Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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schizocoelomate ... Schoeck, Othmar

schizocoelomate: any invertebrate animal that possesses a schizocoel, a coelom (body cavity) formed through the splitting of the mesodermal mass, the middle germ layer in embryonic development. This type of coelom is found in mollusks and annelid worms. Schizocoelomates are thus ...
schizophrenia: any of a group of severe mental disorders that have in common such symptoms as hallucinations, delusions, blunted emotions, disordered thinking, and a withdrawal from reality. Schizophrenics display a wide array of symptoms, but four main types of schizophrenia, differing ...
Schlaak, Evelin: East German athlete who won an upset victory in the discus throw at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal. She went on to set world records in the discus and won a second Olympic gold medal at the 1980 Games ...
Schlegel, August Wilhelm von: German scholar and critic, one of the most influential disseminators of the ideas of the German Romantic movement, and the finest German translator of William Shakespeare. He was also an Orientalist and a poet.
Schlegel, Friedrich von: German writer and critic, originator of many of the philosophical ideas that inspired the early German Romantic movement. Open to every new idea, he reveals a rich store of projects and theories in his provocative Apercus and Fragmente (contributed to ...
Schlegel, Johann Elias: German author and critic (uncle of August Wilhelm and Friedrich von Schlegel), whose plays and criticism helped give the German theatre a much-needed new impetus. He was educated at the famous classical-humanist boarding school Schulpforte. After studying law in Leipzig, ...
Schleicher, August: German linguist whose work in comparative linguistics was a summation of the achievements up to his time and whose methodology provided the direction for much subsequent research. He was influenced by the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel, which he espoused during ...
Schleicher, Kurt von: German army officer, last chancellor of the Weimar Republic, an opponent of Adolf Hitler in 1932-33.
Schleiden, Matthias Jakob: German botanist, cofounder (with Theodor Schwann) of the cell theory.
Schleiermacher, Friedrich: German theologian, preacher, and classical philologist, generally recognized as the founder of modern Protestant theology. His major work, Der christliche Glaube (1821-22; 2nd ed. 1831; The Christian Faith), is a systematic interpretation of Christian dogmatics.
Schlesinger, Arthur M: American historian whose emphasis on social and urban developments greatly broadened approaches to U.S. history.
Schlesinger, Arthur M, Jr.: American historian, educator, and public official.
Schlesinger, Frank: American astronomer who pioneered in the use of photography to map stellar positions and to measure stellar parallaxes, from which the most direct determinations of distance can be made.
Schlesinger, John: English film director known for a wide variety of sensitively told stories set in his homeland and in America.
Schleswig: historic and cultural region occupying the southern Jutland Peninsula north of the Eider River and now encompassing the northern half of Schleswig-Holstein Land (state) in northern Germany and Sonderjylland amtskommune (county commune) in southern Denmark. Schleswig became a Danish duchy ...
Schleswig: city, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northern Germany. The city forms a semicircle around the head of the Schlei, a narrow inlet of the Baltic Sea that affords access to small vessels, northwest of Kiel. First mentioned in 804-808 ...
Schleswig faience: tin-glazed earthenware made from 1755 to 1814 at the town of Schleswig in the Danish duchy of Schleswig (now the Land [state] of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany). The faience factory was set up by Johann Christian Ludwig von Lucke, a German ...
Schleswig-Holstein: the most northwesterly Land (state) of Germany, with an area of 6,073 square miles (15,729 square km). Schleswig-Holstein extends from the lower course of the Elbe River and the Land of Hamburg northward to Denmark, and thus occupies the southern ...
Schlick, Moritz: German logical empiricist philosopher and a leader of the European school of positivist philosophers known as the Vienna Circle.
Schlieffen, Alfred, Graf von: (count of) German officer and head of the general staff who developed the plan of attack (Schlieffen Plan) that the German armies used, with significant modifications, at the outbreak of World War I.
Schliemann, Heinrich: German archaeologist and excavator of Troy, Mycenae, and Tiryns; he is often considered to be the modern discoverer of prehistoric Greece.
Schlondorff, Volker: motion-picture director, member of the postwar cinema movement in West Germany.
Schlosser, Friedrich: historian and teacher whose universal histories stressing a moralistic and judgmental approach to the past were the most popular historical works in Germany before the rise of Leopold von Ranke and his demands for more scientific standards of scholarship.
Schlumberger, Conrad and Marcel: German brothers, geophysicists and petroleum engineers noted for their invention, in 1927, of a method of continuous electric logging of boreholes.
Schlumbergera: cactus genus of three species, family Cactaceae, native to Brazil, grown for its striking elongated flowers, unique in the family and adapted to pollination by hummingbirds. All grow perched on trees or shrubs, sometimes in shady places among rocks.
Schluter, Andreas: sculptor and architect, the first important master of the late Baroque style in Germany, noted for infusing the bravura style of Baroque sculpture with a tense, personal quality.
Schmalkaldic Articles: one of the confessions of faith of Lutheranism, written by Martin Luther in 1536. The articles were prepared as the result of a bull issued by Pope Paul III calling for a general council of the Roman Catholic Church to ...
Schmalkaldic League: during the Reformation, a defensive alliance formed by Protestant territories of the Holy Roman Empire to defend themselves collectively against any attempt to enforce the recess of the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, which gave the Protestant territories a deadline ...
Schmeling, Max: German heavyweight boxer who, from June 12, 1930, when Jack Sharkey lost to him by disqualification, until June 21, 1932, when he was outpointed by Sharkey in 15 rounds, held the world heavyweight boxing title, the first European to do ...
Schmidt telescope: telescope in which a spherical primary mirror receives light that has passed through a thin aspherical lens, called a correcting plate, that compensates for the image distortions-namely, spherical aberrations-produced by the mirror. The Schmidt telescope is thus a catadioptric telescope; ...
Schmidt, Arno: novelist, translator, and critic, whose experimental prose established him as the preeminent Modernist of 20th-century German literature. With roots in both German Romanticism and Expressionism, he attempted to develop modern prose forms that correspond more closely to the workings of ...
Schmidt, Bernhard Voldemar: optical instrument maker who invented the telescope named for him, an instrument widely used to photograph large sections of the sky because of its large field of view and its fine image definition.
Schmidt, Helmut: Social Democratic politician and publisher of the influential weekly Die Zeit who was chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982.
Schmidt, Maarten: Dutch-born American astronomer whose identification of the wavelengths of the radiation emitted by quasars (quasi-stellar objects) led to the theory that they may be among the most distant, as well as the oldest, objects ever observed.
Schmidt, Mike: American professional baseball player, one of the finest all-around third basemen in history. He spent his entire career with the National League Philadelphia Phillies.
Schmidt, Wilhelm: German anthropologist and Roman Catholic priest who led the influential cultural-historical European school of ethnology. He was a member of the Society of the Divine Word missionary order.
Schmidt-Rottluff, Karl: German painter and printmaker who was noted for his Expressionist landscapes and nudes.
Schmucker, S.S.: theologian and educator who was a principal exponent of the American Lutheran movement, which sought to create a particularly American expression of Lutheranism.
Schnabel, Artur: Austrian pianist and teacher whose performances and recordings made him a legend in his own time and a model of scholarly musicianship to all later pianists.
schnauzer: any of three breeds of dogs-the standard, miniature, and giant schnauzers-developed in Germany. The standard, or medium-sized, schnauzer is the stock from which the other two breeds were derived. It is shown in paintings and in a statue dating from ...
Schneider, Eugene: one of the great industrialists of the 19th century and a prominent figure in French politics.
Schneider, Hannes: Austrian-born ski instructor who developed what came to be called the Arlberg technique, based on the snowplow, stem, and stem Christiania turns. He helped popularize skiing in the United States.
Schneider, Vreni: Swiss Alpine skier who was the dominant female skier of her generation and one of the greatest skiers in the history of the slalom and giant slalom events. During her career in the Winter Olympics, she accumulated more gold medals ...
Schneirla, Theodore Christian: American animal psychologist who performed some of the first studies on the behaviour patterns of army ants.
Schnitger, Arp: one of the most skilled organ builders of the Baroque era, whose fine instruments inspired composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach.
Schnittke, Alfred: postmodernist Russian composer who created serious, dark-toned musical works characterized by abrupt juxtapositions of radically different, often contradictory, styles, an approach that came to be known as "polystylism."
Schnitzler, Arthur: Austrian playwright and novelist known for his psychological dramas that dissect turn-of-the-century Viennese bourgeois life.
Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Julius: painter and designer who figured importantly in the German Nazarene movement.
Schnorr von Carolsfeld, Ludwig: German tenor, known for his Wagnerian roles.
Schober, Johann: police official who was twice prime minister of Austria (1921-22 and 1929-30). He established friendly relations with the Czechoslovak republic but was unable to negotiate a union between Austria and Germany.
Schoeck, Othmar: Swiss musician, one of the principal composers of lieder of his time.