Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Northern Arizona University ... Norton, Andre

Northern Arizona University: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S. The university comprises colleges of business administration, ecosystem science and management, engineering and technology, health professions, social and behavioral sciences, and arts and sciences. It also includes the Center for ...
Northern Cape: province, western South Africa. It is bordered to the north by Namibia and Botswana; to the east by North-West, Free State, and Eastern Cape provinces; to the south and southwest by Western Cape province; and to the west by the ...
Northern Colorado, University of: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Greeley, Colorado, U.S. It includes colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business Administration, Education, Health and Human Sciences, and Performing and Visual Arts. The university's graduate school offers more than 30 master's degree programs ...
Northern Dvina River: river formed by the junction of the Sukhona and Yug rivers at the city of Velikiy Ustyug, in Vologod oblast (province) of Russia. The Northern Dvina is one of the largest and most important waterways of the northern European portion ...
Northern Illinois University: public, coeducational university in DeKalb, Illinois, U.S. The university was founded in 1895 as Northern Illinois State Normal (teacher-training) School. Instruction began in 1899. It became a four-year state teachers college in 1921, and in 1951 it began offering graduate ...
Northern Iowa, University of: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Cedar Falls, Iowa, U.S. It includes colleges of business administration, education, humanities and fine arts, natural sciences, and social and behavioral sciences. In addition to undergraduate studies, the university offers some five dozen ...
Northern Ireland: part of the United Kingdom, lying in the northeastern quadrant of the island of Ireland, on the western continental periphery often characterized as Atlantic Europe. Northern Ireland is sometimes referred to as Ulster, although it includes only six of the ...
Northern Kanto: industrial region, east-central Japan, occupying portions of Gumma, Saitama, and Tochigi ken (prefectures). Situated just north of, and adjacent to, the Keihin (Tokyo-Yokohama) Industrial Zone, the area consists mostly of plains, interrupted by the Kanto Range and Echigo Range. Northern ...
Northern Kyushu: industrial region of southwestern Japan, centring on the city and port of Kita-Kyushu and bounded by the Gen Sea to the northwest and the Inland Sea to the east. The region is drained by the Onga, Chikugo, and Yamakuni rivers ...
northern lights: luminous atmospheric display visible in the Northern Hemisphere. See aurora.
Northern Mariana Islands: a self-governing commonwealth in political union with the United States. It is composed of 22 islands and islets in the western Pacific. The commonwealth is a part of the Mariana Islands, a chain of volcanic mountain peaks and uplifted coral ...
northern Mexican Indian: member of any of the aboriginal peoples inhabiting northern Mexico.
Northern Michigan University: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Marquette, Mich., U.S. It comprises the Walter L. Cisler College of Business and colleges of arts and sciences; behavioral sciences, human services, and education; technology and applied science; and nursing. The university offers ...
Northern Pacific Railway Company: one of the northern transcontinental railroads of the United States, operating between St. Paul, Minn., and Seattle, Wash., and merged into the Burlington Northern in 1970.
Northern Sarkars: group of four, later five or six, sarkars (districts into which the emperor Sher Shah of Sur divided his empire). They corresponded roughly to modern Srikakulam, Vishakhapatnam, and East and West Godavari districts of northeastern Andhra Pradesh state, India.
Northern Territory: self-governing territory of Australia, occupying the central section of the northern part of the continent.
Northern War, First: (1655-60), final stage of the struggle over the Polish-Swedish succession. In 1665 the Swedish king Charles X Gustav declared war on Poland on the pretext that Poland's John II Casimir Vasa had refused to acknowledge him; the real reason was ...
Northern War, Second: (1700-21), military conflict in which Russia, Denmark-Norway, and Saxony-Poland challenged the supremacy of Sweden in the Baltic area. The war resulted in the decline of Swedish influence and the emergence of Russia as a major power in that region.
Northern Wei sculpture: Chinese sculpture, dating from the Northern Wei period (AD 386-534/535) of the Six Dynasties, that represents the first major Buddhist influence on Chinese art. Produced in the northern territory that was occupied and ruled by foreign invaders and that was ...
Northfield: city, Rice county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies along the Cannon River, in a mixed-farming area, 35 miles (55 km) south of St. Paul. Founded in 1855 by New England lawyer John W. North, it became the home of Carleton ...
Northland: local government region, the northernmost of North Island, New Zealand. It is coextensive with most of the North Auckland Peninsula. Northland extends about 96 miles (250 km) northwest from Kaipara Harbour to Cape Reinga and North Cape and is bounded ...
Northrop Grumman Corporation: major American manufacturer specializing in defense and commercial aerospace, electronics, and information-technology products and services. The current company was formed in 1939 as Northrop Aircraft, Inc., and was renamed Northrop Corporation in 1958. Its present name was adopted in 1994 ...
Northrop, John Howard: American biochemist who received (with James B. Sumner and Wendell M. Stanley) the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1946 for successfully purifying and crystallizing certain enzymes, thus enabling him to determine their chemical nature.
Northrop, John Knudsen: American aircraft designer, an early advocate of all-metal construction and the flying wing design.
Northumberland: administrative and historic county of northeastern England. It is England's northernmost county, bounded to the north by Scotland, to the east by the North Sea, to the west by the administrative county of Cumbria (historic county of Cumberland), and to ...
Northumberland: county, central Pennsylvania, U.S., consisting of a mountainous region in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley physiographic province bounded to the west by the Susquehanna and West Branch Susquehanna rivers. Other waterways include Chillisquaque, Shamokin, Mahanoy, and Mahantango creeks.
Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th earl of: (baptized Oct. 13, 1602, London-d. Oct. 13, 1668), English Roman Catholic moderate during the turbulent reign of Charles I of England.
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 1st Earl of, Baron Percy Of Alnwick: English statesman, leading figure during the reigns of England's Richard II and Henry IV. He and his son Sir Henry Percy, the celebrated "Hotspur," are commemorated in William Shakespeare's play 1 Henry IV.
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 8th earl of: English Protestant member of the predominantly Roman Catholic Percy family, who nevertheless died in their cause.
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 9th earl of: English Roman Catholic imprisoned in the Tower of London from 1605 to 1621 on suspicion of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot (q.v.).
Northumberland, John Dudley, duke of, earl of Warwick, Viscount Lisle, Baron Lisle: English politician and soldier who was virtual ruler of England from 1549 to 1553, during the minority of King Edward VI. Almost all historical sources regard him as an unscrupulous schemer whose policies undermined England's political stability.
Northumberland, John Neville, Earl of, Lord Montagu: leading partisan in the English Wars of the Roses. He was the son of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, and the brother of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, the "Kingmaker."
Northumberland, Thomas Percy, 7th earl of: English conspirator during the reign of Elizabeth I, seeking the release of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the free exercise of the Roman Catholic religion.
Northumbria: one of the most important kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, lying north of the Humber River. During its most flourishing period it extended from the Irish Sea to the North Sea, between two west-east lines formed in the north by the ...
Northwest: region, northwestern U.S., including the states of Oregon and Washington and part of Idaho.
Northwest Airlines, Inc.: American airline founded in 1926 as Northwest Airways, Inc., and incorporated on April 16, 1934, under its current name. Originally flying a mail route between Chicago and Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn., the company expanded in subsequent decades to eventually include a ...
Northwest Coast Indian: member of any of the aboriginal North American peoples inhabiting a narrow belt of Pacific coastland and offshore islands from the southern border of Alaska to northwestern California.
Northwest Missouri State University: public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Maryville, Mo., U.S., 90 miles (145 km) north of Kansas City. It comprises colleges of arts and sciences, education and human services, and business and professional studies. In addition to undergraduate studies, the ...
Northwest Ordinances: several ordinances enacted by the U.S. Congress for the purpose of establishing orderly and equitable procedures for the settlement and political incorporation of the Northwest Territory-i.e., that part of the American frontier lying west of Pennsylvania, north of the Ohio ...
Northwest Orient: trade name of Northwest Airlines, Inc. (q.v.).
Northwest Passage: historical sea passage of the North American continent, representing centuries of effort to find a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic archipelago of what became Canada. One of the world's severest maritime challenges, the ...
Northwest Spitsbergen National Park: national park and bird sanctuary established in 1973 by Norway on the northwestern corner of the island of Spitsbergen, in the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. With an area of 1,268 square miles (3,283 square km), the park typifies ...
Northwest Territories: region of northern and northwestern Canada, encompassing a vast area of forests and tundra. Throughout most of the 20th century the territories constituted more than a third of the area of Canada, and they reached almost from the eastern to ...
Northwest Territory: U.S. territory created by Congress in 1787 encompassing the region lying west of Pennsylvania, north of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi River, and south of the Great Lakes. Virginia, New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts had claims to this ...
Northwestern University: private, coeducational university in Evanston, Illinois, U.S. Northwestern University is a comprehensive research institution and a member of the Association of American Colleges and Universities. The university was founded in 1851 by a group of businessmen and professionals, led by ...
Northwich: town ("parish"), Vale Royal borough, administrative and historic county of Cheshire, England. Local brine springs have been used to produce salt since Roman times, but their exploitation has caused severe subsidence of buildings in the town. The present large-scale chemical ...
Northwood, John: English glassmaker, a technical innovator who sparked a resurgence of British interest in classical Greek and Roman glassworking methods, particularly in the art of cameo glass.
Norton: town, north-central Zimbabwe. It was named after a farm family murdered (1896) in the Shona uprisings. Developed in the 1960s as a planned industrial township, it is located 29 miles (46 km) west of Harare (formerly Salisbury) on the road ...
Norton: town (township), Bristol county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S., 14 miles (23 km) southwest of Brockton and about 30 miles (50 km) south of Boston. It was settled in 1669 by a cabin boy, William Wetherell, according to local lore, and incorporated ...
Norton Sound: arm of the Bering Sea, indenting for 125 miles (200 km) the west coast of Alaska, U.S., with a width of 70 miles (115 km) between the Seward Peninsula (north) and the Yukon River delta (south). The sound is navigable ...
Norton, Andre: prolific best-selling American author of science-fiction and fantasy adventure novels for both juveniles and adults.