Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Santalales ... Sao Carlos

Santalales: the sandalwood order of flowering plants. It is a miscellaneous collection of plants that has been variously classified to include as few as 5 or as many as 21 families. About 10 families are generally considered to be members of ...
Santana: American musical group whose use of salsa and mambo-style percussion exposed a wide rock audience to traditional Latin American music. The original members were Carlos Santana (b. July 20, 1947, Autlan de Navarro, Mexico, ), Gregg Rolie (b. June 17, ...
Santana do Livramento: city, southwestern Rio Grande do Sul estado ("state"), southern Brazil, lying at 689 feet (210 m) above sea level in the Santana Hills across from Rivera, Uruguay. It was founded in 1833 and given city status in 1876. The economy ...
Santander: departamento, north-central Colombia, occupying the Magdalena River valley and the Andean Cordillera Oriental. Established in 1886, it occupies an area of 11,790 square miles (30,537 square km). It is the principal petroleum-producing departamento of Colombia, with production centring on Barrancabermeja. ...
Santander: port city and capital of Cantabria provincia (province) and the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of Cantabria, northern Spain. It is situated on the narrow coastline along the southern shore of Cape Mayor, a rocky ...
Santander, Francisco de Paula: soldier and statesman who fought beside Simon Bolivar in the war for South American independence and who served as president of the newly formed New Granada (Colombia) from 1833 until 1837.
Santarem: city, west-central Para estado (state), northern Brazil. It is situated on the right bank of the Tapajos River, near its confluence with the Amazon River. Santarem was founded in 1661 as a Jesuit mission to a Tapajo ...
Santarem: city, central Portugal. It lies along the Tagus (Portuguese: Tejo) River, 47 miles (76 km) northeast of Lisbon.
Santareno, Bernardo: poet and dramatist, considered one of Portugal's leading 20th-century playwrights.
Santayana, George: Spanish-American philosopher, poet, and humanist who made important contributions to aesthetics, speculative philosophy, and literary criticism. From 1912 he resided in Europe, chiefly in France and Italy.
Santee: a major division of the Sioux (q.v.) confederation of American Indians.
Santee-Wateree-Catawba river system: inland waterway 538 miles (866 km) long, in the southeastern United States, rising as the Catawba River in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina. The Catawba flows east and then south into South Carolina to Great Falls, a ...
Santeria: religious tradition of African origin that came to Cuba in the late 18th and early 19th centuries with the Yoruba (of modern Nigeria and Benin), who were brought to work as slaves on sugar plantations. By masking their deities with ...
Santhal: tribal people of eastern India, numbering about 5,380,000 in the late 20th century. Their greatest concentration is in the states of Bihar, West Bengal, and Orissa. Some 65,000 also live in Bangladesh and 10,000 in Nepal. Their language is Santhali, ...
Santiago: city, western Panama, in the Pacific lowlands north of Puerto Mutis, its port on the Gulf of Montijo. One of the oldest settlements in Panama, the city flourished in the colonial era, and many fine old buildings remain. It is ...
Santiago: city, La Coruna provincia, capital of the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Galicia, northwestern Spain, near the confluence of the Sar and Sarela rivers, 32 miles (51 km) southwest of La Coruna city. Santiago is the Spanish for St. James, ...
Santiago: region metropolitana, central Chile, bordering Argentina on the east, Valparaiso region on the north and west, and O'Higgins region on the south. Santiago, created a province in 1826 and a metropolitan region in 1974, is divided into the provinces of ...
Santiago: capital of Chile and of the region metropolitana of Santiago. It lies on the canalized Mapocho River, in view of high Andean peaks to the east.
Santiago de Cuba: city, capital of Santiago de Cuba provincia, eastern Cuba. The second largest city in Cuba, it nestles in a valley of the Sierra Maestra that is pierced by a pouch-shaped bay. The bay's entrance, cutting into high bluffs that rise ...
Santiago de Cuba: provincia, southern Cuba, bounded on the west by the province of Granma, on the north by Holguin, on the east by Guantanamo, and on the south by the Caribbean Sea. It was part of former Oriente province until 1976.
Santiago de los Caballeros: city, northern Dominican Republic. It is situated on the Yaque del Norte River, in the heart of the fertile Cibao Valley. Whether founded in 1494 by Christopher Columbus (as some historians claim) or in 1495 by his brother Bartolomeo, Santiago ...
Santiago de Surco: community and district, southeastern Lima-Callao metropolitan area, Peru. Created in about 1824 (reorganized 1893 and 1929), it stretches eastward from the Rio Surco to the foothills of the Andes and is bisected from north to south by the Pan-American Highway. ...
Santiago del Estero: city, capital of Santiago del Estero provincia (province), northwestern Argentina, and the oldest continuous settlement in the country. It was founded in 1553 by Spaniards coming from Peru, led by Francisco de Aguirre, and it was moved ...
Santiago del Estero: provincia (province), north-central Argentina. It is located mostly at the southwestern margins of the vast Gran Chaco lowland plains, but it also extends onto the Andean piedmont in the far west. The province has a dry, subtropical ...
Santiago Rodriguez: city, capital of Santiago Rodriguez province, northwestern Dominican Republic, on the northern slopes of the Cordillera Central. It was called Sabaneta until 1936, and it was named capital of the newly created province in 1951.
Santiago Rodriguez: province, northwestern Dominican Republic, occupying the northern slopes and foothills of the Cordillera Central. It was created in 1951 from Montecristi province, with an area of 394 sq mi (1,020 sq km). It is drained by several tributaries of the ...
Santiago, Battle of: (June-July 1898), concluding engagement fought near Santiago de Cuba in the Spanish-American War, in which U.S. successes on land and sea resulted in final victory over the Spaniards.
Santiago, Order of: Christian military-religious order of knights founded about 1160 in Spain for the purpose of fighting Spanish Muslims and of protecting pilgrims on their way to the shrine of Santiago de Compostela. Originally called the Order of Caceres, after the city ...
Santiago, Rio Grande de: river in Jalisco and Nayarit estados ("states"), west-central Mexico. It flows out of Lake Chapala near Ocotlan and is sometimes considered an extension of the Lerma River (q.v.), which enters the lake near La Barca. The Santiago flows generally northward ...
Santillana, Inigo Lopez de Mendoza, marques de: (marquess of) Spanish poet and Humanist who was one of the great literary and political figures of his time. As lord of the vast Mendoza estates, he led the nobles in a war against King John II of Castile and ...
Santiniketan: former town, now part of Bolpur town, Birbhum district, West Bengal state, northeastern India. Santiniketan (Sanskrit: The Abode of Peace) began as Santiniketan Asram, a meditation centre founded and endowed in 1863 by Maharishi Debendranath, the father of the world-famous ...
Santipur: city, eastern West Bengal state, northeastern India, just north of the Hooghly River, about 55 miles (90 km) north of Kolkata (Calcutta). It was the centre of large factories under the British East India Company, and Santipur hand-woven muslins had ...
Santiraksita: Indian Buddhist teacher and saint who was instrumental in the development of Tibetan Buddhism.
Santo Andre: city, southeastern Sao Paulo estado ("state"), Brazil. It lies along the Tamanduatei River at 2,438 feet (743 m) above sea level. Santo Andre is part of the Sao Paulo (southeastern) metropolitan area. The original colonial settlement became a town in ...
Santo Angelo: city, northwestern Rio Grande do Sul estado ("state"), southern Brazil. It lies near the Ijui River, at 1,004 feet (306 m) above sea level. It was founded in 1707. Santo Angelo is the trade and transportation centre for a largely ...
Santo Antao Island: northwesternmost island of Cape Verde in the Atlantic Ocean, about 400 miles (640 km) off the western African coast. It has an area of 301 square miles (779 square km) and rises to Tope de Coroa (6,491 feet [1,979 m]). ...
Santo Domingo: capital of the Dominican Republic and the oldest permanent city established by Europeans in the Western Hemisphere. It is situated on the southeast coast of the island of Hispaniola, at the mouth of the Ozama River. Santo Domingo was founded ...
Santo Tomas de Castilla: port, northeastern Guatemala. It lies on Amatique Bay off the Gulf of Honduras and is administratively a part of Puerto Barrios. Santo Tomas was settled originally by Belgians in the 19th century; although the name was changed officially to Matias ...
Santonian Stage: the fourth of six main divisions (in ascending order) of the Upper Cretaceous Series, representing all rocks worldwide that were deposited during the Santonian Age (87.5 to 84 million years ago). The stage's name derives from the town of Saintes ...
Santorio Santorio: Italian physician who was the first to employ instruments of precision in the practice of medicine, and whose studies of basal metabolism introduced quantitative experimental procedure into medical research.
Santos: port city, southeastern Sao Paulo estado (state), southeastern Brazil. It occupies an alluvial plain on the inner side of Sao Vicente Island, cut off from the mainland by a tidal channel. The city lies only a few ...
Santos Montejo, Eduardo: prominent Latin American journalist, president of Colombia, 1938-42.
Santos, Lucia dos: Portugese shepherd girl, later a Carmelite nun, who claimed she saw visions of the Virgin Mary in 1917 at Fatima, Portugal, which subsequently became one of the most famous Marian shrines in the world.
Santos-Dumont, Alberto: Brazilian aviation pioneer who in 1909 produced his famous "Demoiselle" or "Grasshopper" monoplanes, the forerunners of the modern light plane.
Sanudo, Marino: Venetian historian whose Diarii is an invaluable source for the history of his period. In his enthusiasm for historical and classical learning, Sanudo collected a notable library of manuscripts, rare books, maps, and ethnographical drawings.
Sanusi, as-: in full Sidi Muhammad Ibn 'ali As-sanusi Al-mujahiri Al-hasani Al-idrisi North African Islamic theologian who founded a militant mystical movement, the Sanusiyah, which helped Libya win its independence in the 20th century.
Sanusiyah: a Muslim Sufi (mystic) brotherhood established in 1837 by Sidi Muhammad ibn 'Ali as-Sanusi. In modern history, the head of the Sanusi brotherhood was king of the federal kingdom of Libya from its creation in 1951 until it was superseded ...
Sanwa Bank: former Japanese commercial bank that became part of UFJ Holdings in 2001 through its merger with Asahi Bank and Tokai Bank. Sanwa was established in 1933 by the merger of Konoike Bank Ltd. (established 1877), Yamaguchi Bank Ltd. (1879), and ...
Sao Bernardo do Campo: city, southeastern Sao Paulo estado (state), southern Brazil. It is located on a tributary of the Tiete River at 2,506 feet (764 metres) above sea level, part of the southern Sao Paulo metropolitan area. Formerly known as ...
Sao Caetano do Sul: city, southeastern Sao Paulo estado (state), southeastern Brazil, situated near the Tamanduatei River at 2,418 feet (737 metres) above sea level. It was founded in 1631 by Benedictine monks.
Sao Carlos: city, in the highlands of eastern Sao Paulo estado (state), southeastern Brazil. It is located at 2,903 feet (885 metres) above sea level on Monjolinho Stream, a tributary of the Jacare Guacu River. Formerly known as Sao ...