Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

0-9

Mark The Hermit ... marmot

Mark The Hermit: theological polemicist and author of works on Christian asceticism notable for their psychological insight and for their influence on later monastic history and literature. To some scholars, elements of his doctrine suggest aspects of 16th-century Reformation theology.
Mark, Mary Ellen: American photojournalist whose compelling, empathetic images document the lives of marginalized people in the United States and other countries.
Mark, Saint: traditional author of the second Synoptic Gospel. Data on his life found in the New Testament are fragmentary, and most of their historicity has been questioned by critical investigation. The only unquestionably reliable information is in Philemon 24, where a ...
Mark, Saint: pope from Jan. 18 (?) to Oct. 7, 336. He is credited with having given the bishops of Ostia the right to consecrate new popes. He may have been the founder of the present Church of San Marco, Rome, and ...
Mark, The Gospel According to: second of the four New Testament Gospels (narratives recounting the life and death of Jesus Christ), and, with Matthew and Luke, one of the three Synoptic Gospels (i.e., those presenting a common view). It is attributed to John Mark (Acts ...
Markandaya, Kamala: Indian novelist whose works concern the struggles of contemporary Indians with conflicting Eastern and Western values.
Markelius, Sven: eminent Swedish architect who introduced the International Style into Sweden in the 1920s.
Marken: island and gemeente (commune), Noord-Holland provincie, west-central Netherlands, within the IJsselmeer. Lying some 11 miles (17 km) northeast of Amsterdam, Marken was separated from the mainland in the 13th century during the formation of the Zuiderzee. The 2-mile- (3-kilometre-) long ...
marker bed: a bed of rock strata that are readily distinguishable by reason of physical characteristics and are traceable over large horizontal distances. Stratigraphic examples include coal beds and beds of volcanic ash. The term marker bed is also applied to sedimentary ...
market: a means by which the exchange of goods and services takes place as a result of buyers and sellers being in contact with one another, either directly or through mediating agents or institutions.
Market Harborough: town, Harborough district, administrative county of Leicestershire, England, on the River Welland. The part of the town north of the Welland, including the historic core, lies within the historic county of Leicestershire, while the part of the town south of ...
market research: study of the requirements of various markets, the acceptability of products, and methods of developing or exploiting new markets. A variety of techniques is employed, depending on the purpose of the research: salesmen's expectations may be used as a guide ...
market socialism: economic system representing a compromise between socialist planning and free enterprise, in which enterprises are publicly owned but production and consumption are guided by market forces rather than by government planning. A form of market socialism was adopted in Yugoslavia ...
marketing: the sum of activities involved in directing the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers.
marketing board: organization set up by a government to regulate the buying and selling of a certain commodity within a specified area. An example is the former Cocoa Marketing Board of Nigeria (which, after 1977, functioned as the Nigerian Cocoa Board and ...
Markham River: river in eastern Papua New Guinea. The swift but shallow and unnavigable stream rises on the Finisterre Range and receives the Erap River, coursing south from the Saruwaged Range, and the Watut River, flowing north from the Bulolo Valley. Flowing ...
Markham, Beryl: professional pilot, horse trainer and breeder, writer, and adventurer, best-known for her memoir West with the Night (1942; reissued 1983).
Markham, Edwin: American poet and lecturer, best-known for his poem of social protest, "The Man with the Hoe."
Markham, Gervase: English poet and author of a number of popular treatises on country and sporting pursuits.
markhor: (Capra falconeri), large wild goat, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), formerly found throughout the mountains from Kashmir and Turkestan to Afghanistan but now greatly reduced in population and range. Several subspecies are considered endangered. The markhor stands about 102 cm (40 ...
Markish, Peretz: Soviet Yiddish poet and novelist whose work extols Soviet Russia and mourns the destruction of European Jews in World War II.
Marko Kraljevic: king of Serbia from 1371 to 1395 and a hero in the literature and traditions of the South Slavic peoples.
Markov process: sequence of possibly dependent random variables (x₁, x₂, x₃, &elipsis;)-identified by increasing values of a parameter, commonly time-with the property that any prediction of the next value of the sequence (x_n), knowing the preceding states (x₁, x₂, &elipsis;, x_n − 1), may ...
Markov, Andrey Andreyevich: Russian mathematician who helped to develop the theory of stochastic processes, especially those called Markov chains. Based on the study of the probability of mutually dependent events, his work has been developed and widely applied in the biological and social ...
Markova, Dame Alicia: English ballerina noted for the ethereal lightness and poetic delicacy of her dancing.
Markovic, Svetozar: political writer who was largely responsible for introducing socialism into Serbia and whom the Yugoslav Communists claim as their precursor. He was a skilled popularizer of political ideas, an inveterate controversialist, a courageous fighter, and a strong influence on the ...
Markovnikov rule: in organic chemistry, a generalization, formulated by Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov in 1869, stating that in addition reactions to unsymmetrical alkenes, the electron-rich component of the reagent adds to the carbon atom with fewer hydrogen atoms bonded to it, while the ...
Markovnikov, Vladimir Vasilyevich: Russian organic chemist who contributed to structural theory and to the understanding of the ionic addition (Markovnikov addition) of hydrogen halides to the carbon-carbon double bond of alkenes.
Markowitz, Harry M.: American finance and economics educator, cowinner (with Merton H. Miller and William F. Sharpe) of the 1990 Nobel Prize for Economics for theories on evaluating stock-market risk and reward and on valuing corporate stocks and bonds.
Marks & Spencer PLC: one of the largest British retail clothing and food companies. Headquarters of the firm are in London.
Marl: city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It is situated in the Ruhr industrial district, just northwest of Recklinghausen. First mentioned about 800 as a relatively large settlement, the Marl district was sold to the archbishops of ...
marl: earthy mixture of fine-grained minerals. The term is applied to a great variety of sediments and rocks with a considerable range of composition. Calcareous marls grade into clays, by diminution in the amount of lime, and into clayey limestones. Greensand ...
Marlatt, Abby Lillian: American educator who brought a strong academic base to the university programs in home economics that she established.
Marlboro: county, northeastern South Carolina, U.S. It is located between the Great Pee Dee River to the west and North Carolina to the north and northeast. The county is also drained by the Little Pee Dee River. A richly productive farming ...
Marlborough: town ("parish"), Kennet district, administrative and historic county of Wiltshire, England. It lies on the River Kennet in a valley of the chalky Marlborough Downs (hills).
Marlborough: unitary authority, northeastern South Island, New Zealand. It is bounded by Cook Straight (north), the South Pacific Ocean (east), Christchurch local government region (southeast and south), and Tasman and the city of Nelson unitary authorities (west). The Wairau River rises ...
Marlborough: city, Middlesex county, east-central Massachusetts, U.S., 27 miles (43 km) west of Boston. Originally part of Sudbury, it was set off as Whipsuferadge Plantation in 1656 and was incorporated as a town in 1660 and named for Marlborough, England. The ...
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of, Marquess Of Blandford, Earl Of Marlborough, Baron Churchill Of Sandridge, Lord Churchill Of Eyemouth, Reichsfurst: one of England's greatest generals, who led British and allied armies to important victories over Louis XIV of France, notably at Blenheim (1704), Ramillies (1706), and Oudenaarde (1708).
Marlborough, Sarah Jennings, Duchess of: wife of the renowned general John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough; her close friendship with Queen Anne bolstered her husband's career and served to aid the Whig cause.
Marley, Bob: Jamaican singer-songwriter whose thoughtful, ongoing distillation of early ska, rock steady, and reggae forms blossomed in the 1970s into an electrifying rock-influenced hybrid that made him an international superstar.
marlin: any of several species of large, long-nosed marine fishes of the family Istiophoridae (order Perciformes) characterized by an elongated body, a long dorsal fin, and a rounded spear extending from the snout. They are wanderers, found worldwide near the surface ...
Marlow: town ("parish"), Wycombe district, administrative and historic county of Buckinghamshire, England, on the River Thames. The parish Church of All Saints was built in 1835 on the site of a church that dated from the 12th century. The Sir William ...
Marlowe, Christopher: Elizabethan poet and Shakespeare's most important predecessor in English drama, who is noted especially for his establishment of dramatic blank verse.
Marlowe, Julia: English-born American actress, one of the great romantic actresses of her day, known especially for her interpretations of William Shakespeare.
Marma: people of the Chittagong Hills region of Bangladesh. The Marma numbered approximately 210,000 in the late 20th century. One group, the Jhumia Marma, have long settled in this southeastern region of Bengal; the other group, the Rakhaing Marma, are recent ...
Marmara, Sea of: inland sea partly separating the Asiatic and European parts of Turkey. It is connected through the Bosporus on the northeast with the Black Sea and through the Dardanelles on the southwest with the Aegean Sea. It is 175 miles (280 ...
Marmol, Jose: Argentine poet and novelist whose outspoken denunciation in verse and prose of the Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas earned him the title of "verdugo poetico de Rosas" ("poetic hangman of Rosas"), and whose best-known work, Amalia (1851-55; Amalia: A ...
Marmont, Auguste-Frederic-Louis Viesse de, Duc De Raguse: marshal of France whose distinguished military career ended when, as Napoleon's chief lieutenant in a battle under the walls of the city, he surrendered Paris (March 30, 1814) and a few days later took his troops into the Allied lines.
Marmontel, Jean-Francois: French poet, dramatist, novelist, and critic who is remembered for his autobiographical work, Memoires d'un pere (1804, "Memoirs of a Father").
marmoset: any of numerous species of small long-tailed South American monkeys. Similar in appearance to squirrels, marmosets are tree-dwelling primates that move in a quick, jerky manner. Claws on all the digits except the big toe aid them in scampering along ...
marmot: any of 14 species of giant ground squirrels found primarily in North America and Eurasia. These rodents are large and heavy, weighing 3 to 7 kg (6.6 to 15.4 pounds), depending upon the species. Marmots are well suited for life ...