| 1054, Schism of ... 9to5, National Association of Working Women |
| | - 1054, Schism of
- event that precipitated the final separation between the Eastern Christian churches (led by the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius) and the Western Church (led by Pope Leo IX). The mutual excommunications by the Pope and the Patriarch that year became ...
- 12-tone music
- large body of music, written roughly since World War I, that uses the so-called 12-tone method or technique of composition. The Austrian-born composer Arnold Schoenberg is credited with the invention of this technique, although other composers (e.g., the American composer ...
- 1763, Proclamation of
- proclamation declared by the British crown at the end of the French and Indian War in North America, mainly intended to conciliate the Indians by checking the encroachment of white settlers on their lands. After Indian grievances had resulted in ...
- 1801, Concordat of
- agreement reached on July 15, 1801, between Napoleon Bonaparte and papal and clerical representatives in both Rome and Paris, defining the status of the Roman Catholic Church in France and ending the breach caused by the church reforms and confiscations ...
- 1812, War of
- (June 18, 1812-Dec. 24, 1814), inconclusive British-U.S. conflict arising chiefly out of U.S. grievances over oppressive maritime practices during the Napoleonic Wars. The long struggle between Great Britain and France, fought intermittently between 1793 and 1815, led both belligerents to ...
- 1830, revolutions of
- rebellions against conservative kings and governments by liberals and revolutionaries in different parts of Europe in 1830-32.
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