Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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patimokkha ... Paul Of Aegina

patimokkha: Buddhist monastic code; a set of 227 rules that govern the daily activities of the monk and nun. The prohibitions of the patimokkha are arranged in the Pali canon according to the severity of the offense-from those that require immediate ...
Patinir, Joachim: painter, the first Western artist known to have specialized in landscape painting. Little is known of his early life, but his work reflects an early knowledge of the painting of Gerard David, the last of the Early Netherlandish painters. He ...
Patino, Jose Patino, marques de: Spanish statesman who was one of the most outstanding ministers of the Spanish crown during the 18th century.
patio: in Spanish and Latin American architecture, a courtyard within a building, open to the sky. It is a Spanish development of the Roman atrium and is comparable to the Italian cortile. The patio was a major feature in medieval Spanish ...
patio process: method of isolating silver from its ore that was used from the 16th to early in the 20th century; the process was apparently commonly used by Indians in America before the arrival of the Europeans.
Patkul, Johann Reinhold von: Baltic German diplomat who played a key role in the initiation of the Northern War (1700-21).
Patmore, Coventry: English poet and essayist whose best poetry is in The Unknown Eros and Other Odes, containing mystical odes of divine love and of married love, which he saw as a reflection of Christ's love for the soul.
Patmos: island, the smallest and most northerly of the original 12, or Dodecanese, Greek islands. It is only 11 square miles (28 square km) in area. The barren, arc-shaped island consists of three deeply indented headlands joined by two narrow isthmuses; ...
Patna: capital of Bihar state, northern India. It lies about 290 miles (470 km) northwest of Calcutta.
patola: type of silk sari (characteristic garment worn by Indian women) of Gujarati origin, the warp and weft being tie-dyed (see bandhani work) before weaving according to a predetermined pattern. It formed part of the trousseau presented by the bride's maternal ...
Paton, Alan: one of the foremost writers in South Africa, best known for his first novel, Cry, the Beloved Country (1948), a passionate tale of racial injustice that brought international attention to the problem of apartheid in South Africa.
Patos: city, west-central Paraiba estado ("state"), northeastern Brazil. It lies along the Espinharas River at 804 feet (245 m) above sea level. Given city rank in 1903, Patos is a commercial centre for an agricultural hinterland yielding principally cotton and feijao ...
Patos de Minas: city, west-central Minas Gerais estado ("state"), Brazil. It lies at 2,808 feet (856 m) above sea level in the highlands. Made the seat of a municipality in 1866, it gained city status in 1892 with the name of Patos, which ...
Patos Lagoon: shallow lagoon in Rio Grande do Sul estado ("state"), in extreme southeastern Brazil. It is the largest lagoon in Brazil and the second largest in South America. The lagoon is 180 miles (290 km) long and up to 40 miles ...
Patrai: city, capital of the nomos (department) of Achaea, and chief port of the Peloponnese and one of the largest ports in Greece, on the Gulf of Patraikos.
patralata: decorative motif in Indian art, consisting of a lotus rhizome (underground plant stem). A cosmology that identifies water as the source of all life had a great influence on early Indian art, and, of its visual symbols, the lotus is ...
patria potestas: (Latin: "power of a father"), in Roman family law, power that the male head of a family exercised over his children and his more remote descendants in the male line, whatever their age, as well as over those brought into ...
patriarch: title used for some Old Testament leaders (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob's 12 sons) and, in some Christian churches, a title given to bishops of important sees.
patriarchy: hypothetical social system based on the absolute authority of the father or an elderly male over the family group. Inspired by the classical social Darwinism of the 19th century, the pioneering anthropologists Lewis Henry Morgan and Henry Maine envisioned cultures ...
patrician: any member of a group of citizen families who, in contrast with the plebeian (q.v.) class, formed a privileged class in early Rome.
Patrick, Lester B. and Frank A.: Canadian brothers who as managers, owners, and league officials helped establish professional ice hockey in Canada and who aided the expansion of the National Hockey League (NHL) to the United States.
Patrick, Mary Mills: American missionary and educator who oversaw the evolution of a girls' high school into a major college for Turkish women.
Patrick, Saint: patron saint and national apostle of Ireland, credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland and probably responsible in part for the Christianization of the Picts and Anglo-Saxons. He is known only from two short works, the Confessio, a spiritual autobiography, and ...
patristic literature: body of literature that comprises those works, excluding the New Testament, written by Christians before the 8th century AD.
patron saint: saint to whose protection and intercession a person, a society, a church, or a place is dedicated. The choice is often made on the basis of some real or presumed relationship with the persons or places involved. St. Patrick, for ...
patronymic: name derived from that of a father or paternal ancestor, usually by the addition of a suffix or prefix meaning "son." Thus the Scottish name MacDonald originally meant "son of Donald." Usually the "son" affix is attached to a baptismal ...
Pats, Konstantin: Estonian statesman who served as the last president of Estonia (1938-40) before its incorporation into the Soviet Union in 1940.
Patsayev, Viktor Ivanovich: Soviet cosmonaut, design engineer on the Soyuz 11 mission, in which he, mission commander Georgy T. Dobrovolsky, and flight engineer Vladislav N. Volkov remained in space a record 24 days and created the first manned orbital scientific station by docking ...
Pattani: town, southern Thailand, on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The town is located at the mouth of the Pattani River. Pattani was an independent Muslim city-state, ruling a large portion of the surrounding region until the 16th century, ...
pattern glass: pressed glassware produced in sets of many pieces decorated with the same pattern. Manufactured in large quantities in the United States in 1840-80 by the larger glassworks, it was an offshoot of the American invention (1820s) of mechanically pressed glass, ...
pattern poetry: verse in which the typography or lines are arranged in an unusual configuration, usually to convey or extend the emotional content of the words. Of ancient (probably Eastern) origin, pattern poems are found in the Greek Anthology, which includes work ...
Patterson, Alicia: American journalist who was cofounder and longtime publisher and editor of the Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper Newsday.
Patterson, Eleanor Medill: the flamboyant editor and publisher of the Washington Times-Herald.
Patterson, Floyd: American professional boxer, first to hold the world heavyweight championship twice.
Patterson, Frederick Douglass: American educator and prominent black leader, president of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (later Tuskegee Institute; now Tuskegee University) in 1935-53, and founder of the United Negro College Fund (1944).
Patterson, John Henry: American manufacturer who helped popularize the modern cash register by means of aggressive and innovative sales techniques.
Patterson, Joseph Medill: American journalist, coeditor and publisher-with his cousin Robert Rutherford McCormick-of the Chicago Tribune from 1914 to 1925; he subsequently became better known as editor and publisher of the New York Daily News, the first ...
Patti, Adelina: Italian soprano who was one of the great coloratura singers of the 19th century.
Patton, Charley: black American blues singer-guitarist, among the earliest and most influential Mississippi blues performers.
Patton, George Smith: U.S. Army officer who was an outstanding practitioner of mobile tank warfare in the European and Mediterranean theatres during World War II. His strict discipline, toughness, and self-sacrifice elicited exceptional pride within his ranks, and the general was colourfully referred ...
Patuakhali: town, south-central Bangladesh. It is situated along the Patuakhali River, a distributary of the Arial Khan. An important trading centre for rice, jute, oilseeds, sugarcane, and betel nuts, it is also a rice milling and match manufacturing centre. It is ...
Patuca River: river in northeastern Honduras, formed southeast of Juticalpa by the merger of the Guayape and Guayambre rivers. It flows northeastward for approximately 200 miles (320 km), emerging from the highlands and crossing the Mosquito Coast to empty into the Caribbean ...
Pau: town, capital of Pyrenees-Atlantiques departement, Aquitaine region, southwestern France. The capital of the former province of Bearn, Pau is a spa and winter sports centre. It stands on the edge of a plateau 130 feet (40 m) above the valley ...
Paul: king of Greece (1947-64) who helped his country overcome Communist guerrilla forces after World War II.
Paul: emperor of Russia from 1796 to 1801.
Paul I, Saint: pope from 757 to 767.
Paul II: Italian pope from 1464 to 1471.
Paul III: Italian noble who was the last of the Renaissance popes (reigned 1534-49) and the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. The worldly Paul III was a notable patron of the arts and at the same time encouraged the beginning of the ...
Paul IV: Italian pope from 1555 to 1559, whose anti-Spanish policy renewed the war between France and the Habsburgs.
Paul Karadjordjevic, Prince: regent of Yugoslavia in the period leading into World War II.
Paul Of Aegina: Alexandrian physician and surgeon, the last major ancient Greek medical encyclopaedist, who wrote the Epitomes iatrikes biblio hepta, better known by its Latin title, Epitomae medicae libri septem ("Medical Compendium in Seven Books"), containing nearly everything known about the medical ...