(Greek: Order), in Greek religion, personification of justice, goddess of wisdom and good counsel, and the interpreter of the gods' will. According to some sources, she was the daughter of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaea (Earth), although at times she was ...
Athenian politician and naval strategist who was the creator of Athenian sea power and the chief saviour of Greece from subjection to the Persian Empire at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC.
any of a type of sodium sulfate mineral (Na2SO4) that has been deposited as an evaporation product near salt lakes and playas, as in the arid regions of northern Africa, Siberia, Canada, and the western United States. It is widespread ...
also called Theobald The Troubadour, or The Posthumous, French Thibaud Le Chansonnier, or Le Posthume, Spanish Teobaldo El Trovador, or El Postumo count of Troyes and of Champagne (from 1201), as Theobald IV, and king of Navarre (from 1234), the ...
count of Blois and of Chartres (from 1102) and count of Champagne (from 1125) as Theobald II. He was the grandson of Theobald III of Blois. Theobald IV reunited Champagne with Blois and thus again made his house a threat ...
diuretic drug and major alkaloidal constituent of cocoa. Theobromine is a xanthine alkaloid, a methylxanthine, as are caffeine and theophylline, but it differs from them in having little stimulatory action upon the central nervous system. The stimulant effect of cocoa ...
Ostrogothic king of Italy and a philosopher who wrote a treatise on Plato; his assassination of his cousin Queen Amalasuntha, daughter of King Theodoric, furnished a pretext for the Byzantine emperor Justinian I to invade Italy.
Merovingian king of Reims from 547 or 548, in succession to his father, Theodebert I. He proved incapable of continuing the latter's dynamic policies. He left no son, and on his death his kingdom passed to his granduncle, Chlotar I. ...
(from Greek theos, "god"; dike, "justice"), the justification of God, which is concerned with reconciling the goodness and justice of God with the observable facts of evil and suffering in the world.
basic surveying instrument of unknown origin but going back to the 16th-century English mathematician Leonard Digges; it is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. In its modern form it consists of a telescope mounted to swivel both horizontally and ...
Byzantine empress, wife of the emperor Justinian I (reigned 527-565), probably the most powerful woman in Byzantine history. Her intelligence and political acumen made her Justinian's most trusted adviser and enabled her to use the power and influence of her ...
monk-theologian and archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, who was the leading advocate of a Platonist school of Christian theology and a principal consultant at the second Council of Constantinople in 553.
Syrian scholar and author of a noted collection of annotations on the entire Syriac Bible. The work is also an important historical and theological source on Eastern religious sects during the first millennium of Christianity.
pope from 642 to 649. Although noted for his generosity to the poor, he had to devote most of his pontificate to combatting Monothelitism, a heresy maintaining that Christ had only one will. Theodore refused to recognize the uncanonically installed ...
first emperor of Nicaea, which was recognized as the Byzantine government-in-exile and as the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire during the Crusaders' occupation of Constantinople.
pope for 20 days during December 897. He was elected during one of the darkest periods in papal history, caused by the "Cadaver Synod" at which Pope Stephen VI had posthumously deposed and desecrated the disinterred corpse of Pope Formosus. ...
Byzantine emperor of Nicaea who-though not as capable as his grandfather or his father, Theodore I and John III Vatatzes, respectively-was an able ruler, a good soldier, and a man of letters; he succeeded in holding together the prosperous state ...
theologian-monk of a monastery at Rhaithu, a port on the Sinai Peninsula, considered the last of the Neo-Chalcedonian authors. His writings sought an orthodox formulation of doctrine on the nature of Christ. He thereby proposed to integrate the authoritative expression ...
area of badlands in west-central North Dakota, U.S., commemorating President Theodore Roosevelt's interest in the American West. Established as a national memorial park in 1947, it underwent subsequent boundary changes and was redesignated a national park in 1978. It consists ...
also called Theodore Of Studios, or Stoudion abbot and leading opponent of iconoclasm, the doctrine opposing the veneration of religious images, which severely disturbed relations between the Byzantine and Roman churches.
Syrian theologian-bishop, representative of Antioch's historico-critical school of biblical-theological interpretation, whose writings were a moderating influence on the 5th-century Christological disputes and contributed to the development of the Christian theological vocabulary.
antipope from 1100 to 1102. As cardinal bishop of Santa Ruffina, he was elected pope by the faction headed by the Holy Roman emperor Henry IV during the struggle between empire and papacy, but in 1101 he was seized by ...
king of the Ostrogoths (from 471), who invaded Italy in 488 and completed the conquest of virtually the entire peninsula and Sicily by 493, making himself king of Italy (493-526) and establishing his capital at Ravenna. In German and Icelandic ...
Merovingian king of Reims from 511. Theodoric was the eldest son of Clovis I, but born of an unknown woman, unlike the other sons, whose mother was Clotilda. An able soldier, he played an important part in his father's campaigns ...
younger son of the Merovingian Childebert II; he succeeded his father as king of Burgundy in 595. Cooperation with his brother, Theodebert II of Austrasia, was followed by discord, and in 612 Theodoric, supported by his grandmother, Brunhild, overthrew his ...
Merovingian ruler who succeeded his brother Chlotar III as king of Neustria and Burgundy in 673, at the instigation of Ebroin, the Neustrian mayor of the palace. He was soon deposed by another brother, Childeric II, was restored in 675, ...
penultimate ruler of the Merovingian dynasty, the son of Dagobert III; he was king of the Franks from 721. A puppet who was controlled by Charles Martel, the grandfather of Charlemagne, Theodoric was totally ignored by chroniclers of the day. ...
tomb built c. 520 in Ravenna, Italy, by the Arian Ostrogothic emperor Theodoric. The lower story is a decagon, while the upper story is circular and roofed with a remarkable monolithic dome 36 feet (11 metres) in diameter made of ...
English Theodore The Reader Greek church historian, author of two significant epitomes of Byzantine history correlating data from leading 5th-century chroniclers, and constituting an essential source for events of that complex period. Its incorporation into a later Latin account provided ...
Roman emperor of the East (379-392) and then sole emperor of both East and West (392-395), who, in vigorous suppression of paganism and Arianism, established the creed of the Council of Nicaea (325) as the universal norm for Christian orthodoxy ...
Greek Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople (1179-83), inflexible opponent of the Muslim religion, critic of union with the Latin Church of the West, and guardian of Orthodox morality at the Byzantine court.
Eastern Roman emperor from 408 to 450. He was a gentle, scholarly, easily dominated man who allowed his government to be run by a succession of relatives and ministers.
Byzantine emperor from 715 to 717. He was an obscure tax collector of southwestern Asia Minor who against his will was proclaimed emperor by the troops of the Opsikion theme rebelling against Anastasius II. His supporters successfully captured Constantinople after ...
patriarch of Alexandria (535-566), theologian, and leader of the Monophysites in Egypt and Syria, who were reputed for their asceticism and also for their mystical prayer.
a principal proponent of orthodoxy in the Christological controversy (a dispute centring on the nature and person of Christ) and one of the fathers of Palestinian monasticism.
genus of extinct brachiopods (lamp shells) the fossils of which are restricted to Early Devonian marine rocks (the Devonian period occurred from 408 million to 360 million years ago). The genus is characterized by a moderate-sized, rounded shell, the surface ...
Hellenistic Jewish scholar and linguist and author of a Greek translation of the Old Testament. According to two early Christian writers of the 2nd and 4th centuries, Theodotion probably came from Ephesus in Asia Minor. He is reported to have ...
theologian, bishop of Ancyra, and a leading advocate of orthodoxy in the discussion of the nature and Person of Christ at the Council of Ephesus in 431. Theodotus was a determined opponent of Nestorius, bishop of Constantinople, whose views had ...
a principal formulator of Eastern Gnosticism, a system of religious dualism (belief in rival deities of good and evil) with a doctrine of salvation by gnosis, or esoteric knowledge.
