| | - Zacynthus
- island, southernmost and third largest of the Ionian Islands (q.v.) of Greece, lying off the west coast of the Peloponnese. Including the tiny Strotadhes Islands to the south, it constitutes the nomos (department) of Zakinthos. Zacynthus is indented by a ... [2 Related Articles]
- Zadar
- picturesque historical town in Croatia, the former capital of Dalmatia. It is located on the end of a low-lying peninsula that is separated by the Zadar Channel from the islands of Ugljan and Pasman. The inlet between the peninsula and ...
- Zadeh, Lotfi
- (from the article "fuzzy logic") Most concepts used in everyday language, such as "high temperature," "round face," or "aquatic animal," are not clearly defined. In 1965 Lotfi Zadeh, an engineering professor at the University of California at Berkeley, proposed a mathematical definition of those classes ...
- Zadick, Bill
- (from the article "Wrestling") ...team gold medal, followed by Iran (44 points). The U.S. was third with 35 points. Russia's five medalists included Khadzimurat Gatsalov, who won his third consecutive 96-kg title. The success of Bill (66-kg gold) and Mike (60-kg silver) Zadick marked ...
- Zadick, Mike
- (from the article "Wrestling") ...by Iran (44 points). The U.S. was third with 35 points. Russia's five medalists included Khadzimurat Gatsalov, who won his third consecutive 96-kg title. The success of Bill (66-kg gold) and Mike (60-kg silver) Zadick marked the first time an ...
- Zadkine, Ossip
- Russian-born French sculptor known for his dramatic Cubist-inspired sculptures of the human figure. [1 Related Articles]
- Zadok
- (from the article "cohen") Jewish priest, one who is a descendant of Zadok, founder of the priesthood of Jerusalem when the First Temple was built by Solomon (10th century BC) and through Zadok related to Aaron, the first Jewish priest, who was appointed to ...
- Zadokite
- (from the article "priesthood") ...the Priestly Code was drawn up, that the distinction between priests and Levites became absolute. The priesthood was confined exclusively to those claiming succession from Aaron, in spite of the Zadokites claiming priestly descent from Eleazar as an "everlasting covenant" ...
- Zadracarta
- (from the article "Alexander the Great") ...him "lord of Asia"-i.e., of the Persian Empire; soon afterward his Asian coins carry the title of king. Crossing the Elburz Mountains to the Caspian, he seized Zadracarta in Hyrcania and received the submission of a group of satraps and ...
- zadruga
- (from the article "Serbia") ...strong peasant patriarchal tradition that evolved under Ottoman domination and is still reflected in family and government structures. A distinctive feature is the zadruga, a corporate family group of 100 or more individuals that originally worked the ...
- Zaehner, R.C.
- British historian of religion who investigated the evolution of ethical systems and forms of mysticism, particularly in Eastern religions. [4 Related Articles]
- Zaentz, Saul
- (from the article "1984: Best Picture") Other NomineesOscar to "One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest" for best picture, 19751975: Best Picture Other NomineesOscar to "The English Patient" for best picture, 1996
- Zafar
- ancient Arabian site located southwest of Yarim in southern Yemen. It was the capital of the Himyarites, a tribe that ruled much of southern Arabia from about 115 BC to about AD 525. Up until the Persian conquest (c. AD ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zafindraminia
- (from the article "Madagascar") ...in existence among the Antanosy people of the region. It was ruled by a "Moorish king" and had an aristocracy with privileges deriving presumably from Islam. Their collective name was Zafindraminia, or "descendants of Raminia," the ultimate great ancestor.
- Zafrulla Khan, Sir Muhammad
- Pakistani politician, diplomat, and international jurist, known particularly for his representation of Pakistan at the United Nations (UN). [1 Related Articles]
- Zafy, Albert
- (from the article "Madagascar") ...slowly, and often to the benefit of those with political connections. Relations with the international financial institutions became even more difficult in the period immediately before and during Zafy's period in office. Aid had been suspended in 1991, and, unwilling ...
- Zagajewski, Adam
- In 2004 Polish poet, fiction writer, and essayist Adam Zagajewski-already the recipient of several notable literary honours, including the Swedish PEN's Kurt Tucholsky Prize, the Tomas Transtromer Prize (Vasteras, Swed.), and the Prix de la Liberte (France)-added the Neustadt International ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zaganos
- (from the article "Mehmed II") ...the Ottoman throne-succeeded in organizing a crusade. Edirne was the scene of violent rivalry between the powerful grand vizier Candarli Halil, on the one hand, and the viziers Zaganos and Sihabeddin, on the other, who claimed that they were protecting ...
- Zaghawa
- (from the article "Sudan, The") ...of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Another non-Arabized Muslim people is the Fur; these sedentary agriculturalists live in or near the Marra Mountains in the far west. North of the Fur are the Zaghawa, who are scattered in the border region ...
- Zaghlul, Sa'd
- Egyptian statesman and patriot, leader of the Wafd party and of the nationalist movement of 1918-19, which led Britain to give Egypt nominal independence in 1922. He was briefly prime minister in 1924. [6 Related Articles]
- Zaghouan
- town in northeastern Tunisia. It lies on the fertile northern slope of Mount Zaghwan (Zaghouan) at an elevation of 4,249 feet (1,295 metres). It is built on the ancient Roman site of Zigus. Parts of a Roman aqueduct and canal ...
- Zaghwan, Mount
- (from the article "Tunisia") ...in the northeast, south of the Gulf of Tunis. The highest mountain, Mount Chambi (Al-Sha'nabi), located near the centre of the Algerian border, rises to 5,066 feet (1,544 metres), while Mount Zaghwan (Zaghouan), about 30 miles (50 km) southwest of ...
- Zagnanado plateau
- (from the article "Benin") ...are to be found in the environs of Abomey, Ketou, Aplahoue (or Parahoue), and Zagnanado. The plateaus consist of clays on a crystalline base. The Abomey, Aplahoue, and Zagnanado plateaus are from 300 to 750 feet high, and the Ketou ...
- Zagorec, Vladimir
- (from the article "Croatia") ...from its war of national liberation during the 1990s, and the country's anticorruption strategy, spearheaded by Prime Minister Ivo Sanader, bore fruit during the year. In early March retired general Vladimir Zagorec was charged with having embezzled $5 million upon ...
- Zagorje Hills
- (from the article "Croatia") ...major geographic regions. In the north and northeast, running the full length of the upper arm of the Croatian crescent, are the Pannonian and para-Pannonian plains. To the north of Zagreb, the Zagorje Hills, fragments of the Julian Alps now ...
- Zagreb
- capital and chief city of Croatia. It is situated on the slopes of Medvednica Hill (Zagrebacka Gora) to the north and the floodplain of the Sava River to the south. [7 Related Articles]
- Zagreb Line
- (from the article "Tito, Josip Broz") ...organizer in Croatia and Serbia until 1927, when he joined the CPY committee for Zagreb, quickly becoming its organizational secretary. He promoted a campaign against party functions (the so-called Zagreb Line), thereby attracting the attention of Moscow. Rewarded by being ...
- Zagreb, University of
- (from the article "Selected universities and colleges of the world") ...and vocational schools, the emphasis on education led to the founding of universities in Rijeka in 1973, in Split in 1974, and in Osijek in 1975. The oldest university in Croatia is the University of Zagreb, which dates its beginnings ...
- Zagreus
- in Orphic myth, a divine child who was the son of Zeus (as a snake) and his daughter Persephone. Zeus intended to make Zagreus his heir and bestow on him unlimited power, but Hera out of jealousy urged the Titans ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zagros Mountains
- mountain range in southwestern Iran, extending northwest-southeast from the Sirvan (Diyala) River to Shiraz. The Zagros range is about 550 miles (900 km) long and more than 150 miles (240 km) wide. Situated mostly in what is now Iran, it ... [7 Related Articles]
- Zagwe Dynasty
- line of 12th- and 13th-century Ethiopian kings who combined a nomadic military life with an impassioned desire to build monuments to their Christian religion. Their tenuous pretensions to succession, based on a legendary marriage to a daughter of one of ... [2 Related Articles]
- Zaharias, Babe Didrikson
- American sportswoman, one of the greatest athletes of the 20th century, performing in basketball, track and field, and later golf. [1 Related Articles]
- Zaharoff, Sir Basil
- international armaments dealer and financier. Reputedly one of the richest men in the world, he was described as a "merchant of death" and the "mystery man of Europe."
- Zahawi, Jamil Sidqi az-
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...fiction: the emigrant who returns to his village. Iraqi modern literature is best represented by "the poet of freedom" Ma'ruf ar-Rusafi (died 1945), and Jamil Sidqi az-Zahawi (died 1936), whose satire "Rebellion in Hell" has incurred the wrath of the ...
- Zahedan
- city and capital of Sistan va Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran, near the borders of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is situated about 225 miles (360 km) southeast of Kerman in an arid zone, at an elevation of 4,435 feet (1,352 metres). ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zahedi, Fazlollah
- Iranian army officer and politician who was prime minister of Iran from 1953 to 1955.
- Zahid, Sheikh
- (from the article "Safi od-Din") ...he was influenced by Sufi (mystical) teachings. He then traveled to the province of Gilan (the Iranian Caspian province), where he spent 25 years as a murid (spiritual follower) of Sheikh Zahid, whose daughter Bibi Fatimah he married. The other ...
- Zahir Shah, Mohammad
- king of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973, who provided an era of stable government to his country. [3 Related Articles]
- Zahiriyah
- followers of an Islamic legal and theological school that insisted on strict adherence to the literal text (zahir) of the Qur'an and Hadith (sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad) as the only source of Muslim law. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zahiriyyah Madrasah, al-
- (from the article "Damascus") ...censor. Al-Assad National Library was inaugurated in 1984. Among other important materials, it contains the precious collection of manuscripts and rare books of Damascus's venerable public library, al-Zahiriyyah. The library associated with the University of Damascus is also significant.history of ...
- Zahlah
- city, central Lebanon. It lies on the eastern slopes of the Lebanon Mountains, at an elevation of 3,150 feet (960 metres) above sea level. An agricultural market centre for the broad Al-Biqa' Valley, it is also a popular summer resort ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zahn, Ernst
- Swiss writer, one of the contributors to the Heimatkunst ("homeland") movement-a literature striving for the reproduction of the life and atmosphere of the provinces. His realistic prose, though conventional, shows insight into the daily life of the Alpine people.
- Zahr, az-
- (from the article "Jifarah, al-") ...known in Libya as the Nafusah Plateau. In Tunisia this tableland sends out a long north-south spur that forms the western border of the coastal plain and is called az-Zahr, or Dahar (Arabic: "the back").
- Zahringen
- (from the article "Switzerland") ...emperors; however, the remoteness and the gradual decline of the imperial power allowed the rise of quasi-independent territories out of bailiwicks. This process enabled the feudal dynasties of the Zahringen, Savoy, Kyburg, and Habsburg families to concentrate rudimentary administrative and ...
- Zaian Amazigh
- (from the article "Khenifra") ...and lies along the banks of the Oum er-Rbia River at an elevation of about 3,280 feet (1,000 metres). The site was originally the wintering headquarters for the Ait Affi, a branch of the local Zaian (Amazigh [Berber]) nomads. In ...
- zaibatsu
- (Japanese: "wealthy clique"), any of the large capitalist enterprises of Japan before World War II, similar to cartels or trusts but usually organized around a single family. One zaibatsu might operate companies in nearly all important areas of economic activity. ... [5 Related Articles]
- Zaid ibn Shaker
- Jordanian military officer and government official (b. Sept. 4, 1934, Amman, Jordan-d. Aug. 30, 2002, Amman), held the top three appointed posts in his country-commander of the armed forces (1976-88), chief of the royal court (1988, 1989, and 1993), and ...
- Zaillian, Steven
- (from the article "1993: Other Winners") Original Screenplay: Jane Campion for The PianoAdapted Screenplay: Steven Zaillian for Schindler's ListCinematography: Janusz Kaminski for Schindler's ListArt Direction: Allan Starski for Schindler's ListOriginal Score: John Williams for Schindler's ListOriginal Song:...
- Zajaczek, Jozef
- (from the article "Poland") The post of viceroy did not go to Prince Czartoryski, by then estranged from Alexander, but went to a servile political nonentity, General Jozef Zajaczek. The tsar's brother Constantine, the brutal and neurotic grand duke, was made commander in chief. ...
- zajal
- (from the article "Islamic arts") ...however, it lost its original spontaneity and became as stereotyped as every other lyric form of expression during the later Middle Ages. Another strophic form developed in Spain is the songlike zajal (melody), interesting for its embodiment of dialect phrases ...
- zaju
- one of the major forms of Chinese drama. The style originated as a short variety play in North China during the Northern Song dynasty (960-1127), and during the Yuan dynasty (1206-1368) it developed into a mature four-act dramatic form, in ... [4 Related Articles]
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