| | - Zoji
- pass across the Himalayas in the Indian-held part of Jammu and Kashmir state, in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. Situated at an elevation of 11,580 feet (3,529 m), Zoji Pass carries the only road leading from the Vale ...
- zokor
- any of seven north Asian species of subterranean rodents. Zokors are molelike animals that have chunky cylindrical bodies with short powerful limbs. Their feet are large and robust, and the long front claws are self-sharpening and very strong. The tiny ...
- Zola, Emile
- French novelist, critic, and political activist who was the most prominent French novelist of the late 19th century. He was noted for his theories of naturalism, which underlie his monumental 20-novel series Les Rougon-Macquart, and for his ... [25 Related Articles]
- Zolkiewski, Stanislaw
- (from the article "Poland") ...support extended by some Polish magnates to the False Dmitry (who claimed to be the son of Ivan the Terrible) eventually embroiled Poland in hostilities. The victory at Klushino in 1610 by Hetman Stanislaw Zolkiewski resulted in a Polish occupation ...
- Zolkowski, Alojzy Fortunat
- actor, writer, translator, and head of a Polish theatrical family.
- Zolkowski, Alojzy Gonzaga
- (from the article "Zolkowski, Alojzy Fortunat") Three of Zolkowski's children went on the stage, the most notable being his son Alojzy Gonzaga Zolkowski (1814-89), a highly respected actor and opera singer who spent most of his career at the State Theatres of Warsaw; his rich baritone ...
- Zoll, Paul Maurice
- American cardiologist and medical researcher (b. July 15, 1911, Boston, Mass.-d. Jan. 5, 1999, Chestnut Hill, near Boston), conducted pioneering research that led to the development of the cardiac defibrillator, improved pacemakers, and continuous heart-rhythm monitoring devices. Following his graduation ...
- Zollinger, Albin
- poet and novelist, the leading figure in the revival of Swiss poetry between World Wars I and II.
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- (from the article "peptic ulcer") ...Zantac™, respectively) or with the proton pump inhibitors lansoprazole (Prevacid™) and omeprazole (Losec™ or Prilosec™). A small proportion of peptic ulcers results from the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, an uncommon disease associated with a tumour of the duodenum or pancreas that causes ...
- Zollner illusion
- (from the article "illusion") ...outward to create a false impression of length. The Poggendorff illusion depends on the steepness of the intersecting lines. As obliqueness is decreased, the illusion becomes less compelling. In the Zollner illusion, the cross-hatching disturbs the perception of parallel lines. ...
- Zollparlament
- (from the article "international trade") ...in which decisions were taken by an absolute majority. Prussia was entitled to 17 of the 58 votes and held the chair of the council. Legislative power lay with a "customs parliament" (Zollparlament) composed of deputies directly elected by popular ...
- Zollverein
- German customs union established in 1834 under Prussian leadership. It created a free-trade area throughout much of Germany and is often seen as an important step in German reunification. [4 Related Articles]
- Zolotas, Xenophon
- (from the article "Greece") ...euro1 billion (about $1.2 billion) to the final tab for the Games. Taking everybody by surprise, the Greek national association-football (soccer) team on July 4 won the European championship. Xenophon Zolotas, a former prime minister and governor of the Bank ...
- Zomba
- city, southern Malawi. It lies on the lower slopes of Zomba Mountain in the Shire Highlands, 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Blantyre. Established in 1885 as a planters' settlement, from 1891 it was the centre for the administration of ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zomba Massif
- isolated mass of syenite (igneous rock composed chiefly of feldspar) rising from the Shire Highlands, southern Malawi. Occupying an area of about 50 square miles (130 square km), it reaches an elevation of 6,846 feet (2,087 m) in Zomba Peak. ... [1 Related Articles]
- Zomba Plateau
- (from the article "Zomba Massif") ...to the surrounding plains, and the western wall (4,000 feet [1,200 m]) bounds part of the Shire rift valley. The massif is divided by the deep valley of the Domasi River into two sections-the Zomba Plateau (south) and Malosa Mountain ...
- zombi
- (from the article "witchcraft") This essential ambivalence is particularly evident in Haitian voodoo, where there is a sharp distinction between man-made evil magic powers, connected with zombies (beings identified as familiars of witches in the beliefs of some African cultures), and benevolent invisible spirits ...
- zombie computer
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...it shut down computer security software, which in turn allowed additional malicious code to be downloaded and personal information on the computer to be stolen. PCs also could be turned into "zombies" within a group of compromised computers called a ...
- Zona Central
- (from the article "Chile") ...subdivided. From north to south, with approximate boundaries, these are Norte Grande (extending to 27° S); the north-central region, Norte Chico (27° to 33° S); the central region, Zona Central (33° to 38° S); the south-central region, La Frontera and ...
- zona fasciculata
- (from the article "hormone") ...outer region (cortex) of the adrenal glands (considered below under Hormones of the adrenal glands). In mammals its action on the adrenal cortex is limited to areas called the zona reticularis and zona fasciculata, in which important steroid hormones (e.g., ...
- zona glomerulosa
- (from the article "adrenal gland") In adult humans the outer cortex comprises about 90 percent of each adrenal gland. It is composed of three structurally different concentric zones. From the outside in, they are the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. The zona glomerulosa ...
- zona reticularis
- (from the article "hormone") ...of part of the outer region (cortex) of the adrenal glands (considered below under Hormones of the adrenal glands). In mammals its action on the adrenal cortex is limited to areas called the zona reticularis and zona fasciculata, in which ...
- zonal cavity method
- (from the article "building construction") Mathematical models can accurately predict the performance of lighting in most applications. The zonal cavity method, which takes into account the lamps, fixtures, shape of room, and colours of room surfaces, is one example. The usual measure of light intensity ...
- zonal flow
- (from the article "Saturn") ...appearance. The surface that is seen through telescopes and in spacecraft images is actually a complex of cloud layers. Like the other giant planets, Saturn's atmospheric circulation is dominated by zonal (east-west) flow. This manifests itself as a pattern of ...
- zonal geranium
- (from the article "geranium") ...(P. × domesticum, largely derived from P. cucullatum, P. angulosum, and P. grandiflorum) have large pansylike flowers, few to the cluster. Zonal, house, or bedding geraniums (P. × hortorum, a complex hybrid largely derived from P. inguinans and P. zonale) ...
- zonal structure
- (from the article "igneous rock") These are arrangements of rock units with contrasting composition, or texture, in an igneous body, commonly in a broadly concentric pattern. Chilled margins, the fine-grained or glassy edges along the borders of many extrusive and shallow-seated intrusive bodies, represent quenching ...
- Zonaras, Joannes
- Byzantine historian whose world history, Historical Epitome, extending from the creation to 1118, provides valuable information on the 11th century. [1 Related Articles]
- zonation
- (from the article "plant") It is known from studies of plant residues and pollen preserved in the highly acid sediments of bogs and from observations of contemporary glaciers that the vegetation southward from the glacial front in the Northern Hemisphere was banded in much ...
- Zond
- any of a series of eight unmanned Soviet lunar and interplanetary probes. Zond 1 (launched April 1964) and Zond 2 (November 1964) were aimed at Venus and Mars respectively, but failed to send back data on the planets. Zond 3 ... [2 Related Articles]
- zonda
- winter foehn (q.v.; a warm, dry wind blowing down the side of a mountain) in Argentina, where it blows from the west across the Andes Mountains. [1 Related Articles]
- zone defense
- (from the article "basketball") ...change. Whereas pioneer coaches such as Henry Iba of Oklahoma A&M University (now Oklahoma State University) or Long Island University's Clair Bee taught strictly a man-to-man defense, the zone defense, developed by Cam Henderson of Marshall University in West Virginia, ...
- zone fare
- (from the article "mass transit") To make prices more equitable, some transit operators vary charges for different trips. Distance-based fares, proportional to the length of the trip, are a better reflection of the cost of service, and travelers tend to accept the idea that they ...
- zone melting
- any of a group of techniques used to purify an element or a compound or control its composition by melting a short region (i.e., zone) and causing this liquid zone to travel slowly through a relatively long ingot, or charge, ... [1 Related Articles]
- zone refining
- (from the article "zone melting") Zone refining is the most important of the zone-melting techniques. In zone refining, a solid is refined by passing a number of molten zones through it in one direction. Each zone carries a fraction of the impurities to the end ...
- zone system
- (from the article "Adams, Ansel") ...possibilities of photography in this and other ways. In the early part of the decade he codified the technical principles that he had long practiced into a pedagogical system he called the "zone system," which rationalized the relationship among exposure, ...
- zone-tailed hawk
- (from the article "aggressive mimicry") Aggressive mimicry in which the predator resembles a nonthreatening third party is exemplified by the American zone-tailed hawk, whose resemblance to certain nonaggressive vultures enables it to launch surprise attacks against small animals. In other examples, the aggressor may even ...
- zongdu
- (from the article "China") ...Finally, clusters of neighbouring provinces came under the supervisory control of still-more-prestigious central government officials, known as supreme commanders (zongdu), whose principal function was to coordinate military affairs in extended, multi-province areas. As the dynasty grew older, ...
- Zongo, Henri
- (from the article "Burkina Faso") ...as power became concentrated in the hands of a few military officers-the most important of which were Sankara, Captain Blaise Compaore, Major Jean-Baptiste Boukari Lingani, and Captain Henri Zongo. As popular support continued to decline, on October 15, 1987, a ...
- Zongo, Norbert
- (from the article "Burkina Faso") Citing lack of evidence, on July 19, 2006, prosecutors in Burkina Faso dropped all charges against Marcel Kafando, former head of the Presidential Guard, for the 1998 murder of journalist Norbert Zongo. Human rights groups and opposition parties reacted with ...
- Zongo, Tertius
- (from the article "Burkina Faso") ...sq mi) | Population (2007 est.): 14,326,000 | Capital: Ouagadougou | Chief of state: President Blaise Compaore | Head of government: Prime Ministers Paramanga Ernest Yonli and, from June 4, Tertius Zongo |
- Zonguldak
- (from the article "Zonguldak") ...of this coal industry after the mid-19th century. Mining was extensively developed by the government after 1940, and much of the city's workforce has remained engaged in work related to coal. The Zonguldak Technical School of Mining is in the ...
- Zonguldak
- city, capital of Zonguldak il (province), northwestern Turkey, on the Black Sea coast. The well-equipped port is the main outlet for coal extracted from the basin between Zonguldak and Eregli. The city's development and rapid rise in ...
- Zonheboto
- (from the article "Zonheboto") Zonheboto district (about 500 sq mi [1,300 sq km]) was separated from Mokokchung district in 1973 and is located in the central part of the state. It is bounded by Mokokchung district on the north, Tuensang district on the east, ...
- Zonheboto
- town, administrative headquarters of Zonheboto district, Nagaland state, northeastern India. Formerly in the Mokokchung subdivision, it is situated 41 mi (66 km) northeast of Kohima town. The town has some cottage industries.
- zoning
- (from the article "playa") The salt deposits of a salt pan are zoned like bathtub rings, with less-soluble sulfates and carbonates at the outer margin and highly soluble sodium chloride (table salt) at the centre. The crystallization of these salts can be compared with ...
- zoning
- the legislative method of controlling land use by regulating such considerations as the type of buildings (e.g., commercial or residential) that may be erected and the population density. Applied primarily to urban areas, it is accomplished by dividing land area ... [7 Related Articles]
- zoning code
- (from the article "property law") The second set of requirements is the zoning code, in a more restricted sense. The zoning code lays out a series of requirements for construction and land use within particular areas (zones) of the jurisdiction. Zones may be either inclusive ...
- zoo
- place where wild animals and, in some instances, domesticated animals are exhibited in captivity. In such an establishment animals can generally be given more intensive care than is possible in nature reserves or sanctuaries. Most long-established zoos exhibit general collections ... [12 Related Articles]
- Zoobotryon
- (from the article "moss animal") ...feeding zooid less than one millimetre in height. Colonies of the European Pentapora, however, can reach one metre (3.3 feet) or more in circumference; a warm-water gymnolaemate genus, Zoobotryon, which hangs from harbour pilings, and the freshwater phylactolaemate Pectinatella each ...
- zoochlorella
- small green alga (often Chlorella) or, sometimes, flagellate protozoan (e.g., Tetraselmis, Carteria) that lives within the bodies of various freshwater protozoans and invertebrates. Zoochlorellae often colour their hosts green (e.g., green hydra and green Paramecium bursaria). As symbionts, zoochlorellae use ... [1 Related Articles]
- zoochory
- (from the article "seed and fruit") The dispersing agents for seeds and fruits are indicated in such terms as anemochory, hydrochory, and zoochory, which mean dispersal by wind, water, and animals, respectively. Within the zoochorous group further differentiation according to the carriers can be made: saurochory, ...
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