| Shabbetaianism ... Shafi'i, Abu 'Abd Allah ash- |
| | - Shabbetaianism
- (from the article "Judaism") For 60 years after the death of Luria, his version of the Kabbala, together with accretions from the other mysticisms of Safed, spread through the Jewish Diaspora and deeply permeated its spiritual life, liturgy, and devotional practices. It emphasized the ...
- Shabestari, Sa'd od-Din Mahmud
- Persian mystic whose poetic work Golshan-e raz (The Mystic Rose Garden) became a classic document of Sufism (Islamic mysticism). [1 Related Articles]
- Shabonee
- Potawatomi Indian chief, hero of a Paul Revere-style ride through northern Illinois in 1832, the purpose of which was to warn white settlers of an imminent Indian raid during the Black Hawk War.
- Shabtai, Ya'akov
- (from the article "Hebrew literature") ...books in which the absorption of Jewish immigrants of the Mizrahi religious Zionist movement is recounted from the immigrant's perspective. But many New Wave writers-including A.B. Yehoshua, Ya'akov Shabtai, and Amos Oz-made attempts in their early work to distance themselves ...
- shabu-shabu
- (from the article "sukiyaki") A variation of sukiyaki, called shabu-shabu, became popular after World War II. Vegetables are placed into a pot of boiling water, and strips of thin beef are swirled in the water (the word shabu-shabu is an onomatopoeia for this swirling ...
- shabunder
- in the Malay states, the official who supervised merchants, controlled the port, and collected customs duties. Although the title shabunder was of Persian-Arabic origin, the position itself existed on the Malay Peninsula prior to the coming of Islamic traders.
- Shabwah
- (from the article "Arabia, history of") ...of Oman) are the only places in Arabia where climatic conditions make production of frankincense possible, and Pliny wrote that the whole of the produce was collected at the Hadramite capital, Shabwah, on the eastern fringe of the Sayhad sands, ...
- Shachaur, Mount
- (from the article "Hindu Kush") ...farther south by the massif (principal mountain mass) of Saraghrara (24,111 feet [7,349 metres]). Another line of imposing mountains, which includes Mounts Langar (23,162 feet [7,060 metres]), Shachaur (23,346 feet [7,116 metres]), Udrem Zom (23,376 feet [7,125 metres]), and Nadir ...
- Shackleford, Harvey
- (from the article "baseball") ...has its roots in the dime novel and series book, popular in the early 20th century. Using pseudonyms, Gilbert Patten (writing as Burt L. Standish), Edward Stratemeyer (as Lester Chadwick), and Harvey Shackleford (as Hal Standish) created all-American baseball heroes ...
- Shackleton Ice Shelf
- sheet of floating ice bordering Queen Mary Coast, Antarctica, on the Indian Ocean. It was discovered and named for Ernest Shackleton, the British explorer, by Douglas Mawson's expedition, 1911-14. It lies between the main Russian Antarctic station Mirnyy and the ...
- Shackleton, Derek
- English cricketerwas one of the most accurate, consistent, and effective bowlers of the post-World War II era. He took 2,857 career wickets (average 18.65) in 647 first-class matches (with a best bowling analysis of nine wickets for 30 runs), ranking ...
- Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry
- British Antarctic explorer who attempted to reach the South Pole. [6 Related Articles]
- Shackleton, Sir Nicholas John
- British geologist (b. June 23, 1937, London, Eng.-d. Jan. 24, 2006, Cambridge, Eng.), was a pioneer in the study of paleoclimatology and in the understanding of the mechanisms behind global warming. Shackleton was an expert in paleoceanography, the analysis of ...
- shad
- any of several saltwater food fishes of the herring family (Clupeidae) that swim up rivers to spawn. Shad of the genus Alosa are rather deep bodied and have a notch in the upper jaw into which the tip of the ...
- shadblow serviceberry
- (from the article "Amelanchier") The popular ornamental species of Amelanchier include juneberry (A. alnifolia), a shrub that grows up to about 3 m (10 feet); shadblow serviceberry (A. canadensis), up to about 8 m; and Allegheny serviceberry (A. laevis), like A. canadensis but taller ...
- Shadbolt, Maurice
- New Zealander author of novels and short stories set in his native land, which he has called "a last frontier for the human race, and a paradise lost." [2 Related Articles]
- shadbush
- (from the article "Amelanchier") ...which ranges over Europe, and A. asiatica, a small tree of East Asia. A number of amelanchiers are variously called juneberry, sugarplum, serviceberry, or sarvistree. The name shadbush, or shadblow, refers to the tendency of certain species to produce their ...
- Shaddai, El
- (from the article "phylactery") The tefillin are worn in a prescribed manner so as to represent the letters shin, daleth, and yod, which taken together form the divine name Shaddai. The hand phylactery (tefillin shel yad) has one compartment with the texts written on ...
- shaddock
- (Citrus grandis), citrus tree of the family Rutaceae, reaching 6-13 m (20-43 feet) in height. Shaddock is allied to the orange and the lemon and is presumably native to Malaysia and Polynesia. The name shaddock is said to have derived ...
- shade
- (from the article "painting") ...chromatic colours. The achromatic range is made up of hues reduced in intensity by the addition of white, making the tints, or pastel colours, such as cream and pink; or of black, producing the shades, or earth colours, such as ...
- shade house
- (from the article "horticulture") Shade houses are usually walk-in structures with shading provided by lath or screening. Summer propagation is often located in shade houses to reduce excessive water loss by transpiration.
- shaded-pole motor
- (from the article "electric motor") The shaded-pole motor is provided with a main winding connected to the single-phase electric supply. In addition, it has a permanently short-circuited winding located ahead of the main winding in the direction of rotation. This second winding is known as ...
- Shadehill Dam
- (from the article "Grand River") ...North and South forks in Perkins county, northern South Dakota, U.S. The Grand River flows southeast and a little south to join the Missouri River near Mobridge after a course of 209 miles (336 km). Shadehill Dam (1950) impounds a ...
- Shadhili, ash-
- in full Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Abd Allah ash-Shadhili Sufi Muslim theologian who was the founder of the order of the Shadhiliyah. [1 Related Articles]
- Shadhili, Shaykh
- (from the article "Mocha") Mocha's founding in the 14th century is traditionally associated with the Muslim holy man Shaykh Shadhili, who is supposed to have introduced coffee drinking to Arabia. An important trade centre through the 17th century, it was regularly visited by Indian ...
- Shadhiliyah
- widespread brotherhood of Muslim mystics (Sufis), founded on the teachings of Abu al-Hasan ash-Shadhili (d. 1258) in Alexandria. Shadhili teachings stress five points: fear of God, living the sunna (practices) of the Prophet, disdain of mankind, fatalism, and turning to ... [3 Related Articles]
- shading
- (from the article "computer graphics") Visual appearance includes more than just shape and colour; texture and surface finish (e.g., matte, satin, glossy) also must be accurately modeled. The effects that these attributes have on an object's appearance depend in turn on the illumination, which may ...
- shading coil
- (from the article "electric motor") ...to the single-phase electric supply. In addition, it has a permanently short-circuited winding located ahead of the main winding in the direction of rotation. This second winding is known as a shading coil and consists of one or more shorted ...
- shadkhan
- one who undertakes to arrange a Jewish marriage. Such service was virtually indispensible during the Middle Ages when custom frowned on courtships and numerous Jewish families lived in semi-isolation in small communities. Shadkhanim were thus relied upon to gather and ...
- shadow band
- (from the article "eclipse") When totality is imminent and only a small crescent of the Sun remains, so-called shadow bands can often be seen on plain light-coloured surfaces, such as floors and walls. These are striations of light and shade, moving and undulating, several ...
- shadow clock
- (from the article "sundial") ...time of day. By the 8th century BC more precise devices were in use; the earliest known sundial still preserved is an Egyptian shadow clock of green schist dating at least from this period. The shadow clock consists of a ...
- shadow economy
- (from the article "Uzbekistan") ...urgently needed to expand its output of oil and natural gas and to improve the tax-collection rate by fighting the "shadow" economy. The population had been driven to rely on the shadow economy by Karimov's earlier restrictions on the import ...
- shadow factory
- (from the article "automotive industry") More preparation was made for using the resources of the various automotive industries as World War II approached. The British government built "shadow factories" adjacent to their automotive plants, equipped to go into military production (principally aircraft) when war came, ...
- Shadow Mountain fan
- (from the article "river") ...called modern washes, abandoned washes, and desert pavements. These different zones seem to reflect areas that are involved to a greater or lesser degree in modern fan processes. For example, on the Shadow Mountain fan in Death Valley, California, washes ...
- shadow play
- type of theatrical entertainment performed with puppets, probably originating in China and on the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali. Flat images are manipulated by the puppeteers between a bright light and a translucent screen, on the other side of ... [5 Related Articles]
- shadow price
- (from the article "price system") ...food, building shelter, etc.; and he confronted implicit costs of extending any one activity, for more food meant less of other things. The economist calls these implicit exchange ratios "shadow prices," and they appear in all areas of life in ...
- shadow puppet
- (from the article "Southeast Asian arts") It is uncertain whether the shadow theatre is indigenous to Java or was brought from India, but the wayang kulit technique of having a single seated puppeteer who manipulates puppets, sings, chants narration, and speaks dialogue seems ...
- shadow zone
- (from the article "ocean") ...in the sonar detection of submarines because the actual path of a sound wave must be known to determine a submarine's position relative to the transmitter of the sound. Refraction also produces shadow zones that sound waves do not penetrate ...
- shadow-mask tube
- (from the article "television") The sorting out of the three beams so that they produce images of only the intended primary colour is performed by a thin steel mask that lies directly behind the phosphor screen. This mask contains about 200,000 precisely located holes, ...
- shadowgraph
- (from the article "Tesla, Nikola") Tesla soon established his own laboratory, where his inventive mind could be given free rein. He experimented with shadowgraphs similar to those that later were to be used by Wilhelm Rontgen when he discovered X-rays in 1895. Tesla's countless experiments ...
- Shadows, the
- London-based instrumental rock group whose distinctive sound exerted a strong influence on young British musicians in the 1960s. The original members were Hank B. Marvin (original name Brian Robson Rankin; b. October 28, 1941, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, ... [1 Related Articles]
- Shadrafa
- ancient West Semitic benevolent deity. His name may possibly be translated as "Spirit of Healing." He was often represented as a youthful, beardless male, standing on a lion above mountains, wearing a long, trailing garment and a pointed headdress, and ...
- Shadrinsk
- city and centre of Shadrinsk rayon (sector) of Kurgan oblast (province), west-central Russia, on the Iset River and the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Founded in 1662, it was chartered in 1781 and today is a manufacturing and agricultural centre, with transport functions. ...
- shaduf
- hand-operated device for lifting water, invented in ancient times and still used in India, Egypt, and some other countries to irrigate land. Typically it consists of a long, tapering, nearly horizontal pole mounted like a seesaw. A skin or bucket ... [1 Related Articles]
- Shadwell, Thomas
- English dramatist and poet laureate, known for his broad comedies of manners and as the butt of John Dryden's satire. [2 Related Articles]
- Shafak, Elif
- (from the article "Literature") ...lukewarm critical reception in Turkey). Snow won kudos, including favourable reviews by Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood and critic Richard Eder in the New York Times. Young novelist Elif Shafak attracted wide attention in Turkey with her Araf ("Between Paradise and ...
- Shafer, Helen Almira
- American educator, noted for the improvements she made in the curriculum of Wellesley College both as mathematics chair and as school president.
- Shafer, Robert
- (from the article "Tibeto-Burman languages") Further progress in TB studies had to wait until the late 1930s, when Robert Shafer headed a project called Sino-Tibetan Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. This project assembled all the lexical material then available on TB languages, enabling ...
- Shaffer, Anthony Joshua
- British playwright and screenwriter (b. May 15, 1926, Liverpool, Eng.-d. Nov. 6, 2001, London, Eng.), delighted audiences with his ingenious comic thriller Sleuth, which played 2,359 performances in London's West End and more than 2,000 performances on Broadway, where it ...
- Shaffer, Sir Peter
- British playwright of considerable range who moved easily from farce to the portrayal of human anguish. [1 Related Articles]
- Shafi'i, Abu 'Abd Allah ash-
- Muslim legal scholar who played an important role in the formation of Islamic legal thought and was the founder of the Shafi'iyah school of law. He also made a basic contribution to religious and legal methodology with respect to the ... [5 Related Articles]
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