German physician and professor of medicine who developed techniques and instruments for the measurement of various aspects of blood and its circulation.
city, Cher departement, Centre region, central France. It lies along the Canal du Berry, at the confluence of the Cher and Yevre rivers, northwest of Bourges. The city grew from a rail and industrial complex formed in 1938 from several ...
the guerrilla force that, with the support of the North Vietnamese Army, fought against South Vietnam (late 1950s-1975) and the United States (early 1960s-1973). The name is said to have first been used by South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem ...
organization that led the struggle for Vietnamese independence from French rule. The Viet Minh was formed in China in May 1941 by Ho Chi Minh. Although led primarily by Communists, the Viet Minh operated as a national front organization open ...
the first large-scale revolutionary nationalist organization in Vietnam. Founded officially in 1927, the VNQDD was modeled after the revolutionary Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) of China. Its aim, like that of the Nationalist Party, was the establishment of a republican democratic government ...
subbranch of the Vietic branch of the Mon-Khmer family of languages, itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Vietnamese, the most important language of the group and of the entire Mon-Khmer family, has a number of regional variants. Northern Vietnamese, ...
country occupying the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula. It has an area of 127,800 square miles (331,000 square kilometres). From north to south it extends about 1,025 miles (1,650 kilometres) and at its narrowest part is about 30 miles ...
country situated along the eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia. The country's maximum length from northwest to southeast is about 1,025 miles (1,650 km), and maximum width from east to west is about 340 miles (550 km) ...
(1954-75), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. Called the "American War" ...
official language of Vietnam, spoken in the early 21st century by more than 70 million people. It belongs to the Viet-Muong subbranch of the Vietic branch of the Mon-Khmer family, which is itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Except ...
town and former capital of St. Lucia island in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It lies 19 miles (30 km) south of the harbour of Castries and is situated near the island's extreme southeastern tip on fertile, flat ground overlooking Vieux ...
French theatre founded in Paris in 1913 by the writer and critic Jacques Copeau to present alternatives to both the realistic "well-made" plays of the time and the star system of actor-celebrities. Copeau sought to renovate French theatre by focusing ...
camera component that shows the area of the subject to be included in a photograph. In modern cameras it usually is part of a direct visual or range finder focusing system and may also be used to display exposure settings ...
Italian dancer and choreographer whose innovations included the synthesis of dance and pantomime, which he called "coreodramma," in highly dramatic ballets based on historical and mythological themes and Shakespearean plays.
town, Pavia province, Lombardia (Lombardy) region, northern Italy, on the right bank of the Ticino River, southwest of Milan. An old silk-manufacturing town, it was the site during the Renaissance of a hunting villa of the Sforza family, who built ...
one of the 19th century's foremost scholars of Old Norse, who completed the Richard Cleasby Icelandic-English Dictionary (1874; 2nd ed., 1957) and published editions of a number of Icelandic sagas as well as the collection Corpus poeticum boreale (1883; "Body ...
pope from 537 to 555, known for his major role in what later was called the "Three Chapters Controversy," a complex theological dispute between the Eastern and Western churches.
also called Giacomo Barozzi or Giacomo Barozio architect who, with Andrea Palladio and Giulio Romano, dominated Italian Mannerist architectural design and stylistically anticipated the Baroque.
port town and naval station, Pontevedra provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Galicia, northwestern Spain. Vigo lies along the southeastern shore of the Vigo Inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Pontevedra city. It was attacked by the ...
French film director whose blending of lyricism with realism and Surrealism, the whole underlined with a cynical, anarchic approach to life, distinguished him as an original talent. Although he completed only three feature films and one short, Taris (1931), before ...
early type of Buddhist monastery consisting of an open court surrounded by open cells accessible through an entrance porch. The viharas in India were originally constructed to shelter the monks during the rainy season, when it became ...
town, south-central Punjab province, Pakistan. The town lies on a flat alluvial plain bordered by the Sutlej River on the southeast. It is a market and processing centre for cotton and oilseeds. Wheat, rice, sugarcane, and vegetables are also grown ...
stringed musical instrument that in Spanish Renaissance art music held the popularity accorded the lute elsewhere in Europe. Built like a large guitar, it had six, sometimes seven, double courses of strings tuned like the lute: G-c-f-a-d'-g'. (The guitar then ...
(Sanskrit: "City of Victory"), great ruined city in southern India and also the empire ruled first from that city and later from Penukonda (in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) between 1336 and about 1614. The site of the city, on the ...
city, east-central Andhra Pradesh state, southern India, on the Krishna River. The city is a centre for Hindu pilgrimages. It is also known for its toys, many of them miniatures. Of note is the Victoria Jubilee Museum, which has a ...
in Buddhist philosophy, one of the five skandhas, or aggregates, that constitute all that exists. Thought (vijnana/vinnana) is the psychic process that results from other psychological phenomena. The simplest form is knowledge through any of the senses, particularly through the ...
(Sanskrit: "manifest activity"), in Buddhist philosophy, a kind of action that manifests itself outside of the actor and is capable of being recognized by others. Of the three kinds of action (i.e., those produced by the body, mouth, and mind) ...
either of two robotic U.S. spacecraft launched by NASA for extended study of the planet Mars. The Viking project was the first planetary exploration mission to transmit pictures from the Martian surface.
member of the Scandinavian seafaring warriors who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the 9th to the 11th century and whose disruptive influence profoundly affected European history. These pagan Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish warriors were probably prompted to ...
capital and largest town of the republic of Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Located on Mele Bay on the southwest coast of Efate, Vila is a port and the commercial centre of the island group. Although the town is French in ...
town and concelho (township), Porto district, northwestern Portugal. It lies at the mouth of the Ave River, north of Porto. Dating from Roman times, the town received its charter about 1500 from King Manuel I. Its harbour and shipbuilding industry ...
town and concelho (township), Porto district, northwestern Portugal. It lies on the south bank of the Douro River directly across from the city of Porto. In its many armazens (great wine lodges), port is matured and blended. The town's other ...
town, capital, and concelho (township), Vila Real district, northern Portugal. It lies at the confluence of the Corgo and Cabril rivers, east of Porto. The town, which was founded in the 13th century, has notable landmarks, including a cathedral built ...
coastal city, east-central Espirito Santo state, eastern Brazil. It lies along Espirito Santo Bay and is just southeast of Vitoria, the state capital. It was settled in 1535 and was given city status in 1896. Chocolate and candy making are ...
small range of the Andes Mountains in south-central Peru, extending about 160 miles (260 km) northwestward from the city of Cuzco. The range, marked by the erosive action of rivers that have cut deep canyons, rises to 20,574 feet (6,271 ...
country estate, complete with house, grounds, and subsidiary buildings. The term villa particularly applies to the suburban summer residences of the ancient Romans and their later Italian imitators. In Great Britain the word has come to mean a small detached ...
province, north central Cuba, bounded on the north by Nicholas Channel, and by the provinces of Cienfuegos on the southwest, Matanzas on the west, and Sancti Spiritus on the east. Part of former Las Villas province until 1976, the territory ...
