Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Salchow, Ulrich ... Salisbury

Salchow, Ulrich: Swedish figure skater who established a record by winning 10 world championships for men (1901-05, 1907-11-he did not compete in 1906). At the 1908 Games in London, he won the first Olympic gold medal awarded for men's figure skating.
Saldanha Bay: deep, essentially landlocked harbour of the Atlantic Ocean, situated on the southwest coast of South Africa. Named after the early 16th-century Portuguese navigator Antonio de Saldanha, the bay is both larger and safer than Table Bay, which is located 65 ...
Saldanha, Joao Carlos de Saldanha, Duke de: Portuguese military officer and statesman who was prominent in Portugal's turbulent politics for half a century.
Sale: coastal city, southeastern Victoria, Australia. It lies along the Thomson River near the latter's junction with the Macalister. Sale is the major regional centre for East Gippsland, an irrigated area of intensive farming and livestock raising. Founded in 1845, the ...
Sale: site of paleoanthropological excavation near Rabat, Morocco, known for the 1971 discovery of a cranium belonging to the human genus (Homo). Tentatively dated to 400,000 years ago, the site contained a few animal fossils, but there were no associated stone ...
Sale: old walled city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. It lies at the mouth of the Wadi Bou Regreg, opposite Rabat. Founded in the 10th century, it reached its zenith as a medieval merchant port and entrepot. After 1627 Sale-with ...
Salekhard: city and administrative centre of Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug (district), Tyumen oblast (province), Russia, in northwestern Siberia. It lies on the Poluy River at its entrance to the Ob River.
Salem: city, Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on Salem Bay Harbor (an inlet of Massachusetts Bay), 16 miles (26 km) northeast of Boston. Salem was incorporated as a town in 1626 by Roger Conant, who emigrated from Cape Ann, ...
Salem: city, seat (1851) of Dent county, southeast-central Missouri, U.S., situated in the Ozark Mountains between the Current and Meramec rivers. Established in 1845 on the site of an inn and trading post, it was named for Salem, N.C. The town ...
Salem: city, Columbiana county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Youngstown. It was settled in 1801 by Quakers from Salem, N.J., and was laid out in 1806. Before the American Civil War it was a station on the ...
Salem: town, north-central Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It is on the Tirumanimuttar River near Attur Gap between the Kalrayan and Pachamalai hills. Situated at the junction of the Bangalore, Tiruchchirappalli, and Cuddalore roads, 200 miles (332 km) southwest of Madras, ...
Salem: city, seat (1823) of Marion county, south-central Illinois, U.S. It lies about 70 miles (115 km) east of St. Louis, Missouri. It was first settled about 1811, soon after the devastating earthquake along the New Madrid Fault, and quickly became ...
Salem: capital of Oregon, U.S., and the seat (1849) of Marion county. It lies along the Willamette River, 43 miles (69 km) southwest of Portland. Methodist missionaries, led by Jason Lee, settled the site in 1840. Its Kalapuya Indian name, Chemeketa, ...
Salem: town (township), Rockingham county, southeastern New Hampshire, U.S., just west of Haverhill, Massachusetts. The town includes the communities of Salem, Salem Depot, and North Salem. Originally a part of Haverhill, it was set off in 1725 and incorporated as Methuen. ...
Salem: county, southwestern New Jersey, U.S. It comprises a coastal lowland bounded by Delaware to the west (the Delaware River constituting the border), Oldmans Creek to the north, the Maurice River to the southeast, and Stow Creek to the southwest. The ...
Salem: city, seat (1694) of Salem county, southwestern New Jersey, U.S. It lies along the Salem River near the latter's confluence with the Delaware River, 34 miles (55 km) southwest of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was established in 1675 by John Fenwick, ...
Salem witch trials: (May-October 1692), in American history, a series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted "witches" to be hanged and many other suspects to be imprisoned in the town of Salem in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Stimulated by voodoo tales ...
Salerno: city, capital of Salerno provincia, Campania regione, southern Italy. It lies west of the mouth of the Irno River on the Gulf of Salerno, southeast of Naples. The Roman colony of Salernum was founded in 197 BC on the site ...
Salerno, University of: institution of higher learning in Salerno, Italy. Much of the historic interest of the university derives from an antecedent medical school in Salerno that was the earliest and one of the greatest medical schools of the Middle Ages. In fact, ...
sales tax: levy imposed upon the sale of goods and services. A sales tax levied on the manufacture, purchase, sale, or consumption of a specific type of commodity is known as an excise tax. American terminology in this matter tends to differ ...
Salesbury, William: Welsh lexicographer and translator who is noted particularly for his Welsh-English dictionary and for translating the New Testament into Welsh.
Salesian: member of either of two Roman Catholic religious congregations, one of men and one of women, devoted to the Christian education of youth, especially the less privileged.
Salford: city and metropolitan borough in the west-central part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, historic county of Lancashire, England. It lies immediately west of the city of Manchester.
Salgado, Sebastiao: Brazilian photojournalist whose work powerfully expresses the suffering of the homeless and downtrodden.
Salghurid Dynasty: (1148-1270), Iranian dynasty that ruled in Fars in southwestern Iran as vassals of the Seljuq, Khwarezm-Shah, and Il-Khanid dynasties.
Salgotarjan: town, seat of Nograd megye (county), north-central Hungary. It lies in the Tarjan River valley near the border with Slovakia and is surrounded by hills. Industrial development, based on extensive brown-coal deposits, began in the late 19th century. The development ...
Salian Dynasty: royal and imperial line that came to power with the election of a Salian Frank, Conrad of Swabia, as German king, after the Saxon dynasty of German kings and Holy Roman emperors died out in 1024. Conrad (Conrad II) was ...
Salic Law: the code of the Salian Franks who conquered Gaul in the 5th century and the most important, although not the oldest, of all Teutonic laws (leges barbarorum). The code was issued late (c. 507-511) in the reign of Clovis, the ...
Salic Law of Succession: the rule by which, in certain sovereign dynasties, persons descended from a previous sovereign only through a woman were excluded from succession to the throne. Gradually formulated in France, the rule takes its name from the code of the Salian ...
Salicaceae: family of shrubs and trees comprising poplars and willows, order Salicales, concentrated in northern temperate areas.
Salicales: the willow order of flowering plants, belonging to the class called dicotyledon (characterized by two seed leaves). It consists of the Salicaceae family, having two genera, Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar, aspen, cottonwood), with about 320 and 30 species, respectively. ...
Saliceto, William of: physician and cleric, the outstanding European surgeon of the 13th century. His influence was felt throughout western Europe for nearly a century after his death.
salicylic acid: a white, crystalline solid that is used chiefly in the preparation of aspirin and other pharmaceutical products. The free acid occurs naturally in small amounts in many plants, particularly the various species of Spiraea. The methyl ester also occurs widely ...
Salieri, Antonio: Italian composer whose operas were acclaimed throughout Europe in the late 18th century.
Salif, as-: coastal village, western Yemen, on the Tihamah (coastal plain). It is situated in a cove of a promontory forming the southern coast of Kamaran Bay of the Red Sea and is protected by the offshore island of Kamaran, which belongs ...
Salih: in ancient Arabia, a Christian tribe that was prominent during the 5th century AD. Although the Salih originated in southern Arabia, they began moving northward about AD 400, finally settling in the area southeast of Damascus. According to tradition, the ...
Salih Ayyub, as-: last effective ruler (reigned 1239 and 1245-49) of the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt.
Salih, 'Ali 'Abd Allah: Yemeni military officer who led a coup against the government of North Yemen in 1962 and who became president in 1978; in 1990 he became president of a reunified Yemen.
Salih, at-Tayyib: Arabic-language novelist and short-story writer.
Salii: (Latin: "Dancers"), in ancient Italy, a priesthood usually associated with the worship of Mars, the god of war. Chapters of the priesthood existed in Rome and in other central Italian cities. The Salii, who were all born patricians, were usually ...
Salimbene Di Adam: Italian Franciscan friar and historian whose Cronica is an important source for the history of Italy and, to a lesser extent, France, in the 13th century.
Salimiyah: school of Muslim theologians founded by the Muslim scholar and mystic Sahl at-Tustari (d. AD 896). The school was named after one of his disciples, Muhammad ibn Salim (d. AD 909). Even though the Salimiyah were not a Sufi (mystic) ...
Salina: city, seat (1859) of Saline county, central Kansas, U.S. It lies on the Smoky Hill River. Founded in 1858 by an antislavery group headed by William A. Phillips, it was named for the Saline River, which enters the Smoky Hill ...
Salina Island: second largest of the Eolie Islands (Lipari Islands), in the Tyrrhenian Sea (of the Mediterranean) off northeastern Sicily. It has an area of 10 square miles (26 square km) and is administered as part of Messina provincia, Sicily, Italy.
Salinas: city, seat (1872) of Monterey county, western California, U.S. It lies in the Salinas Valley just east of Monterey Bay. The site, at a crossroads on El Camino Real (the old Spanish trail between San Diego and San Francisco), was ...
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos: economist and government official who was president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994.
Salinas y Serrano, Pedro: Spanish poet, scholar, dramatist, and essayist who was one of the outstanding writers of the Generation of 1927, an influential group of poets that included Jorge Guillen and Federico Garcia Lorca.
Salinger, J D: U.S. writer whose novel The Catcher in the Rye (1951) won critical acclaim and devoted admirers, especially among the post-World War II generation of college students. His entire corpus of published works consists of that one novel and 13 short ...
salinometer: device used to measure the salinity of a solution. It is frequently a hydrometer that is specially calibrated to read out the percentage of salt in a solution.
Salis, Johann Gaudenz, count von Salis-Seewis: Swiss poet whose work is tender and sometimes elegiac, celebrating friendship, humanity, and the serenity of nature.
Salisbury: city, seat (1867) of Wicomico county, southeastern Maryland, U.S., at the head of the Wicomico River in the south-central part of the Delmarva Peninsula, south of the Delaware state line. It was established in 1732 and named for the English ...