Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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T Tauri star ... Ta'mim, at-

T Tauri star: any of a class of very young stars having a mass approximately equal to that of the Sun. So called after a prototype identified in a bright region of gas and dust known as the Hind's variable nebula, the T ...
T'aebaek Mountains: main ridge of the Korean Peninsula, stretching along the coast of the Sea of Japan (East Sea), north to Hwangnyong Mountain (4,160 feet [1,268 m]), North Korea, and continuing south as the Kyongsang Range to Tadae-p'o, a suburb of Pusan, ...
T'ai Chi: in Chinese philosophy, the eternal source and cause of all reality. In the Book of Changes (I Ching), the ancient philosophical text in which the concept is first mentioned, T'ai Chi is the source and union of the two primary ...
T'ai Chi ch'uan: ancient and distinctive Chinese form of exercise or attack and defense. As exercise, T 'ai Chi ch'uan is designed to provide relaxation in the process of body-conditioning exercise and is drawn from the principles of T'ai Chi, notably including the ...
T'ai Hsu: Chinese Buddhist monk and philosopher.
T'ai, Lake: large lake between Chekiang and Kiangsu provinces, China. Roughly crescent-shaped, it is 45 miles (70 km) from north to south and about 37 miles (59 km) from east to west; its total surface area is about 850 square miles (2,200 ...
T'ai, Mount: principal peak of the range of the T'ai Shan (mountains); it lies to the north of T'ai-an city in Shantung Province, China. The T'ai range consists of a much shattered fault block, mostly composed of archaic crystalline shales and granites ...
T'ai-chou: city in Kiangsu sheng (province), China. T'ai-chou is situated about 30 miles (50 km) east of the city of Yang-chou on the T'ung-yang Canal, which joins it to Yang-chou (west), to the city of Nan-t'ung (southeast), and to the coastal ...
T'ai-chung: hsien (county), west-central Taiwan. It is bordered by the hsiens of Miao-li (north), I-lan and Hua-lien (east), and Chang-hua and Nan-t'ou (south) and by the Taiwan Strait (west). Northern extensions of the Chung-yang Mountain Range rise to elevations between 8,000 ...
T'ai-chung: shih (municipality), west-central Taiwan, since 1959 the seat of the provincial administration of Taiwan province. T'ai-chung grew in the early 19th century as the collecting centre for a fertile agricultural basin situated between the low west-coast uplands and the central ...
T'ai-hang Mountains: range stretching some 250 miles (400 km) from north to south and forming the provincial boundary between Shansi and Hopeh provinces, China. Sometimes misnamed the T'ai-hsing Range by Western writers, the T'ai-hang forms the boundary between the North China Plain ...
T'ai-nan: hsien (county), southwestern Taiwan, with an area of 778 square miles (2,016 square km). It is bordered by Chia-i hsien (north), by Kao-hsiung hsien (southeast), and by T'ai-nan shih (municipality) and the Taiwan Strait (west). In the mid-17th century, what ...
T'ai-nan: shih (municipality), southwestern Taiwan, with an area of 68 square miles (176 square km). It is one of the oldest urban settlements on the island. The Han Chinese settled there as early as 1590 (some sources say earlier), when it ...
T'ai-pei: northernmost hsien (county), Taiwan, occupying an area of 792 square miles (2,051 square km). It is bordered by I-lan hsien (southeast), T'ao-yuan hsien (southwest), and the East China Sea (north). Taipei (q.v.) shih (municipality) and Chi-lung (Keelung) shih, administratively independent ...
T'ai-tsu: leader of the nomadic Juchen tribes who occupied north and east Manchuria. He founded the Chin, or Juchen, dynasty (1115-1234) and conquered all of North China. The Juchen were originally vassals of the Mongol-speaking Khitan tribes who had occupied part ...
T'ai-tsu: Chinese emperor (960-976), military leader, and statesman who founded the Sung dynasty (960-1279). He began the reunification of China, a project largely completed by his younger brother and successor, T'ai-tsung.
T'ai-tsung: Chinese ruler, the second emperor (626-649) of the T'ang dynasty (618-907) and second son of the dynastic founder, Kao-tsu.
T'ai-tsung: second emperor of the Sung dynasty (960-1279) and brother of the first emperor, T'ai-tsu. He completed consolidation of the dynasty. When T'ai-tsu died in 976, the throne was passed to T'ai-tsung, rather than to the first emperor's infant son, presumably ...
T'ai-tung: coastal shih (municipality) and seat, T'ai-tung hsien (county), southeastern Taiwan, on the southern bank of the Pei-nan River, 58 miles (94 km) northeast of Kao-hsiung.
T'ai-tung: hsien (county), southeastern Taiwan. It is bordered by the hsiens of Hua-lien (north) and Kao-hsiung and P'ing-tung (southwest) and by the Philippine Sea (east). Thickly forested southeastern slopes of the Chung-yang Range extend over most of the area; Kuan Mountain, ...
T'ai-yuan: city and capital of Shansi sheng (province), China. T'ai-yuan, one of the greatest industrial cities in China, lies on the Fen River in the north of its fertile upper basin. It commands the north-south route through Shansi, as well as ...
T'aigo Wangsa: Buddhist monk, founder of the T'aigo sect of Korean Buddhism.
T'ang: Chinese emperor who overthrew the Hsia dynasty and founded the Shang dynasty (traditionally dated 1766-1122 BC; some modern scholars believe it lasted from the mid-16th to the mid-11th century BC).
T'ang Dynasty: (618-907), Chinese dynasty that succeeded the short-lived Sui dynasty and developed a successful form of government and administration on the Sui model and stimulated a cultural and artistic flowering that amounted to a golden age.
T'ang-ku: town in eastern China, on the Hai River and the Gulf of Chihli. It lies on the Tientsin-Shen-yang (Mukden) railroad and is an important shipping point. T'ang-ku is also an outport for the city of Tientsin, 30 miles (48 km) ...
T'ang-ku-la Mountains: mountain range in the Tibetan Autonomous Region, China. On the southeastern high plateau south of the mountains, there are many large salt lakes. In its eastern part the range forms the boundary between Tibet and Tsinghai province. Although many peaks ...
T'ang-shan: industrial city in eastern Hopeh sheng (province), China. Originally, T'ang-shan was a small hamlet dependent upon nearby K'ai-p'ing and located in an area where many small coal pits had been worked since the 16th century. In 1876 a Cantonese promoter ...
T'ao Hung-ching: Chinese poet, calligrapher, physician, naturalist, and the most eminent Taoist of his time.
T'ao-yuan: shih (municipality) and seat of T'ao-yuan hsien (county), northern Taiwan, situated 13 mi (21 km) southwest of Taipei city, in the northern part of the western coastal plain. Developed during the early 18th century, the city grew as an agricultural ...
T'ao-yuan: hsien (county), northern Taiwan, with an area of 471 sq mi (1,221 sq km). It is bordered by the hsiens of T'ai-pei (north), I-lan (east), and Hsin-chu (south) and by the Taiwan Strait (west). Ranges of the Hsueh-shan Shan-mo (mountain ...
T'ien: (Chinese: "Heaven"), in indigenous Chinese religion, the supreme power reigning over lesser gods and men. The term T'ien may refer to a deity, to impersonal nature, or to both.
T'ien Ming: in Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that heaven (t'ien) conferred directly upon an emperor, the Son of Heaven (T'ien tzu), the right to rule. The doctrine had its beginnings in the early Chou dynasty (c. 1122-221 BC).
T'ien-chi: 15th emperor (reigned 1620-27) of the Ming dynasty, under whose rule the infamous eunuch Wei Chung-hsien (1568-1627) dominated the government while the dynasty disintegrated.
T'ien-shui: city, southeast Kansu sheng (province), China. T'ien-shui is situated along the Wei River and was historically an important place along the great western route from Sian to Lan-chou and to Sinkiang province. This route is today followed by a highway ...
T'ien-t'ai: rationalist school of Buddhist thought that takes its name from the mountain in southeastern China where its founder and greatest exponent, Chih-i, lived and taught in the 6th century. The school was introduced into Japan in 806 by Saicho (q.v.), ...
T'ien-t'ai Mountains: mountain chain in eastern Chekiang province, China. T'ien-t'ai is also the name of a mountain in the chain. The range forms the northeastern extension of the great Hsien-hsia Mountains in southern Chekiang, which form the watershed between the Ling River ...
T'ongyong: city and port, South Kyongsang do (province), southeastern South Korea. The city was created in 1995 when Ch'ungmu city was combined with T'ongyong county. Until it was made a municipality in 1955, Ch'ungmu was called T'ongyong, deriving ...
T'u-chia: any member of a people distributed over southwestern Hunan and southwestern Hupeh provinces in China. The T'u-chia numbered about 5,940,000 in the late 20th century. Chinese is their native language, though many also understand the language of the neighbouring Miao ...
T'u-ti: (Chinese: "Place God"), type of Chinese god whose deification and functions are determined by local residents. The chief characteristic of a T'u-ti is the limitation of his jurisdiction to a single place-e.g., a bridge, a street, a temple, a public ...
T'ung-ch'eng: town in Anhwei sheng (province), eastern China. It stands on the edge of the Yangtze River floodplain, the area to the south being a maze of lakes, the largest of which is Lake Ts'ai-tzu.
T'ung-chih: emperor (reigned 1861-75) of the Ch'ing dynasty (1644-1911/12), during whose reign occurred a short revitalization of the beleaguered Ch'ing government, known as the T'ung-chih Restoration.
T'ung-hua: city, southern Kirin sheng (province), China. T'ung-hua is situated in the valley of the Hun River in the densely forested Ch'ang-pai Mountains-an area well known from early times for the manufacture of various forest products and for ginseng (a medicinal ...
T'ung-kuan: town in the extreme east of Shensi sheng (province), China. Situated on the south bank of the Huang Ho (Yellow River), just below its confluence with the Wei River where the Huang bends to the east, it is opposite the ...
T'ung-liao: town located in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous ch'u (region), China. Situated on the east bank of the Hsi-liao River, T'ung-liao was originally the centre of the Barin tala horse pastures, which were established in the 17th century under the Manchu ...
T'ung-ling: city and industrial centre located in southern Anhwei Province (sheng), China. Located on the southeast bank of the Yangtze River between An-ch'ing and Wu-hu, T'ung-ling grew into an industrial city of consequence only in the second half of the 20th ...
T4 Program: Nazi German effort-framed as a euthanasia program-to kill incurably ill, physically or mentally disabled, emotionally distraught, and elderly people. Adolf Hitler initiated this program in 1939, and, while it was officially discontinued in 1941, killings continued covertly until the military ...
Ta Yu: (Chinese: "Yu the Great"), in Chinese mythology, the Tamer of the Flood, one of China's saviour-heroes and reputed founder of China's oldest dynasty, the Hsia. One legend among many recounts Ta Yu's extraordinary birth: a man called Kun was given ...
Ta'if, Al-: city, western Saudi Arabia. Lying at an elevation of 6,165 feet (1,879 metres) on a tableland southeast of Mecca, it is the country's principal summer resort. Once the seat of the pagan goddess Allat, it is revered now as the ...
Ta'izz: city, southwestern Yemen, in the Yemen Highlands. It is one of the country's chief urban centres and a former national capital.
ta'liq script: in Arabic calligraphy, cursive style of lettering developed in Iran in the 10th century. It is thought to have been the creation of Hasan ibn Husayn 'Ali of Fars, but, because Khwajah 'Abd al-Malik Buk made such vast improvements, the ...
Ta'mim, at-: muhafazah (governorate), in northeastern Iraq, created from the northern part of Kirkuk muhafazah. It has an area of 3,729 sq mi (9,659 sq km) and encompasses the eastern part of the alluvial plain of the Tigris River and the foothills ...