| | - Zouirat
- town, north-central Mauritania. It is the site of iron-mining operations, which account for a sizable portion of Mauritania's export earnings. It is connected by railway to the Atlantic port of Nouadhibou. Pop. (1988 prelim.) 25,892.
- Zoysia
- genus of creeping grasses of the family Poaceae, containing four or five perennial species native to southeastern Asia and New Zealand. They are excellent cover for flat, sandy, open areas.
- ZPG-3W
- (from the article "blimp") The U.S. Navy's ZPG-3W airship-403 feet (123 metres) long, 85 feet in diameter, with a capacity of more than 1,500,000 cubic feet (42,450 cubic metres)-was the world's largest nonrigid blimp. Four of them were commissioned in 1958. One exploded and ...
- ZPU-4 machine gun
- (from the article "small arm") ...recoil-operated and belt-fed and had a barrel that could be changed quickly. Later it was fielded on a variety of wheeled carriages and was known as the Zenitnaya Protivovozdushnaya Ustanovka. The ZPU-4, a four-barreled version towed on a trailer, shot ...
- Zrinyi, Miklos
- statesman, military leader, and author of the first epic poem in Hungarian literature. [2 Related Articles]
- Zrinyi, Peter
- (from the article "Wesselenyi Conspiracy") ...he provoked the opposition of many previously pro-Habsburg Hungarian Roman Catholic magnates, including the palatine administrator Ferenc Wesselenyi; the ban (governor) of Croatia, Peter Zrinyi; the chief justice of Hungary, Ferenc Nadasdy; and Ferenc Rakoczi. They formed a conspiracy to ...
- Zsigmond, Vilmos
- (from the article "1977: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Woody Allen and Marshall Brickman for Annie HallAdapted Screenplay: Alvin Sargent for JuliaCinematography: Vilmos Zsigmond for Close Encounters of the Third KindArt Direction: John Barry, Leslie Dilley, Norman Reynolds for Star WarsOriginal Score: John Williams for Star WarsOriginal ...
- Zsigmondy, Richard
- Austrian chemist who received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1925 for research on colloids, which consist of submicroscopic particles dispersed throughout another substance. He invented the ultramicroscope in the pursuit of his research.
- Zsitvatorok, Treaty of
- (from the article "Ahmed I") ...to suppress; he executed some of the viziers and exiled many palace dignitaries for bribery and intrigue; and he introduced a new regulation for the improvement of land administration. The peace of Zsitvatorok (1606) that he signed with Austria was ...
- ZSU-23-4 antiaircraft gun
- (from the article "artillery") ...sights, using television and thermal-imaging technology and allied to computers and powered mountings, led to a resurgence of this class of weapon. In Egyptian hands in October 1973, the Soviet ZSU-23-4, consisting of four 23-millimetre guns mounted on a tracked ...
- Zu
- (from the article "epigraphy") ...Old Babylonian and Assyrian versions. The story of Adapa, found in parts in the Tell el-Amarna archives and the library of Ashurbanipal, is similar to Gilgamesh's quest for immortality. The myth of Zu deals with the theft of the tables ...
- Zu Chongzhi
- Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and engineer who created the Daming calendar and found several close approximations for pi.
- Zu Gengzhi
- Chinese government official, mathematician, astronomer, and son of Zu Chongzhi (429-500).
- Zu'bi, Mahmud az-
- Syrian politician (b. 1938, Khirbat al-Ghazalah, Syria-d. May 21, 2000, near Damascus, Syria), was a loyal ally of Pres. Hafez al-Assad (q.v.) and served his country as speaker of the People's Assembly (1981-87) and as prime minister from November 1987 ...
- Zubarah, Al-
- (from the article "Qatar") ...villages. Qatar's modern history begins conventionally in 1766 with the migration to the peninsula of families from Kuwait, notably the Al Khalifah. Their settlement at the new town of Al-Zubarah grew into a small pearl-diving and trade centre. In 1783 ...
- Zubatov, Sergey Vasilyevich
- tsarist colonel of the Russian gendarmes known for his establishment of a system of surveillance to monitor the activities of revolutionary organizations. [2 Related Articles]
- Zubatovism
- (from the article "Zubatov, Sergey Vasilyevich") Between 1901 and 1903 Zubatov established the legal progovernment workers' organizations that were later given his name. His tactic is now referred to as Zubatovism, or Zubatovshchina. The aim of these organizations was to divert workers from social agitation by ...
- Zubaydah
- (from the article "Arabia, history of") ...maintained a policy of strict adherence to religious observance, and they too devoted large sums to supporting and embellishing the Holy Cities, to which they sent annually a pilgrim caravan. Zubaydah, wife of the caliph Harun ar-Rashid, celebrated for her ...
- Zubayr Pasha
- (from the article "Rabih az-Zubayr") Rabih was enslaved as a child and later enrolled in the military service of az-Zubayr Pasha, a Sudanese prince. Rabih was loyal and capable, and he rose to a position of command. When in 1878 az-Zubayr rebelled against the Egyptian ...
- Zubayr, Al-
- town, southeastern Iraq. Located just southeast of Lake al-Hammar at the terminus of a railway line to Baghdad, it has long been important in trade with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the south. Before the founding of Baghdad in 762, ...
- Zubayr, az-
- (from the article "Zubayr, Al-") ...in Iraq. The town stands on the original 7th-century site of Basra, now located 8 miles (13 km) to the northeast. At Al-Zubayr can still be seen the remains of the mosque dedicated to the memory of Zubayr, one of ...
- Zubiri, Xavier
- Spanish Christian Existential philosopher who was known for his analysis of reality in terms of the interrelations of philosophy, science, and religion.
- Zubkov, Aleksandr
- (from the article "Bobsleigh, Skeleton, and Luge") ...and four-man events. Canada's Pierre Lueders took the silver in the two-man event. In addition, Lueders won the overall World Cup two-man title and finished second overall in the four-man standings. Aleksandr Zubkov of Russia drove his team to the ...
- Zubkov, Viktor
- (from the article "Russia") ...(6,592,800 sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 141,378,000 | Capital: Moscow | Chief of state: President Vladimir Putin | Head of government: Prime Ministers Mikhail Fradkov and, from September 14, Viktor Zubkov |
- Zubkovskaya, Inna
- Russian ballerina and teacher (b. Nov. 29, 1923, Moscow, U.S.S.R.-d. Feb. 5, 2001, St. Petersburg, Russia), as a member of the Kirov (now Mariinsky) Ballet from 1941 to 1970, distinguished herself in most of the leading roles in the classic ...
- Zubrowka
- (from the article "vodka") Vodkas are sometimes flavoured. Zubrowka, yellowish in colour, highly aromatic, and with a somewhat bitter undertone, is produced by steeping several stalks of Zubrowka, or buffalo grass, in vodka. Other flavoured vodkas are made with such ingredients as lemon peel, ...
- Zuccarelli, Francesco
- Italian Rococo painter who influenced 18th-century English landscape painting.
- Zuccaro, Federico
- Italian painter and art theorist who became the central figure of the Roman Mannerist school and, after the death of Titian, possibly the best known painter in Europe. [4 Related Articles]
- Zuccaro, Palazzo
- (from the article "Zuccaro, Federico") ...theory of Mannerism in L'idea de' scultori, pittori e architetti (1607; "The Idea of Sculptors, Painters, and Architects") and in a series of frescoes in his own house in Rome (Palazzo Zuccaro). In 1593 he became the first president of ...
- Zuccaro, Taddeo
- Italian painter, leader (with his brother Federico Zuccaro) of the Roman Mannerist school of painting. [1 Related Articles]
- zucchetto
- small silk skullcap worn by Roman Catholic clergymen. Developed from the pileus (q.v.), a close-fitting, brimless hat commonly worn by the Romans, the zucchetto has probably been worn by ecclesiastics since the 13th century. It was worn under the mitre ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zucchi, Niccolo
- Italian astronomer who, in approximately 1616, designed one of the earliest reflecting telescopes, antedating those of James Gregory and Sir Isaac Newton. A professor at the Jesuit College in Rome, Zucchi developed an interest in astronomy from a meeting with ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zuckerberg, Mark
- [2 Related Articles]
- Zuckerman of Burnham Thorpe, Solly Zuckerman
- BARON, British scientist (b. May 30, 1904, Cape Town, South Africa--d. April 1, 1993, London, England), made an improbable transition from his beginnings as a research anatomist with the London Zoological Society (1928-32) to being a trusted scientific adviser ...
- Zuckerman, Benjamin
- (from the article "Ozma, Project") A second experiment, called Ozma II, was conducted at the same observatory by Benjamin Zuckerman and Patrick Palmer, who intermittently monitored more than 650 nearby stars for about four years (1973-76).
- Zuckerman, Yitzhak
- hero of Jewish resistance to the Nazis in World War II and one of the few survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
- Zuckmayer, Carl
- German playwright whose works deal critically with many of the problems engendered by two world wars.
- Zug
- smallest undivided canton of Switzerland, with an area of 92 sq mi (239 sq km), of which 12 sq mi are occupied by Lakes Zug and Ageri. Bounded by the cantons of Lucerne and Aargau on the west, Zurich on ... [2 Related Articles]
- Zug
- capital of Zug canton, north central Switzerland, on the northeastern shore of Lake Zug (Zugersee), at the foot of the Zugerberg (3,409 ft [1,039 m]), just south of Zurich. First mentioned in 1242 as a possession of the counts of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zug, Szymon Bogumil
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...interiors designed by Dominik Merlini and Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer in 1776-85. Merlini also designed the Lazienki Palace at Ujazdow near Warsaw (1775-93) for the king, while Szymon Bogumil Zug brought Neoclassicism to ecclesiastical architecture in his Lutheran Church, Warsaw (1777-81), ...
- zugot
- (from the article "Talmud and Midrash") At the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, a judicial body headed by the zugot-pairs of scholars-assumed Halakhic authority. There were five pairs in all, between c. 150 and 30 BCE. The first of the zugot also introduced the Mishnaic ...
- Zugspitze
- mountain on the border between Germany and Austria, the highest point (9,718 ft [2,962 m]) in Germany. Zugspitze is part of the Wettersteingebirge in the Bavarian Alps. The mountain is approached on the west by an aerial tramway (built 1924-26) ... [4 Related Articles]
- Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma
- one of the greatest of the Arab poets of pre-Islamic times, best known for his long ode in the Mu'allaqat collection. [4 Related Articles]
- zuhd
- (Arabic: "detachment"), in Islam, asceticism. Even though a Muslim is permitted to enjoy fully whatever unforbidden pleasure God bestows on him, Islam nevertheless encourages and praises those who shun luxury in favour of a simple and pious life. The Qur'an ... [1 Related Articles]
- zuhdiyyah
- (from the article "Arabic literature") ...among other categories, khamriyyat (wine poems), tardiyyat (hunt poems), zuhdiyyat (ascetic poems), and ghazal (love poems).Arabic literatureAscetic poetryThe ...
- Zuhuri
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...(this kind of descriptive historical poetry was practiced throughout Muslim India and also in Ottoman Turkey). Outside the Mughal environment, the lyrics and masnavis by Zuhuri (died 1615) at the court of Bijapur are charming and enjoyable. The heir apparent ...
- Zuid-Holland
- provincie, western Netherlands, bordering the North Sea and adjoining the provincies of Noord-Holland (north), Utrecht and Gelderland (east), and Noord-Brabant and Zeeland (south). Drained by the ramifications of the Lek, Waal, and Maas (Meuse) rivers, Zuid-Holland includes the islands and ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zuiderkerk
- (from the article "Keyser, Hendrick de") Appointed stonemason and sculptor of the city of Amsterdam in 1594, Keyser became municipal architect in 1612. Most of the buildings he designed were in Amsterdam, such as the Zuiderkerk (1606-14; "South Church"), the first Protestant church in the Netherlands; ...
- Zuiderzee
- former inlet of the North Sea. From the 13th to the 20th century, the Zuiderzee penetrated The Netherlands and occupied some 2,000 square miles (5,000 square km); it was separated from the North Sea by an arc of former sandflats ... [5 Related Articles]
- Zuiderzee floods
- two catastrophic seawall collapses along The Netherlands' coastline that caused major flooding of the former Zuiderzee (now IJsselmeer). The first, in 1287, caused more than 50,000 casualties, and the second, in 1421, killed up to 10,000 people.
- Zuiderzee project
- (from the article "IJsselmeer Polders") The Zuiderzee project, which involved the construction of a dam (Afsluitdijk; completed 1932) enclosing the IJsselmeer and the subsequent land reclamation of its rich marine clay, began in 1920, following the plans of engineer-statesman Cornelis Lely. The Wieringermeer Polder (75 ...
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