Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Santa Barbara ... Santalaceae

Santa Barbara: town, northwestern Honduras. It lies in the hot lowlands near the Ulua River and west of Lake Yojoa. It was founded in 1761 by settlers from Gracias. Santa Barbara is a commercial centre. The raising of livestock and the cultivation ...
Santa Catalina Island: one of the Channel Islands, 22 miles (35 km) off the Pacific coast of California, U.S. The largest of the Santa Catalina group of the Channel Islands, it is 22 miles long and 8 miles (13 km) across at its ...
Santa Catarina: southern coastal estado (state) of Brazil, bounded to the north by the state of Parana, to the south by the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by Misiones province ...
Santa Clara: city, capital of Villa Clara provincia, central Cuba. It lies at 367 feet (112 m) above sea level amid hills of coral rock. Founded in 1689 by families fleeing constant pirate threats in coastal Remedios, Santa Clara occupies the site ...
Santa Clara: city, Santa Clara county, west-central California, U.S. It lies along the Guadalupe River in the Santa Clara Valley, about 48 miles (77 km) southeast of San Francisco and immediately adjacent to San Jose on the southeast. The original settlement grew ...
Santa Clara University: private coeducational institution of higher learning in Santa Clara, California, U.S., affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church. It offers a variety of undergraduate programs as well as graduate and professional degrees in law, business, engineering, education, ...
Santa Clarita: city, Los Angeles county, southern California, U.S. Situated along the Santa Clara River in the Santa Clarita valley between the San Gabriel and Santa Susana mountains, it lies 35 miles (55 km) northwest of central Los Angeles. It consists of ...
Santa Claus: legendary figure who is the traditional patron of Christmas in the United States and other countries, bringing gifts to children. His popular image is based on traditions associated with Saint Nicholas, a 4th-century Christian saint. Father Christmas fills the role ...
Santa Claus: town, Spencer county, southwestern Indiana, U.S. It lies 38 miles (61 km) east-northeast of Evansville. Laid out in 1846, it was jocularly called Santa Claus after the preferred name, Santa Fe, was found to be that of another Indiana community ...
Santa Coloma de Gramanet: city, Barcelona provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Catalonia, northeastern Spain. The city, a northern industrial suburb of Barcelona, produces metallurgical goods, textiles, chemicals, bicycles, and paper. Nearby is the Torre Pallaresa, ...
Santa Croce: church of the Franciscans in Florence, one of the finest examples of Italian Gothic architecture. It was begun in 1294, possibly designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, and was finished in 1442, with the exception of the 19th-century Gothic Revival facade ...
Santa Cruz: city, east-central Bolivia, situated in the hot, tropical lowlands at 1,365 feet (416 metres) above sea level. Founded by Spaniards from Paraguay in 1561 at what is now San Jose de Chiquitos, it was attacked repeatedly by Indians until 1595, ...
Santa Cruz: city, seat (1850) of Santa Cruz county, west-central California, U.S. It lies on the north shore of Monterey Bay, at the foot of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and is about 80 miles (130 km) south of San Francisco. The area ...
Santa Cruz: provincia, southern Argentina, lying within the region known as Patagonia and extending westward from the Atlantic Ocean to the Andean cordillera on the Chilean frontier. It is sparsely inhabited.
Santa Cruz de Tenerife: provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of the Canary Islands, Spain. It consists of the western members of the Canary Islands, specifically Tenerife, La Palma, Gomera, and Ferro islands. The port city ...
Santa Cruz de Tenerife: port city, capital of the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands and of Santa Cruz de Tenerife provincia (province), in the comunidad autonoma (autonomous community) of the Canary Islands, Spain. The city occupies ...
Santa Cruz del Quiche: town, northwestern Guatemala. It lies in the southwestern Chuacus Mountains at an elevation of 6,631 feet (2,021 metres) above sea level. The town functions as a market centre for the Indian villages in the vicinity. Corn (maize), beans, and livestock ...
Santa Cruz Island: second largest of the Galapagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 600 miles (965 km) west of Ecuador. It is roughly circular in shape, has a central volcanic crater that rises to 2,300 feet (700 metres), and covers an ...
Santa Cruz Islands: volcanic group in the Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 345 miles (555 km) east of Guadalcanal. The main islands are Nendo (also called Ndeni, or Santa Cruz Island), Utupua, Vanikoro, and Tinakula. The largest island, Nendo, is 25 miles (40 ...
Santa Cruz, Alvaro de Bazan, Marques de: (Marquess of) the foremost Spanish naval commander of his day. He was prominent in many successful naval engagements in a century that saw Spain rise to the zenith of its power and was the first proponent and planner of the ...
Santa Elena Peninsula: peninsula in western Ecuador that is the northernmost extension of the west-coast desert of South America. It is bounded by the Gulf of Guayaquil on the south and by Santa Elena Bay on the north. It is an arid region, ...
Santa Eugenia de Riveira: city, La Coruna provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Galicia, northwestern Spain. The city is the chief centre of Riveira (Ribeira) municipality. It lies on the Arosa Inlet across the inlet from Villagarcia de Arosa, in the coastal ...
Santa Fe: capital of New Mexico, U.S., and seat (1852) of Santa Fe county, in the north-central part of the state, on the Santa Fe River. It lies in the northern Rio Grande valley at 6,996 feet (2,132 metres) above sea level, ...
Santa Fe: city, capital of Santa Fe provincia, northeastern Argentina. It lies on a channel of the Parana River, at the mouth of the Salado River, opposite the city of Parana. It was founded in 1573 as Santa Fe de Vera Cruz ...
Santa Fe: county, a scenic area of northern New Mexico, U.S. The northeastern portion is in the Sangre de Cristo range of the Southern Rocky Mountains, featuring Santa Fe Baldy and Lake Peak, both more than 12,000 feet (3,650 m) in elevation. ...
Santa Fe: provincia (province) of lowland plains, northeastern Argentina, bounded to the east by the Parana River. Much of the province lies within the northern reaches of the Pampa, but, in the subtropical northeast it has marshes, tall savannas, ...
Santa Fe Island: one of the Galapagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 600 mi (965 km) west of Ecuador. Situated halfway between San Cristobal and Santa Cruz islands, it is south of the vortex of the archipelago, is dotted with small ...
Santa Fe Trail: in U.S. history, famed wagon trail from Independence, Mo., to Santa Fe, N.M., an important commercial route (1821-80). Opened by William Becknell, a trader, the trail was used by merchant wagon caravans travelling in parallel columns, which, when Indians attacked, ...
Santa Gertrudis: breed of beef cattle developed in the 20th century by the King Ranch in Texas. It originally resulted from crossing Brahman bulls of about seven-eighths pure breeding and purebred Shorthorn cows. Over a period of years beginning with first crosses ...
Santa Hermandad: constabulary created in the late 15th century by the Catholic Monarchs (Ferdinand and Isabella) to maintain law and order throughout Spain. See hermandad.
Santa Isabel: island in the central Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Guadalcanal. About 130 miles (209 km) long and 20 miles (32 km) across at its widest point, it has a mountainous backbone with Mount Marescot ...
Santa Lucia Range: segment of the Coast Ranges (see Pacific mountain system), west-central California, U.S. The rugged range extends southeastward for about 140 miles (225 km) from Carmel Bay to the Cuyama River in Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties. Lowest in the ...
Santa Luzia Island: island of Cape Verde, in the Atlantic Ocean, about 400 mi (640 km) off the West African coast between the islands of Sao Nicolau and Sao Vicente. It has an area of 14 sq mi (35 sq km) and rises ...
Santa Maria: Christopher Columbus' flagship on his first voyage to America. About 117 feet (36 metres) long, the "Santa Maria" had a deck, three masts, and forecastle and sterncastle and was armed with bombards that fired granite balls. She performed well in ...
Santa Maria: city, central Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil, lying in the Jacui River valley at an elevation of 502 feet (153 metres). Founded in 1797, it was given city status in 1876. The community was once called Santa Maria ...
Santa Maria: largest island of the Banks Islands in Vanuatu, southwest Pacific Ocean. The island, with an area of 132 sq mi (342 sq km), is rugged and rises to Mt. Gharat, an active volcano (2,615 ft [797 m]) that contains a ...
Santa Maria dei Frari: Franciscan church in Venice, originally built in the mid-13th century but rebuilt in Gothic style in the 15th century. This important example of Venetian Gothic ecclesiastical architecture (often referred to simply as the Frari) contains many masterpieces of Venetian Renaissance ...
Santa Maria Island: one of the southernmost Galapagos Islands, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 600 miles (965 km) west of Ecuador. Originally named for the British king Charles II, it is also known as Isla Floreana, but the official Ecuadorian name is ...
Santa Maria Island: southeasternmost island of the Azores archipelago (a part of Portugal), in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has an area of 37 square miles (97 square km). Its economy is based chiefly on fishing and cattle raising, and cereals and vines ...
Santa Maria Novella: Italian Gothic-style church of the Dominicans in Florence. It was planned by two Dominican brothers, Sisto and Ristoro, and construction began c. 1278 and was completed in 1350, except for the facade, which was completed by Leon Battista Alberti in ...
Santa Marta: city, northern Colombia. It is situated on a small bay of the Caribbean Sea, 40 miles (64 km) east-northeast of the mouth of the Magdalena River, to which it is connected by swampy channels and lakes. Founded in 1525, it ...
Santa Marta Mountains: Andean mountain range, northern Colombia, bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea and encircled on three sides by the coastal lowlands. The volcanic massif rises abruptly from the coast, culminating in snowcapped Pico (peak) Cristobal Colon (18,947 ft [5,775 ...
Santa Monica: city, Los Angeles county, southern California, U.S. Lying on Santa Monica Bay, it is surrounded by the city of Los Angeles. Santa Monica was laid out in 1875 by Senator John P. Jones and named for Las Lagrimas de Santa ...
Santa River: river in Ancash department, west central Peru, rising in the snowcapped Nevado de Tuco in the Andean Cordillera Blanca and flowing into Aguash and Conococha lakes. From the latter it emerges as the Santa River; it then flows northwest, descending ...
Santa Rosa: department, southern Guatemala, bounded on the south by the Pacific Ocean. In the highlands of the department, which has an area of 1,141 sq mi (2,955 sq km), farmers raise corn (maize) and beans, and there are coffee plantations. In ...
Santa Rosa: city, seat (1854) of Sonoma county, western California, U.S. It is situated on Santa Rosa Creek, at the foot of the Sonoma Mountains, 50 miles (80 km) north-northwest of San Francisco. Founded in 1833 by Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo and named ...
Santa Rosa: city, capital of La Pampa provincia (province), central Argentina. Founded in 1892, the city developed as an agricultural centre processing grain (wheat) and cattle from the eastern part of the province. It has a regional museum of ...
Santa Rosa de Cabal: city, Risaralda department, west central Colombia, on the western slopes of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Central. It is a commercial and manufacturing centre for the fertile agricultural and pastoral hinterland. Silkworms are raised in the vicinity, and there are silver, ...
Santa Rosa de Copan: city, northwestern Honduras. It is located in the highlands at 3,806 feet (1,160 metres) above sea level, near the Alash Higuito River, a tributary of the Mejocote. It was founded in the 18th century and was called Los Llanos until ...
Santa-Clara: cape situated on the Atlantic coast of northwestern Gabon, Africa. Extending south from the larger peninsula that separates the Gabon estuary from Corisco Bay, the cape juts into the mouth of the estuary. Santa-Clara is located 12 miles (20 km) ...
Santalaceae: the sandalwood family (order Santalales), which includes about 36 genera and more than 400 species of semiparasitic shrubs, herbs, and trees, distributed in tropical and temperate regions. In some genera the unlobed, usually alternate leaves are reduced to scalelike structures. ...