of Oleksandrivsk was established to ensure government control over the Zaporozhian Cossacks, whose headquarters were on nearby Khortytsya (Khortitsa) Island. The settlement became a ...
- Zaporozhian Sich
- (from the article "Ukraine") ...a peculiarly democratic kind, with a general assembly (rada) as the supreme authority and elected officers, including the commander in chief, or hetman. Their centre was the Sich, an armed camp in the lands of the lower Dnieper "beyond the ...
- Zapotec
- Middle American Indian population living in eastern and southern Oaxaca in southern Mexico. [12 Related Articles]
- Zapotec language
- (from the article "Middle American Indian") The Oto-Manguean phylum includes the Oto-Pamean family (six surviving languages, one extinct); the Chinantecan family (one living language); the Zapotecan family (two surviving languages, one of which, Zapotec, is so diversified that its many dialects constitute mutually unintelligible languages); the ...
- Zapotecan languages
- (from the article "Mesoamerican Indian languages") The Zapotecan family was correctly identified by William Mechling in 1912, but only Francisco Belmar, a Mexican philologist, correctly recognized that Papabuco is a separate language, neither Zapotec nor Chatino (in 1905). Belmar, however, incorrectly included Chinantec within Zapotecan. The ...
- Zapotocky, Antonin
- political leader, cofounder of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and the native Czech leader who probably contributed most to the successful Communist coup of 1948. [2 Related Articles]
- Zapp, Walter
- Latvian-born inventor (b. Sept. 4, 1905, Riga, Latvia, Russian Empire-d. July 17, 2003, Binningen, Switz.), invented the Minox miniature camera. Essentially self-educated, Zapp invented a number of photographic improvements. In the early 1930s he conceived of the miniature camera, the ...
- Zappa, Frank
- American composer, guitarist, and satirist of the 1960s, '70s, and '80s. [3 Related Articles]
- Zappi, Gian Paolo
- (from the article "Fontana, Lavinia") ...paintings, and some of her most famous works are large altarpieces executed for the churches of her native city and, later, for those of Rome, where she went in 1603. She married the painter Gian Paolo Zappi, who was willing ...
- Zaqaziq, Az-
- city and capital of Ash-Sharqiyah muhafazah (governorate), Egypt, on the Nile River delta north-northeast of Cairo. The city dates from the 1820s, when cotton cultivation spread to the eastern delta. Located at the junction of two irrigation canals (Tur'at as-Suways ...
- Zara Yakob
- (from the article "Ethiopia") ...and a return to Biblical teachings-including observance of the Judaic Sabbath on Saturday in addition to the Sunday observance, an idea deeply held by the rural masses. The great emperor Zara Yakob (reigned 1434-68) conceded the latter point in 1450 ...
- Zara, Siege of
- (1202), a major episode of the Fourth Crusade; the first attack on a Christian city by a crusading army, it foreshadowed the same army's assault on Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, in 1203-04. Zara (modern Zadar, Croatia), a vassal city of ...
- Zaragoza
- provincia (province) in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Aragon, northeastern Spain. Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, it formed the old kingdom of Aragon. It extends north and south of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zaragoza
- city, capital of Zaragoza provincia (province), in central Aragon comunidad autonoma (autonomous community), northeastern Spain. It lies on the south bank of the Ebro River (there bridged). Toward the end of the 1st century ... [7 Related Articles]
- Zaramo
- a people who reside in the area surrounding Dar es-Salaam, Tanzania, and comprise the major ethnic component in the city. The Zaramo are considered to be part of the cluster of Swahili peoples on the coast of East Africa who ...
- Zarate
- city, northeastern Buenos Aires provincia (province), eastern Argentina. It is located on the Parana de las Palmas River, a channel of the lower Parana River delta emptying into the Rio de la Plata estuary northwest of Buenos ...
- Zard Kuh
- (from the article "Zagros Mountains") ...limestone and shale, the mountain range consists of numerous parallel ridges whose highest peaks rise above 12,000 feet (3,600 metres) and have permanent snow cover. The highest point in the range is Zard Kuh, located in the middle Zagros, which ...
- Zardari, Asif Ali
- president of Pakistan (2008- ) and de facto leader of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) following the assassination of his wife, former prime minister Benazir Bhutto, on Dec. 27, 2007. [5 Related Articles]
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