Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Zhuangxiang ... Zilliacus, Konni

Zhuangxiang: (from the article "Shihuangdi") Zhao Zheng was born the son of Zhuangxiang (who later became king of the state of Qin in northwestern China) while his father was held hostage in the state of Zhao. His mother was a former concubine of a rich ...
Zhuangzi: the most significant of China's early interpreters of Daoism, whose work (Zhuangzi) is considered one of the definitive texts of Daoism and is thought to be more comprehensive than the Daodejing, which is attributed to Laozi, the first philosopher of ... [6 Related Articles]
Zhuangzong: (from the article "Five Dynasties") ...Liang, which was established by the rebel leader Zhu Wen after he usurped the Tang throne in 907. Zhu was murdered by his own son in 912, and the Hou Liang was overthrown by one of its generals, Zhuangzong (personal ...
zhuanshu: (from the article "dazhuan") ...BC and developed during the Zhou dynasty (12th century-256/255 BC). It is the earliest form of script to be cultivated later into an important related art form, zhuanshu ("seal script"), so called because long after it had ...
zhuanzhu: (from the article "Chinese writing") ...to be logically associated (e.g., the symbols for "man" and "word" are combined to represent the word meaning "true, sincere, truth"); zhuanzhu, modifications or distortions of characters to form new characters, usually of somewhat related meaning (e.g., ...
Zhuge Liang: celebrated adviser to Liu Bei, founder of the Shu-Han dynasty (221-263/264).
Zhuk, Stanislav Alekseyevich: Russian figure-skating coach who included many of the best-known Soviet pairs teams among his students; though a number of his pupils won Olympic gold medals, they later told about his tough and abusive tactics (b. Jan. 25, 1935, Ulyanovsk, U.S.S.R.--d. ...
Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich: marshal of the Soviet Union, the most important Soviet military commander during World War II. [5 Related Articles]
Zhukovsky, Nikolay Y.: (from the article "Tupolev, Andrey Nikolayevich") In 1909 Tupolev entered the Moscow Imperial Technical School (now Bauman Moscow State Technical University), where he became a student and disciple of Nikolay Y. Zhukovsky, widely considered the father of Russian aviation. In 1918 they organized the Central Aerohydrodynamics ...
Zhukovsky, Vasily Andreyevich: Russian poet and translator, one of Aleksandr Pushkin's most important precursors in forming Russian verse style and language. [6 Related Articles]
Zhuzhou: city, east-central Hunan sheng (province), China. Situated 15 miles (25 km) east of Xiangtan on the east bank of the Xiang River, Zhuzhou, until the beginning of the 20th century, was only a minor market town ... [2 Related Articles]
Zhvania, Zurab: Georgian politician (b. Dec. 9, 1963, Tbilisi, Georgian S.S.R., U.S.S.R.-d. Feb. 3, 2005, Tbilisi, Georgia), was a reform-minded prime minister of Georgia. Zhvania studied biology at Tbilisi State University, graduating in 1985, but left a promising scientific career to found ... [3 Related Articles]
Zhytomyr: city, western Ukraine. It lies along the Teteriv River where it runs between high, rocky banks. Zhytomyr is believed to date from the 9th century, but the first record is from 1240, when it was sacked by the Tatars.
Zia Park: (from the article "Equestrian Sports") ...Group. All turf racing for Hollywood Park's 31-day fall meeting was canceled when the track's newly renovated one-mile grass course was deemed unsatisfactory. Eight graded stakes were affected. Zia Park in Hobbs, N.M., opened on September 23. It was the ...
Zia, Khaleda: politician who served as prime minister of Bangladesh in 1991-96 and 2001-06. The first woman to serve as prime minister of Bangladesh, she governed during a period of natural disasters, economic distress, and civil unrest. [5 Related Articles]
Zia-ud-din: (from the article "Selangor Civil War") ...ruler in Klang (now Kelang), seized and held the prosperous town of Klang for two years with tacit approval of dissident upper-river chiefs. When the sultan granted favours to his son-in-law Zia-ud-din, brother of the sultan of Kedah, he further ...
Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad: Pakistani chief of Army staff, chief martial-law administrator, and president of Pakistan (1978-88). [4 Related Articles]
Ziani family: (from the article "Dandolo Family") As the power of the Michiel family declined, trouble arose between the restless Dandolo family and the Ziani family, headed by the doge Sebastiano, who wanted to impose a policy of peace and internal reform instead of his predecessors' war ...
Zibo: industrial city and municipality (shi), central Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. The municipality is a regional city complex made up of five major towns: Zhangdian (Zibo), Linzi, Zhoucun, Zichuan, and Boshan. Each is now ... [3 Related Articles]
Zichuan: (from the article "Zibo") ...central Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. The municipality is a regional city complex made up of five major towns: Zhangdian (Zibo), Linzi, Zhoucun, Zichuan, and Boshan. Each is now a district of the municipality. Zhangdian, in the ...
Zick, Johann: (from the article "painting, Western") In Franconia and the middle Rhineland the most important painters were Johann Zick and Carlo Carlone. Zick's frescoes at Wurzburg (1749) had not been entirely successful, and in 1750 he was supplanted by Tiepolo; but at Bruchsal he produced one ...
Zicrona caerulea: (from the article "stinkbug") ...the elimination of hibernating spots and alternate hosts. However, not all stinkbugs are destructive. The genus Podisus feeds on the Colorado potato beetle larvae and other plant pests. Zicrona caerulea, a species that occurs in China, preys on beetle larvae ...
Zidane, Zinedine: Hollywood fiction could hardly have improved on World Cup reality for Zinedine Zidane. Starting the France 98 tournament as the best hope of the host nation in its campaign to win the gold medal, the Marseille-born association football (soccer) star ... [1 Related Articles]
Zidantas II: (from the article "Anatolia") ...managed to capture and destroy. The Hittite indebtedness to Egypt for its help may be inferred from an agreement between the two states, about 1471 BC, by which a Hittite king-presumably Zidantas II or Huzziyas-paid tribute to the pharaoh in ...
zidovudine 5-triphosphate: (from the article "AZT") AZT is only active against HIV when the virus is replicating into proviral DNA (viral DNA synthesized prior to integration into host DNA). This is because the active compound of AZT, known as zidovudine 5-triphosphate, has a high affinity (attraction) ...
Zidzha Valley: (from the article "Central Asian arts") ...Ordos region. By the 3rd century BC they had reached the Transbaikalia and had begun to enter Mongolia, which soon became the centre of their empire. Many mounds mark their progress. Those in the Zidzha Valley lie at the same ...
Ziegenbalg, Bartholomaus: (from the article "biblical literature") A complete printed Japanese New Testament reputedly existed in Miyako in 1613, the work of Jesuits. The first known printed New Testament in Asia appeared in 1715 in the Tamil language done by Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg, a Lutheran missionary. A complete ...
Ziegfeld, Florenz, Jr.: American theatrical producer who brought the revue to spectacular heights under the slogan "Glorifying the American Girl." [4 Related Articles]
Ziegler, Karl: German chemist who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with the Italian chemist Giulio Natta. Ziegler's research with organometallic compounds made possible industrial production of high-quality polyethylene. Natta used Ziegler's organometallic compounds to make commercially useful polypropylene. [3 Related Articles]
Ziegler, Kate: (from the article "Swimming") ...sec in both the semifinal and the final of the 50-m backstroke; Australian Leisel Jones, who won the 100-m and 200-m breaststroke races in times only she had ever bettered; and 18-year-old American Kate Ziegler, who nipped Manaudou in the ...
Ziegler, Ronald Louis: American government official (b. May 12, 1939, Covington, Ky.-d. Feb. 10, 2003, Coronado, Calif.), as press secretary for Pres. Richard Nixon, characterized the infamous 1972 break-in at Democratic Party headquarters at Washington, D.C.'s Watergate Hotel as a "third-rate burglary." Ziegler ...
Ziegler-Natta catalyst: any of an important class of mixtures of chemical compounds remarkable for their ability to effect the polymerization of olefins (hydrocarbons containing a double carbon-carbon bond) to polymers of high molecular weights and highly ordered (stereoregular) structures. [3 Related Articles]
Zielona Gora: city, one of two capitals (with Gorzow Wielkopolski) of Lubuskie wojewodztwo (province), west-central Poland. It is an important industrial (textile and metal production) and cultural centre, having for centuries nurtured the theatre arts and a lively folk ... [1 Related Articles]
Zieroth, David: (from the article "Canadian literature") ...the Kootenays in Pictograms from the Interior of B.C. (1975), later turning to his mixed heritage and Chinese background in Rooftops (1988) and So Far (1991). David Zieroth (who has also published as Dale Zieroth) recalled his childhood on a ...
Ziff, William B., Jr.: (from the article "Media and Publishing") The magazine industry lost one of its pioneers in niche marketing with the passing of William B. Ziff, Jr. After taking over Ziff-Davis Publishing from his father in 1953, he built a magazine empire that targeted big-spending hobbyists with single-minded ...
Zifta Barrage: (from the article "Nile River") ...This delta barrage scheme was not fully completed until 1861, after which it was extended and improved; it may be regarded as marking the beginning of modern irrigation in the Nile valley. The Zifta Barrage, nearly halfway along the Damietta ...
Zig Zag Mountains: (from the article "Hot Springs") ...Bathhouse Row, has been restored to look as it did between 1915 and 1920; it is the park's visitor centre. The exteriors of the other six historic bathhouses also have been restored. The surrounding Zig Zag Mountains that make up ...
Zigabenus, Euthymius: Byzantine theologian, polemicist for Greek Orthodoxy, and biblical exegete whose encyclopaedic work on the history of Christian heresies is a primary source for material on early and medieval theological controversy.
ziggurat: pyramidal, stepped temple tower that is an architectural and religious structure characteristic of the major cities of Mesopotamia (now in Iraq) from approximately 2200 until 500 BC. The ziggurat was always built with a core of mud brick and an ... [15 Related Articles]
Zigong: city, southeastern Sichuan sheng (province), southwestern China. It is situated on the Fuxi River, a tributary of the Tuo River, about 40 miles (65 km) north of Yibin.
Zigong Dinosaur Museum: (from the article "Zigong") The city has a museum dedicated to the history of the region's salt production, but it has become famous for its Zigong Dinosaur Museum, just to the northeast at Dashanpu. The museum is built over the site where large numbers ...
Ziguinchor: river-port town, southwestern Senegal, lying along the Casamance River. Ziguinchor has long been known and visited by European mariners. In 1457 the Venetian navigator Alvise Ca' da Mosto, envoy of the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator, reconnoitred the harbour. In ...
zigzag function: (from the article "Kidinnu") ...B) used by the Babylonians to describe more clearly the motions of the Sun and planets. This system utilized steadily increasing and decreasing values for the planetary positions, sometimes called zigzag functions. Kidinnu's calculation of the length of the synodic ...
Zildjian, Armand: American businessman (b. 1921, Milton, Mass.-d. Dec. 26, 2002, Scottsdale, Ariz.), headed Avedis Zildjian Co., the world's most famous cymbal company. He was heir to a remarkable musical and business legacy-his family had been making cymbals from a secret alloy ...
Zile: (from the article "Zile") town, Tokat il (province), east-central Turkey. Lying in a fertile plain crossed by the Yesil River, the town is at the foot of a hill crowned by a ruined citadel. Zela, the ancient temple state of Pontus, ...
Zile: town, Tokat il (province), east-central Turkey. Lying in a fertile plain crossed by the Yesil River, the town is at the foot of a hill crowned by a ruined citadel. Zela, the ancient temple state of Pontus, ...
Zilijun: (from the article "China") ...mainland. The reformists strove to unite with the powerful, secret Society of Brothers and Elders (Gelaohui) in the Yangtze River region. In 1899 Kang's followers organized the Independence Army (Zilijun) at Hankou in order to plan an uprising, but the ...
Zilina: town, north-central Slovakia. It lies along the Vah River at its confluence with the Kysuca and Rajcianka rivers. Originally an early 13th-century Slavic trading settlement, Zilina became a free royal town in 1312. It has an arcaded marketplace and medieval ... [1 Related Articles]
Zille, Helen: (from the article "South Africa") In May, Cape Town Mayor Helen Zille replaced Tony Leon as leader of the main opposition party, the Democratic Alliance. In January Zille's coalition government in Cape Town had been in danger of collapsing when one of its members threatened ...
Ziller, Tuiskon: German educator noted for his application of Johann Friedrich Herbart's educational precepts to the German elementary school. [1 Related Articles]
Zilliacus, Konni: Finnish patriot and leader of a daring anti-Russian Finnish nationalist group during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) and the Russian Revolution of 1905, who inspired a later generation of Finnish anti-Russian activists.