Syrian Melchite bishop, theologian, and linguist, early exponent of cultural exchange with Islamic and other non-Christian peoples, and the first known Christian writer in Arabic.
elegiac poet, many of whose poems were addressed to his beloved, one Cyrnus. Theognis' poems were also much concerned with good breeding and are important for their portrayal of aristocratic society in a changing world. He allegedly wrote a poem ...
Byzantine monk, theologian, and chronicler, coauthor of a report on the situation of the Eastern Church during the turbulent reign of Photius (858-867 and 878-886), the controversial patriarch of Constantinople. This theological chronicle, or "Letter of Appeal," constituted one of ...
Greek theologian, writer, and prominent head of Alexandria's Catechetical school, at that time the intellectual centre for Hellenistic Christianity. Reputed to be one of the Greek Church's distinguished teachers, Theognostus assumed the leadership of the school c. 265, although the ...
Greek Orthodox metropolitan of Philadelphia and theological polemicist and writer on Christian asceticism, who emerged as a central figure in the political and theological turmoil of his age.
a form of religious thought that establishes religious inquiry on the basis of a norm other than the authority of tradition. It was an important influence in Protestantism from about the mid-17th century through the 1920s.
discipline of religious thought that is restricted in its narrower sense, because of origination and format, to Christianity, but in its broader sense, because of its themes, to other religions. The themes of theology are God, man, the world, salvation, ...
discipline of religious thought that is restricted in its narrower sense, because of its origination and format, to Christianity but that may be applied in a broader sense, because of its themes, to other religions. The themes of theology are ...
Byzantine monk, theologian, and chronicler, a principal adversary of the heterodox in the Iconoclastic Controversy (concerning the destruction of sacred images). The annals he wrote are the leading source for 7th- and 8th-century Byzantine history.
one of the leading late Byzantine painters of murals, icons, and miniatures who influenced the 15th-century painting style of the Novgorod school (q.v.) and the Moscow school (q.v.). His early career was spent in Constantinople and the Crimea, but after ...
(from Greek theophaneia, "appearance of God"), manifestation of deity in sensible form. The term has been applied generally to the appearance of the gods in the ancient Greek and Near Eastern religions but has in addition acquired a special technical ...
Eastern Roman emperor (829-842), principal promoter of the 9th-century Byzantine renascence of learning, and the last advocate of the Eastern heresy of Iconoclasm (the destruction of religious images) in a reign beset by Arab invasions.
German monk who wrote De diversis artibus (c. 1110-40; also called Schedula diversarum artium), an exhaustive account of the techniques of almost all the known crafts of the first half of the 12th century. From his writings it can be ...
theologian and patriarch of Alexandria, Egypt, violent opponent of non-Christian religions, severe critic of heterodox influence among Christian writers and monks, and a major figure in the ecclesiastical politics of the Greek Orthodox Church of his day.
Greek Peripatetic philosopher and pupil of Aristotle. He studied at Athens under Aristotle, and when Aristotle was forced to retire in 323 he became the head of the Lyceum, the academy in Athens founded by Aristotle. Under Theophrastus the enrollment ...
Greek Orthodox archbishop of Ochrida (modern Ohrid, Macedonia), theologian and linguistic scholar, who helped disseminate Byzantine culture among the Balkan Slavs during the early Middle Ages.
also spelled Theophylact Simocatta Byzantine historian whose chronicles of the Eastern Roman Empire provide a unique source for the Greek relations with the Slavs and Persians during the 6th and 7th centuries.
alkaloidal drug used in medicine as an antiasthmatic, coronary vasodilator, and diuretic. Theophylline is a xanthine alkaloid, a methylxanthine chemically related to caffeine and theobromine. Along with caffeine, it is an active constituent of tea (Camellia sinensis), but it is ...
Greek historian and rhetorician whose Philippica, though lost in original, has survived through the work of later writers to form one element in the tradition concerning the reign of Philip II of Macedon. Twice exiled from his native town, where ...
large bass lute, or archlute, used from the 16th to the 18th century for song accompaniments and for basso continuo parts. It had six to eight single strings running along the fingerboard and, alongside them, eight off-the-fingerboard bass strings, or ...
Swedish biochemist whose study of enzymes that facilitate oxidation reactions in living cells contributed to the understanding of enzyme action and led to the discovery of the ways in which nutrients are used by organisms in the presence of oxygen ...
in mathematics and logic, a proposition or statement that is demonstrated. In geometry, a proposition is commonly considered as a problem (a construction to be effected) or a theorem (a statement to be proved). The statement "If two lines intersect, ...
religious philosophy with mystical concerns that can be traced to the ancient world but that has been of catalytic significance in religious thought in the 19th and 20th centuries. The term theosophy is derived from the Greek theos, "god," and ...
(Greek: "God-Bearer"), in Eastern Orthodoxy, the designation of the Virgin Mary as mother of God. The term has had great historical importance because the Nestorians, who stressed the independence of the divine and human natures in Christ, opposed its use, ...
island, southernmost island of the Cyclades group, Greece, in the Aegean Sea, sometimes included in the Southern Sporades group. The island has an area of 29 square miles (76 square km) and, together with other islands, forms an eparkhia ("eparchy") ...
any member of a group of intrusive igneous rocks that contain labradorite (basic plagioclase feldspar), nepheline, and titaniferous augite. Theralites are classified in the nepheline-tephrite group in this series (see also nephelinite). Olivine, biotite, orthoclase feldspar, and an alkali amphibole ...
Athenian politician and general, active in the last years of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) and controversial in his own lifetime and since. His father, Hagnon, a contemporary of Pericles, served repeatedly as one of the 10 annual generals of ...
Jewish sect of ascetics closely resembling the Essenes, believed to have settled on the shores of Lake Mareotis in the vicinity of Alexandria, Egypt, during the 1st century AD. The only original account of this community is given in De ...
treatment and care of a patient for the purpose of both preventing and combating disease or alleviating pain or injury. The term comes from the Greek therapeutikos, which means "inclined to serve."
any member of a major order (Therapsida) of reptiles of Permian and Triassic time (from 286 to 208 million years ago). Therapsids were the stock that gave rise to mammals. As early as the preceding Carboniferous Period (from 360 to ...
electronic musical instrument invented in 1920 in the Soviet Union by Leon Theremin (also called Lev Termen). It consists of a box with radio tubes producing oscillations at two sound-wave frequencies above the range of hearing; together, they produce a ...
Carmelite nun whose service to her Roman Catholic order, although outwardly unremarkable, was later recognized for its exemplary spiritual accomplishments. She was named a doctor of the church by Pope John Paul II in 1997.
town in northern Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic), founded in 1780 and used from 1941 to 1945 by Nazi Germany as a walled ghetto, or concentration camp, and as a transit camp for western Jews en route to Auschwitz ...
one of the most prolific writers in Canada, with some 1,300 radio and television scripts and some 50 books to his credit. He was hailed as a literary genius after the publication of Agaguk (1958), a poignant tale about an ...
complex of rooms designed for public bathing, relaxation, and social activity that was developed to a high degree of sophistication by the ancient Romans. Although public baths are known to have existed in early Egyptian palaces, remains are too fragmentary ...
large gulf of the Aegean Sea in northeastern Greece between Thessaly, Macedonia, and the Chalcidice peninsula. Up to 60 mi (100 km) long northwest-southeast and about 40 mi wide at its broadest point, at the isthmus of Kassandra, it narrows ...
internal energy present in a system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium by virtue of its temperature. Thermal energy cannot be converted to useful work as easily as the energy of systems that are not in states of thermodynamic equilibrium. ...
the general increase in the volume of a material as its temperature is increased. It is usually expressed as a fractional change in dimensions or volume per unit temperature change; a linear expansion coefficient is usually employed in describing the ...
change of a solid into a liquid when heat is applied. In a pure crystalline solid, this process occurs at a fixed temperature called the melting point (q.v.); an impure solid generally melts over a range of temperatures below the ...
any free neutron (one that is not bound within an atomic nucleus) that has an average energy of motion (kinetic energy) corresponding to the average energy of the particles of the ambient materials. Relatively slow and of low energy, thermal ...
process by which energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, is emitted by a heated surface in all directions and travels directly to its point of absorption at the speed of light; thermal radiation does not require an intervening medium ...
in Classical architecture, semicircular window divided into three sections by two mullions, or vertical strips. The base of the central section of a thermal window is wider than that of its two side sections. The thermal window is frequently featured ...
in the French Revolution, the revolt initiated on 9 Thermidor, year II (July 27, 1794), which resulted in the fall of Maximilien Robespierre and the collapse of revolutionary fervour and the Reign of Terror in France. By June of 1794 ...
discharge of electrons from heated materials, widely used as a source of electrons in conventional electron tubes (e.g., television picture tubes) in the fields of electronics and communications. The phenomenon was first observed (1883) by Thomas A. Edison as a ...
