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Encyclopedias since 1768

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S Doradus ... Sabato, Ernesto

S Doradus: variable supergiant star in the Large Magellanic Cloud (the latter is one of two galactic companions to the Milky Way Galaxy). S Doradus (and the Large Magellanic Cloud) is visible to viewers in the Southern Hemisphere in the constellation Dorado. ...
s Hertogenbosch: capital, Noord-Brabant provincie, south-central Netherlands. It is situated where the Dommel and Aa rivers join to form the Dieze and lies along the Zuid-Willemsvaart (canal).
S&P 500: in the United States, a stock market index that tracks 500 publicly traded domestic companies. It is considered by many investors to be the best overall measurement of American stock market performance.
SA: in the German Nazi Party, a paramilitary organization whose methods of violent intimidation played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power.
Sa de Miranda, Francisco de: the first of the Portuguese Renaissance poets.
Sa Dec: town on the Mekong River delta, southern Vietnam. It is a river port, agricultural trading centre, and transshipment point for small craft on the left bank of the shallow Bassac River (Song Han Giang), 88 miles (140 km) southwest of ...
Sa'adah, Antun: Syrian political agitator who sought to unify Syria with neighbouring areas that he considered really parts of Syria.
Sa'adia ben Joseph: Jewish exegete, philosopher, and polemicist whose influence on Jewish literary and communal activities made him one of the most important Jewish scholars of his time. His unique qualities became especially apparent in 921 in Babylonia during a dispute over Jewish ...
Sa'dah: town, northwestern Yemen, in the mountainous Yemen Highlands. It was the original capital of the Zaydi dynasty of imams (religious-political leaders) of Yemen (AD 860-1962). The effective founder of Sa'dah as a base of Zaydi power was Imam Yahya al-Hadi ...
Sa'di: Persian poet, one of the greatest figures in classical Persian literature.
Sa'ib: Persian poet, one of the greatest masters of a form of classical Arabic and Persian lyric poetry characterized by rhymed couplets and known as the ghazel.
Sa'id ibn Sultan: in full Sa'id Ibn Sultan Ibn Ahmad Ibn Sa'id Al-busa 'idi, also called Sa'id Imam, or Sa'id Sayyid ruler of Muscat and Oman and of Zanzibar (1806-56), who made Zanzibar the principal power in East Africa and the commercial capital ...
Sa'id Pasha: Ottoman viceroy of Egypt (1854-63) whose administrative policies fostered the development of individual landownership and reduced the influence of the sheikhs (village headmen).
Sa'id, 'Ali Ahmad: Lebanese poet and literary critic who was a leader of the modernist movement in Arabic poetry in the mid-20th century.
Sa'id, Aminah al-: Egyptian journalist and writer who was one of Egypt's leading feminists and was a founder (1954) and editor (1954-69) of Hawwa' ("Eve"), the first women's magazine to be published in Egypt.
Sa'iqah, al-: Syrian guerrilla force sponsored by the Syrian government with the purpose of promoting the interests of the Palestinian branch of the Syrian Ba'th Party. Al-Sa'iqah was founded by the party in 1968 and has maintained a socialist ideology. Chosen from ...
Sa'ud: son and successor of Ibn Sa'ud, and king of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964.
Sa-Carneiro, Mario de: poet and novelist, one of the most original and complex figures of the Portuguese Modernist movement.
Sa-skya-pa: Tibetan Buddhist sect that takes its name from the great Sa-skya (Sakya) monastery founded in 1073, 50 miles (80 km) north of Mount Everest. The sect follows the teachings of the noted traveler and scholar 'Brog-mi (992-1072). He translated into ...
Saab AB: Swedish high-technology company involved in defense, aviation, and aerospace. Its products include airplanes, missiles, electronics, and computers. Saab's headquarters are in Linkoping, Sweden.
Saale Glacial Stage: division of Pleistocene deposits and time in northern Europe (the Pleistocene Epoch began about 1,600,000 years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago). The Saale Glacial Stage followed the Holstein Interglacial Stage and preceded the Eemian Interglacial Stage, both relatively ...
Saale River: left tributary of the Elbe River, 265 miles (426 km) long and draining 9,165 square miles (23,737 square km). It rises in the Fichtelgebirge, a Bavarian highland area in southern Germany, and flows north and northwest past Hof, Saalfeld, Rudolstadt, ...
Saalfeld: city, Thuringia Land (state), east-central Germany, on the Saale River, at the northeast edge of the Thuringer Wald (forest), south of Weimar. First mentioned in 899 as a royal palace, it was the site of a Benedictine monastery founded in ...
Saalfelden: town, Bundesland (federal province) Salzburg, west central Austria, at the southwest foot of the Steinernes Meer (Sea of Stones) Mountains, near the Saalach River southwest of Salzburg. An old market town, it is also a winter and summer resort and ...
Saanen: popular breed of dairy goat originating in the Saanen Valley of Switzerland. The coat of the Saanen is fine and light-coloured, with white being generally preferred. In build it is similar to the Toggenburg, with smallish frame, straight or dished ...
Saar River: right-bank tributary of the Moselle (German Mosel) River. It flows for 153 mi (246 km) across northeastern France into Germany and drains an area of 2,800 sq mi (7,300 sq km). Rising at the foot of Donon (mountain) in the ...
Saar, Betye: American artist and educator, renowned for her assemblages that lampoon racist attitudes about blacks and for installations featuring mystical themes.
Saarbrucken: city, capital (1959) of Saarland Land (state), southwestern Germany. A frontier station opposite Forbach, France, it lies on the Saar River at the mouth of the Sulz River. There were Celtic and Roman settlements in the vicinity, ...
Saaremaa: largest of the islands in the Muhu archipelago that divides the Baltic Sea from the Gulf of Riga. It constitutes the bulk of the Estonian county of Saaremaa (Saare). The island is low-lying and is composed largely of limestones and ...
Saarinen, Eero: Finnish-born U.S. architect who was one of the leaders in a trend toward exploration and experiment in American architectural design during the 1950s.
Saarinen, Eliel: architect notable for his influence on modern architecture in the United States, particularly on skyscraper and church design. His son, Eero Saarinen, was also an outstanding American architect.
Saarland: Land (state) in the southwestern portion of Germany. It is bounded by France on the south, Luxembourg on the west, and the Land of Rhineland-Palatinate on the north and east. It covers an area of 992 square miles (2,569 square ...
Saarlouis: city, Saarland Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies along both sides of the Saar River, near the French border, northwest of Saarbrucken. Founded and named by Louis XIV of France in 1680 and fortified by the military engineer Sebastien de ...
Saavedra Fajardo, Diego de: Spanish diplomat and man of letters, best known for his anti-Machiavellian emblem book, the Idea de un principe politico cristiano (1640; The Royal Politician), which urged a return to traditional virtues as the remedy for national decadence.
Saavedra Lamas, Carlos: Argentine jurist who in 1936 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his part in ending the Chaco War (1932-35), fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over the northern part of the Gran Chaco region and especially its oil fields.
Saavedra, Angel de, duque de Rivas: Spanish poet, dramatist, and politician, whose fame rests principally on his play Don Alvaro, o la fuerza del sino ("Don Alvaro, or the Power of Fate"), which marked the triumph of Romantic drama in Spain.
Saba: island of the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It lies 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Sint Eustatius, with which it forms the northwestern termination of the inner volcanic arc of the Lesser Antilles. Saba has an area of ...
Saba': kingdom in pre-Islamic southwestern Arabia, frequently mentioned in the Bible (notably in the story of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba) and variously cited by ancient Assyrian, Greek, and Roman writers from about the 8th century BC to about ...
Saba, Umberto: Italian poet noted for his simple, lyrical autobiographical poems.
Sabadell: city, Barcelona provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Catalonia, northeastern Spain. The city, just north of Barcelona in the Valles parish, originated as an Iberian and Roman settlement known as Arragona and became a medieval fief of the ...
Sabae: city, Fukui ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, in the northern end of the Takefu basin. The city first formed around the Buddhist Josho temple and became a post town after 1720. An administrative centre in the late 19th century, it gained ...
Sabaean: member of a people of South Arabia in pre-Islamic times, founders of the kingdom of Saba' (q.v.), the biblical Sheba.
Sabah: state of East Malaysia, forming the northern part of the great island of Borneo, and bordered by Sarawak (southwest) and Kalimantan, or Indonesian Borneo (south). Sabah has an 800-900-mile- (1,290-1,450-km-) long, heavily indented coastline that is washed by the South ...
Sabah, Sheikh Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir as-: member of the ruling Sabah family of Kuwait and emir (1977-2006).
Sabang: kotamadya (city) and free port, Aceh daerah istimewa (special district), Indonesia, on the northeastern coast of We Island, off the northern tip of Sumatra. It lies at the northern entrance to the Strait of Malacca and is the first port ...
Sabara: city, east-central Minas Gerais state, southern Brazil. It is located on the Velhas River, east of Belo Horizonte, the state capital, at an elevation of 2,313 feet (705 metres) above sea level. Made a seat of a municipality in 1711, ...
Sabas, Saint: Christian Palestinian monk, champion of orthodoxy in the 5th-century controversies over the nature of Christ. He founded the monastery known as the Great Laura of Mar Saba, a renowned community of contemplative monks in the Judaean desert near Jerusalem. This ...
Sabatier, Auguste: French Protestant theologian and educator who helped revolutionize biblical interpretation by applying methods of historical criticism and promoted the development of liberal theology and the Roman Catholic Modernist movement by his interpretation of Christian doctrine as the symbolism of religious ...
Sabatier, Paul: French organic chemist and corecipient, with Victor Grignard, of the 1912 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for researches in catalytic organic synthesis, in particular for discovering the use of nickel as a catalyst in hydrogenation (the addition of hydrogen to molecules ...
Sabatier, Paul: French historian and educator who is chiefly remembered for his biography of St. Francis of Assisi.
Sabato, Ernesto: Argentine novelist, journalist, and essayist whose novels are notable for their concern with philosophical and psychological issues and whose political and social studies were highly influential in Argentina in the latter half of the 20th century.