| Vassall, Henry ... Vaucresson |
| | - Vassall, Henry
- English rugby player who is credited with introducing the three-threequarter formation into the Rugby Union instead of the traditional two-threequarter system. He scored three tries (touchdowns) for England in the first meeting with Wales at Blackheath in 1881. Vassall won ...
- Vassall, John
- British junior civil servant who succumbed to blackmail in regard to his homosexuality (which was then illegal) and spied for the KGB during his posting at the British embassy in Moscow in the mid 1950s and after his return to ...
- Vassalli, Sebastiano
- (from the article "Italian literature") ...di un venditore provvisorio di collant (1985; Standard Life of a Temporary Pantyhose Salesman). Two of the most disinterested and earnestly reflective of the younger writers were Sebastiano Vassalli and especially Gianni Celati. Vassalli gradually distanced himself from the more ...
- Vassar College
- private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Poughkeepsie, New York, U.S., one of the Seven Sisters schools. It is a liberal arts college offering undergraduate studies in the arts, languages and literatures, natural and social sciences, psychology, and other areas. ... [3 Related Articles]
- Vassenius, Birger
- (from the article "solar prominence") Probably the first astronomer to describe prominences (1733) was Birger Vassenius of Goteborg, Sweden. In 1868 P.J.C. Janssen and J.N. Lockyer independently announced a method of observing prominences by spectroscope without waiting for an eclipse.
- Vassy, Massacre of
- (from the article "France") ...from devout Catholics, who found leadership in the noble house of Guise, the champions of Roman Catholicism in France. The first civil war began with the massacre of a Huguenot congregation at Vassy (March 1562) by the partisans of Francois, ...
- Vasteras
- city and capital of Vastmanland lan (county), east-central Sweden. It lies at the confluence of the Svartan River and Lake Malar, west of Stockholm. [1 Related Articles]
- Vasterbotten
- lan (county), northern Sweden, extending from the Gulf of Bothnia west to the Norwegian border. Its area comprises the traditional landskap (province) of Vasterbotten and parts of Angermanland and Lappland. The terrain rises from the gulf through a forested upland ...
- Vastergotland
- landskap (province), southwestern Sweden. It is composed largely of the administrative lan (county) of Vastra Gotaland and of portions of Halland and Orebro counties. Lying between Lakes Vattern and Vanern, it is bounded by the traditional provinces of Varmland on ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vasternorrland
- lan (county) of northeast Sweden, on the Gulf of Bothnia. Its area takes in most of the two traditional landskap (provinces) of Medelpad and Angermanland. Rising from the low coastal strip is a heavily forested interior plateau that supplies timber ...
- Vastitas Borealis
- nearly level lowland plain that surrounds the north pole of the planet Mars and extends southward to about latitude 50°. The plain lies 4-5 km (2.5-3 miles) below the planet's mean radius. In some places it is characterized by numerous ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vastmanland
- lan (county) of central Sweden, extending north of Lake Malar. Its area includes the southwestern part of the traditional landskap (province) of Uppland and the eastern part of Vastmanland. A fertile plain in the southeast rises northward to the edge ...
- Vasto
- town, Abruzzi regione, south-central Italy. It is a beach resort on the Adriatic Sea, with brickmaking, candlemaking, and agricultural-processing industries. The town, the ancient name of which was Histonium, has an archaeological museum. There is a 13th-century castle, and the ...
- Vastra Gotaland
- lan (county), southwestern Sweden. It was created in 1998 by the amalgamation of the counties of Alvsborg, Goteborg och Bohus, and Skaraborg. The capital is Goteborg, Sweden's major port and second largest city.
- Vasubandhu
- Indian Buddhist philosopher and logician, younger brother of the philosopher Asanga. His conversion from the Sarvastivada to the Mahayana Buddhist tradition is attributed to Asanga. Vasubandhu refined classical Indian syllogistic logic by distinguishing the procedure for reaching inferences in formal ... [3 Related Articles]
- Vasudeva
- (from the article "India") ...from western Asia and the Mediterranean region, which included the Romans, Persians, and Arabs.) The Shunga dynasty lasted for about one century and was then overthrown by the Brahman minister Vasudeva, who founded the Kanva dynasty, which lasted 45 years ...
- Vasudeva
- in Hindu mythology, the patronymic of Krishna (Krsna), who, according to one tradition, was a son of Vasudeva. The worshipers of Vasudeva, or Krishna, formed one of the earliest theistic devotional movements within Hinduism. When they merged with other groups, ... [5 Related Articles]
- Vasudeva Sarvabhauma
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...of Things") laid the foundations of the school of Navya-Nyaya ("New-Nyaya"). Four great members of this school were Paksadhara Misra of Mithila, Vasudeva Sarvabhauma (16th century), his disciple Raghunatha Siromani (both of Bengal), and Gadadhara Bhattacaryya.
- Vasugupta
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") The source literature of this school consists in the Siva-sutra, Vasugupta's Spanda-karika ("Verses on Creation"; 8th-9th centuries), Utpala's Pratyabhijna-sutra ("Aphorisms on Recognition"; c. 900), Abhinavagupta's Paramarthasara ("The Essence of the Highest...
- Vasumitra
- (from the article "mathematics, South Asian") ...such as in commerce and administration, must also have flourished at this time, although only occasional brief allusions survive. For instance, a Buddhist text (c. 1st century BCE) by Vasumitra mentions merchants' "counting pits," where tokens in a row of ...
- Vasvar, Treaty of
- (from the article "Austria") ...The Turks conquered the fortress of Neuhausel in Slovakia, but the imperial troops succeeded in throwing them back. The Austrian military success was not, however, reflected in the terms of the Treaty of Vasvar: Transylvania was given to Mihaly Apafi, ...
- Vasylkiv
- city, northern Ukraine, on the Stuhna River, a tributary of the Dnieper River. The city, which was founded in 988 and fortified in the 11th century, was destroyed in 1240 by the Mongols. It eventually recovered and was incorporated as ...
- Vasyugan
- (from the article "Ob River") ...below the confluence of the Shegarka River from the left. Successive tributaries along the northwesterly course, after the Chulym, include the Chaya and the Parabel (both left), the Ket (right), the Vasyugan (left), and the Tym and Vakh rivers (both ...
- Vasyuganye Swamp
- (from the article "Russia") ...slowly across immense floodplains. Owing to their northward flow, the upper reaches thaw before the lower parts, and floods occur over vast areas, which lead to the development of huge swamps. The Vasyuganye Swamp at the Ob-Irtysh confluence covers some ...
- vat dye
- any of a large class of water-insoluble dyes, such as indigo and the anthraquinone derivatives, that are used particularly on cellulosic fibres. The dye is applied in a soluble, reduced form to impregnate the fibre and then oxidized in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- vat leaching
- (from the article "gold processing") With ores of higher gold content (i.e., greater than 20 grams of gold per ton of ore), cyanidation is accomplished by vat leaching, which involves holding a slurry of ore and solvent for several hours in large tanks equipped with ...
- vat sizing
- (from the article "papermaking") ...1800, paper sheets were sized by impregnation with animal glue or vegetable gums, an expensive and tedious process. In 1800 Moritz Friedrich Illig in Germany discovered that paper could be sized in vats with rosin and alum. Although Illig published ...
- Vater's ampulla
- (from the article "digestive system, human") ...duct progresses downward through the head of the pancreas. There it is usually joined by the main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) at a slightly dilated area called the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater), which lies in the wall of ...
- Vatican Apostolic Library
- official library of the Vatican, especially notable as one of the world's richest manuscript depositories. The library is the direct heir of the first library of the Roman pontiffs. Very little is known of this library up to the 13th ... [3 Related Articles]
- Vatican City
- ecclesiastical state, seat of the Roman Catholic church, and an enclave in Rome, situated on the west bank of the Tiber River. Vatican City is the world's smallest fully independent nation-state. Its medieval and Renaissance walls form its boundaries except ... [39 Related Articles]
- Vatican City, flag of
- vertically divided yellow-white national flag with an emblem on the white stripe featuring two crossed keys and a papal tiara. The flag is square in its proportions.
- Vatican Council, First
- 20th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church (1869-70), convoked by Pope Pius IX to deal with contemporary problems. The pope was referring to the rising influence of rationalism, liberalism, and materialism. Preparations for the council were directed by a ... [10 Related Articles]
- Vatican Council, Second
- 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church (1962-65), announced by Pope John XXIII on Jan. 25, 1959, as a means of spiritual renewal for the church and as an occasion for Christians separated from Rome to join in search ... [41 Related Articles]
- Vatican Museums and Galleries
- art collections of the popes since the beginning of the 15th century, housed in the papal palaces and other buildings in the Vatican. The Pio-Clementino Museum (Museo Pio-Clementino or Musei di Scultura) was founded in the 18th century by Pope ... [3 Related Articles]
- Vatican palace
- papal residence in the Vatican north of St. Peter's Basilica. From the 4th century until the Avignonese period (1309-77) the customary residence of the popes was at the Lateran. Pope Symmachus built two episcopal residences in the Vatican, one on ... [7 Related Articles]
- Vatnajokull
- extensive ice field, southeastern Iceland, covering an area of 3,200 sq mi (8,400 sq km) with an average ice thickness of more than 3,000 ft (900 m). Generally about 5,000 ft above sea level, in the Oraefajokull (Oraefa Glacier) in ... [4 Related Articles]
- Vatsa
- (from the article "India") ...at Mathura, and the tribe claimed descent from the Yadu clan. A reference to the Sourasenoi in later Greek writings is often identified with the Shurasena and the city of Methora with Mathura. The Vatsa state emerged from Kaushambi. The ...
- Vatsagulma dynasty
- (from the article "India") ...founder of the dynasty, Vindhyashakti, extended his power northward as far as Vidisha (near Ujjain). At the end of the 4th century, a collateral line of the Vakatakas was established by Sarvasena in Vatsagulma (Basim, in Akola district), and the ...
- Vatsaraja
- (from the article "India") Vatsaraja, a Pratihara ruler who came to the throne about 778, controlled eastern Rajasthan and Malava. His ambition to take Kannauj brought him into conflict with the Pala king, Dharmapala (reigned c. 770-810), who had by this time advanced up ...
- Vatsyayana
- (from the article "Indian philosophy") ...began with the Kusanas (1st-2nd centuries). Gautama (author of the Nyaya-sutras; probably flourished at the beginning of the Christian Era) and his 5th-century commentator Vatsyayana established the foundations of the Nyaya as a school almost exclusively preoccupied with logical and ...
- Vattagamani Abhaya
- (from the article "Abhayagiri") important ancient Theravada Buddhist monastic centre (vihara) built by King Vattagamani Abhaya (29-17 BC) on the northern side of Anuradhapura, the capital of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) at that time. Its importance lay, in part, in the fact that religious and ...
- Vattel, Emmerich de
- Swiss jurist who, in Le Droit des gens (1758; "The Law of Nations"), applied a theory of natural law to international relations. His treatise was especially influential in the United States because his principles of liberty and equality coincided with ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vatter, Lake
- lake in south-central Sweden, southeast of Lake Vaner between the administrative lan (counties) of Vastra Gotaland and Ostergotland and north of the traditional landskap (province) of Smaland. With a length of 81 miles (130 km), a breadth of about 19 ... [3 Related Articles]
- Vatutin, Nikolay Fyodorovich
- (from the article "Kiev") ...southern end, called the Park of Glory, has an 85-foot granite obelisk rising above the grave of the Unknown Soldier and a memorial garden. Also located in the park are the grave of General Nikolay Vatutin, commander of the Soviet ...
- Vauban, Sebastien Le Prestre de
- French military engineer who revolutionized the art of siege craft and defensive fortifications. He fought in all of France's wars of Louix XIV's reign (1643-1715). [9 Related Articles]
- Vaucanson, Jacques de
- prolific inventor of robot devices of significance for modern industry. [2 Related Articles]
- Vaucheria
- genus of yellow-green algae characterized by multinucleate tubular branches lacking cross walls except in association with reproductive organs or an injury. Food is stored as oil globules. Asexual reproduction is by motile multiflagellate zoospores and nonmotile aplanospores; sexual reproduction also ... [1 Related Articles]
- Vauclin, Mount
- (from the article "Martinique") ...are an active volcano, Mount Pelee, which rises to 4,583 feet (1,397 metres), to the north; the Carbet Mountains, of which Lacroix Peak reaches 3,923 feet (1,195 metres), in the centre; and Mount Vauclin, rising to 1,654 feet (504 metres), ...
- Vaucluse
- (from the article "Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur") ...of France encompassing the southeastern departements of Alpes-Maritimes, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Var, Bouches-du-Rhone, and Vaucluse. Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur is bounded by the regions of Languedoc-Roussillon to the west and Rhone-Alpes to the north. Other...
- Vaucouleurs
- (from the article "Joan of Arc, Saint") ...of the Anglo-Burgundians and that of the Dauphin. The villagers had already had to abandon their homes before Burgundian threats. Led by her voices, Joan traveled in May 1428 from Domremy to Vaucouleurs, the nearest stronghold still loyal to the ...
- Vaucresson
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...preferences led him to develop an extreme version of Cubist painting that he and the painter Amedee Ozenfant called Purism. Returning to architecture in 1921, he designed a villa at Vaucresson, France (1922), the abstract planes and strip windows of ...
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