Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

0-9

tellurium ... Tempyo style

tellurium: (Te), semimetallic chemical element in the oxygen family (Group VIa of the periodic table), closely allied with the element selenium in chemical and physical properties. It was discovered in 1782 by Franz Joseph Muller von Reichenstein, a mining inspector in ...
Tellus: ancient Roman earth goddess. Probably of great antiquity, she was concerned with the productivity of the earth and was later identified with the mother-goddess Cybele. Her temple on the Esquiline Hill dated from about 268 BC. Though she had no ...
Telstar: series of communications satellites whose successful launching, beginning in 1962, inaugurated a new age in electronic communications. The first experimental communications satellite was made in 1960 by John Robinson Pierce of Bell Telephone Laboratories in the United States, who seized ...
Telugu language: language of the Dravidian family, spoken in southeastern India; it is the official language of the state of Andhra Pradesh. There are several distinct regional dialects in Telugu, as well as three social dialects-Brahman, non-Brahman, and Harijan (Untouchable). The formal, ...
Telugu literature: body of writings in Telugu, a Dravidian language spoken in an area north of Madras, India, and running inland to Bellary. The literature, beginning in the 10th or 11th century, is mainly poetry and secular and religious epics, with the ...
Teluk Intan: port, northwestern Peninsular (West) Malaysia. It lies on a deltaic peninsula formed by the confluence of the Perak and Bidor rivers. Formerly called Telong Melintang, the port was renamed in the 1880s for Lieutenant Governor George Anson of Penang (or ...
Telukbetung: (Indonesia): see Bandar Lampung.
telum figure: small, devotional image carved from wood or stone, probably used in private rather than communal ancestor worship in primitive societies. Telum figures are known on the northwestern coast of New Guinea and in the Dogon art of The Sudan. Extant ...
Tema: city and port, southeastern Ghana. It lies along the Gulf of Guinea (an embayment of the Atlantic Ocean), 18 miles (29 km) east of Accra.
Temblor Range: segment of the Coast Ranges (see Pacific mountain system), south-central California, U.S. It extends southeastward for about 50 miles (80 km) from northwestern Kern county to the San Emigdio Mountains near the southern end of the Central Valley. Peaks average ...
Tembu: Bantu-speaking people who inhabit the upper reaches of the Mzimvubu River in Eastern province, South Africa. The Tembu speak a dialect of Xhosa, a Bantu language of the Nguni group that is closely related to Zulu.
temenggong: in the traditional Malay states, an official who was responsible for maintaining law and order and for commanding the police and army. This important nonhereditary position became delineated during the development of the 15th-century Malaccan state, which emerged as an ...
Temerloh: town, central Peninsular (West) Malaysia, on the Pahang River. The town's residents are primarily engaged in rubber tapping and paddy (rice) farming. Local villagers ferry downriver to trade their produce at a market near the town mosque. Temerloh is a ...
Temin, Howard Martin: American virologist who in 1975 shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with his former professor Renato Dulbecco and another of Dulbecco's students, David Baltimore, for his codiscovery of the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Temirtau: city, east-central Kazakstan. It lies on the Samarkand Reservoir of the Nura River. The settlement, a satellite city of Qaraghandy (Karaganda), came into being when the reservoir was built in 1934; until 1945 it was called Samarkandsky. Later, small industrial ...
Temminck's cat: Asian mammal of the cat family, a species of golden cat (q.v.).
Temne: group of some 1.6 million people of central and northwestern Sierra Leone who speak a language (also called Temne) of the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo family. The Temne are mainly farmers whose staple crop is rice, supplemented by peanuts ...
Temora: town, south-central New South Wales, Australia. It lies in the Western Slopes district of the fertile Riverina. Founded in 1879 during a gold rush, the town derives its name from a Celtic term meaning "an eminence commanding a wide view." ...
Tempe: city, Maricopa county, south-central Arizona, U.S. It lies along the Salt River and is a southern suburb of Phoenix. First settled (1872) by Charles Hayden, father of former Arizona senator Carl Hayden, it was called Hayden's Ferry until renamed in ...
Tempe, Vale of: narrow valley between the southern Olympus and northern Ossa massifs of northeastern Thessaly, Greece. The valley is lined by cliffs that rise to 1,650 feet (500 m) on the south; in places it is only 90 to 165 feet (25 ...
Tempelhof: district of Berlin, Germany. It is the site of an airport that became well known during the Soviet blockade of West Berlin (1948-49; see Berlin blockade and airlift); the airport was enlarged to serve as the main terminus for regular ...
tempera painting: painting executed with pigment ground in a water-miscible medium. The word tempera originally came from the verb temper-that is, "to bring to a desired consistency"; dry pigments are made usable by "tempering" them with a binding and adhesive vehicle. Such ...
temperament: in psychology, an aspect of personality concerned with emotional dispositions and reactions and their speed and intensity; the term often is used to refer to the prevailing mood or mood pattern of a person. The notion of temperament in this ...
temperance movement: movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of intoxicating liquor. Although an abstinence pledge had been introduced by churches as early as 1800, the earliest temperance organizations seem to have been those founded at ...
temperate forest: vegetation type with a more or less continuous canopy of broad-leaved trees. Such forests occur between approximately 25° and 50° latitude in both hemispheres (see). Toward the polar regions they grade into boreal forests, which are dominated by evergreen conifers, ...
temperature: measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of several arbitrary scales and indicating the direction in which heat energy will spontaneously flow, i.e., from a hotter body (one at a higher temperature) to a colder body (one ...
temperature inversion: a reversal of the normal behaviour of temperature in the troposphere (the region of the atmosphere nearest the Earth's surface), in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air. (Under normal ...
temperature stress: physiological stress induced by excessive heat or cold that can impair functioning and cause injury or death. Exposure to intense heat increases body temperature and pulse rate. If body temperature is sufficiently high, sweating may cease, the skin may become ...
temperature-humidity index: combination of temperature and humidity that is a measure of the degree of discomfort experienced by an individual in warm weather; it was originally called the discomfort index. The index is essentially an effective temperature based on air temperature and ...
tempering: in metallurgy, process of improving the characteristics of a metal, especially steel, by heating it to a high temperature, though below the melting point, then cooling it, usually in air. The process has the effect of toughening by lessening brittleness ...
Tempest, Dame Marie: English actress, known as "the queen of her profession," who had a 55-year career as a star of light opera and legitimate comedy.
Tempest, The: drama in five acts by William Shakespeare, first written and performed about 1611 and published in the First Folio of 1623 from an edited transcript, by Ralph Crane (scrivener of the King's Men), of the author's papers after they had ...
Tempietto: small circular chapel erected in the courtyard of San Pietro in Montorio in Rome on the supposed site of the martyrdom of St. Peter. It was commissioned by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and was built in 1502 after designs ...
Tempio Malatestiano: burial chapel in Rimini, Italy, for Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, the lord of the city, together with his mistress Isotta degli Atti and the Malatesta family. The "temple" was converted, beginning in 1446, from the Gothic-style Church of San Francesco according ...
Templar: member of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, a religious military order of knighthood established at the time of the Crusades that became a model and inspiration for other military orders. Originally founded to protect ...
temple: edifice constructed for religious worship. Most of Christianity calls its places of worship churches; many religions use temple, a word derived in English from the Latin word for time, because of the importance to the Romans of the proper time ...
Temple: city, Bell county, central Texas, U.S. It lies along the Little River, just southeast of Belton Lake (impounded on the Leon River) and some 35 miles (55 km) south-southwest of Waco. With the cities of Bartlett, Belton, Copperas Cove, Gatesville, ...
Temple University: public, coeducational institution of higher learning based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It is a state-related university and comprises seven campuses: three in Philadelphia, two in Montgomery county, and two abroad, in Rome and Tokyo. Courses are also provided at approximately ...
Temple, Frederick: archbishop of Canterbury and educational reformer who was sometimes considered to personify, by his rugged appearance and terse manner as a schoolmaster and bishop, the ideal of "manliness" fashionable during the Victorian era (1837-1901) in Britain.
Temple, Le: in Paris, originally a fortified monastery of the Templars and later a royal prison. It was built in the 12th century northeast of the city in an area commanded by the Templars; the area is now the Temple quarter of ...
Temple, Richard Grenville-Temple, 1st Earl, Viscount Cobham, Baron Cobham: English statesman, the brother-in-law of William Pitt, under whom he served as first lord of the Admiralty.
Temple, Shirley: internationally popular American child star of the 1930s, who was Hollywood's greatest box-office attraction at the age of seven in sentimental musicals.
Temple, Sir William, Baronet: English statesman and diplomat who formulated the pro-Dutch foreign policy employed intermittently during the reign of King Charles II. In addition, his thought and prose style had a great influence on many 18th-century writers, particularly on Jonathan Swift.
Temple, The: in London, series of buildings associated with the legal profession. The Temple lies between Fleet Street and the Embankment in the City of London and is mainly divided into the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, two of the four ...
Temple, William: archbishop of Canterbury who was a leader in the ecumenical movement and in educational and labour reforms.
Templeton, Fay: American singer and actress who enjoyed popularity in a career that extended from light opera to burlesque to musical theatre.
Tempo reforms: (1841-43), unsuccessful attempt by the Tokugawa shogunate (1603-1868) to restore the feudal agricultural society that prevailed in Japan at the beginning of its rule. Named after the Tempo era (1830-44) in which they occurred, the reforms demonstrated the ineffectiveness of ...
Tempo, Il: (Italian: "The Times"), morning daily newspaper published in Rome, one of Italy's outstanding newspapers and one with broad appeal and influence in the Roman region. It was founded in 1945 by Renato Angiolille as a conservative paper with a strong ...
Tempskya: genus of fossil tree ferns of Mesozoic age (65,000,000 to 225,000,000 years old), constituting the family Tempskyaceae, order Filicales. It was among the most bizarre of plants, with an unbranched trunk up to 40 centimetres (16 inches) across, tapering bluntly ...
Temptations, the: American vocal group noted for their smooth harmonies and intricate choreography. Recording primarily for Motown Records, they were among the most popular performers of soul music in the 1960s and '70s. The principal members of the group were Otis Williams ...
Tempyo style: Japanese sculptural style of the Late Nara period (724-794), greatly influenced by the Chinese Imperial style of the T'ang dynasty (618-907). During this prolific era, many of the supreme sculptural achievements of Japanese Buddhist art were created in unbaked clay, ...