Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Mankato ... Mansfield

Mankato: city, seat of Blue Earth county, south-central Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Minnesota River, opposite North Mankato, near the mouth of the Blue Earth River, in a farming and lake area, about 75 miles (120 km) southwest of Minneapolis. ...
Mankiewicz, Herman: American screenwriter, journalist, playwright, and wit, notable as a member of the Algonquin Round Table and as the coauthor of the screenplay for Citizen Kane (1941).
Mankiewicz, Joseph L.: major American producer, director, and screenwriter known for his witty, literary, urbane dialogue and memorable characters. He worked with many of Hollywood's major stars and earned the reputation of being a talented actor's director, guiding such performers as Bette Davis, ...
Mankiller, Wilma Pearl: Native American leader and activist, the first woman chief of a major tribe.
Manley, Mary de la Riviere: British writer who achieved notoriety through presenting political scandal in the form of romance. Her Secret Memoirs . . . of Several Persons of Quality (1709) was a chronicle seeking to expose the private vices of Whig ministers. After its ...
Manley, Michael: Jamaican politician who served three terms as prime minister of Jamaica (1972-80 and 1989-92) and was a powerful champion of Third World issues.
Mann, Heinrich: German novelist and essayist, a socially committed writer whose best known works are intemperate attacks on the authoritarian social structure of German society under William II.
Mann, Horace: U.S. educator, the first great American advocate of public education, who believed that, in a democratic society, education should be free and universal, nonsectarian, democratic in method, and reliant on well-trained, professional teachers.
Mann, Thomas: German novelist and essayist whose early novels-Buddenbrooks (1900), Der Tod in Venedig (1912; Death in Venice), and Der Zauberberg (1924; The Magic Mountain)-earned him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1929.
Mann, Tom: radical labour leader, founder and member of numerous British labour unions and organizations.
manna: in botany, any of a variety of plants and plant products. Manna is the common name for certain lichens of the genus Lecanora native to Turkey, especially L. esculenta. In the Middle East lichen bread and manna jelly are made ...
manna: in biblical literature, one or more of the foods that sustained the Hebrews during the 40 years that intervened between their Exodus from Egypt and their arrival in the Promised Land. The word is perhaps derived from the question man ...
Mannai: ancient country in northwestern Iran, south of Lake Urmia. During the period of its existence in the early 1st millennium BC, Mannai was surrounded by three major powers: Assyria, Urartu, and Media. The Mannaeans are first recorded in the annals ...
Mannar Island: dry, barren island that lies at the eastern end of Adam's Bridge, a chain of shoals off the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka. Mannar Island has an area of about 50 square miles (130 square km). Fishing is economically important. ...
Mannar, Gulf of: inlet of the Indian Ocean, between southeastern India and western Sri Lanka. It is bounded to the northeast by Rameswaram (island), Adam's (Rama's) Bridge (a chain of shoals), and Mannar Island. The gulf is 80-170 miles (130-275 km) wide and ...
Manner, Eeva Liisa: lyrical poet and dramatist, a central figure in the Finnish modernist movement of the 1950s.
Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf: Finnish military leader and conservative statesman who successfully defended Finland against greatly superior Soviet forces during World War II and served as the country's president (1944-46).
Mannerism: (from maniera, "manner," or "style"), artistic style that predominated in Italy from the end of the High Renaissance in the 1520s to the beginnings of the Baroque style around 1590. The Mannerist style originated in Florence and Rome and spread ...
manners, comedy of: witty, cerebral form of dramatic comedy that depicts and often satirizes the manners and affectations of a contemporary society. A comedy of manners is concerned with social usage and the question of whether or not characters meet certain social standards. ...
manners, novel of: work of fiction that recreates a social world, conveying with finely detailed observation the customs, values, and mores of a highly developed and complex society. The conventions of the society dominate the story, and characters are differentiated by the degree ...
Mannes, Leopold: American musician and photographic technician known as a codeveloper of Kodachrome film (1935).
Mannes, Marya: American writer and critic, known for her caustic but insightful observations of American life.
Mannheim: city, Baden-Wurttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies on the right bank of the Rhine River opposite Ludwigshafen, at the mouth of the canalized Neckar River.
Mannheim school: in music, a group of 18th-century composers who assembled themselves in the city of Mannheim, Ger., under the patronage of Duke Karl Theodor (reigned 1743-99), the elector palatine. They distinguished themselves particularly in their instrumental music, which proved to be ...
Mannheim, Karl: sociologist in Germany before the rise of Adolf Hitler and then in the United Kingdom who is remembered for his "sociology of knowledge" and for his work on the problems of leadership and consensus in modern societies.
mannikin: any of numerous birds of the tribe Amadini of the songbird family Estrildidae. This name is given particularly to certain species of the genus Lonchura. Mannikins are finchlike birds, mostly brownish and often with black throats and fine barring. Large ...
Manning, Henry Edward: member of the Oxford Movement, which sought a return of the Church of England to the High Church ideals of the 17th century, who converted to Roman Catholicism and became archbishop of Westminster.
Manning, James: U.S. Baptist clergyman who founded Rhode Island College (renamed Brown University in 1804) and served as its first president.
Manning, Marie: American journalist, best known for her popular advice column that addressed matters of etiquette and personal concern.
Manning, Olivia: British journalist and novelist, noted for her ambitious attempt to portray the panorama of modern history in a fictional framework.
Mannix, Daniel: Roman Catholic prelate who became one of Australia's most controversial political figures during the first half of the 20th century.
Mannlicher, Ferdinand, Ritter von: Austrian firearms designer who invented the cartridge clip, which allows loading a box magazine in one motion.
Mannyng, Robert: early English poet and author of Handlyng Synne, a poem of popular morality, and of the chronicle Story of England. The works are preserved independently in several manuscripts, none of certain provenance. The author is probably to be identified with ...
Mano River: river rising in the Guinea Highlands northeast of Voinjama, Liberia. With its tributary, the Morro, it forms more than 90 miles (145 km) of the Liberia-Sierra Leone border. The river and its affluents (including the Zeliba) drain a basin of ...
Manohar: a leading miniaturist of the Mughal school of painting in India, noted for his outstanding manuscript illustrations, portraits, and a few animal studies.
Manolete: Spanish matador, generally considered the successor to Joselito (Jose Gomez) and Juan Belmonte as paramount in the profession.
manor house: during the European Middle Ages, the dwelling of the lord of the manor or his residential bailiff and administrative centre of the feudal estate. The medieval manor was generally fortified in proportion to the degree of peaceful settlement of the ...
manorial court: in feudal law, court through which a lord exercised jurisdiction over his tenants. The manorial court was presided over by the steward or seneschal, and it was there that various officials-such as the reeve, who acted as general overseer, and ...
manorialism: political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord. Its basic unit was the manor, a self-sufficient landed estate, or fief, that was under the control of ...
Manresa: town, Barcelona provincia, in the comunidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Catalonia, northeastern Spain. It lies along the Cardoner River. The town-which probably originated as Minorisa, the Roman capital of Jacetani-was important during the European Middle Ages. Three bridges span the ...
Manrique, Gomez: soldier, politician, diplomat and poet, chiefly famous as one of the earliest Spanish dramatists whose name is known. He fought with the leagues of nobles against King Henry IV of Castile and in support of the claims to the crown ...
Manrique, Jorge: Spanish soldier and writer, best known for his lyric poetry.
Mansa: town, northern Zambia. It is located between Lake Bangweulu to the east and the frontier with Congo (Kinshasa) to the west. It lies in an agricultural and livestock-raising area, has a battery-manufacturing plant, and is the seat of a Roman ...
mansabdar: member of the imperial bureaucracy of the Mughal Empire in India. The mansabdars governed the empire and commanded its armies in the emperor's name. Though they were usually aristocrats, they did not form a feudal aristocracy, for neither the offices ...
Mansart, Francois: architect important for establishing classicism in Baroque architecture in mid-17th-century France. His buildings are notable for their subtlety, elegance, and harmony. His most complete surviving work is the chateau of Maisons.
Mansart, Jules Hardouin-: French architect and city planner to King Louis XIV who completed the design of Versailles.
Mansbridge, Albert: largely self-educated educator, the founder and chief organizer of the adult-education movement in Great Britain.
Mansehra: town, northeastern North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. The town is situated at the southern end of the Pakhli Plain on the Bhut Stream, a tributary to the Siran River, at an elevation of 3,682 feet (1,122 m) above sea level. It ...
Mansel, Henry Longueville: British philosopher and Anglican theologian and priest remembered for his exposition of the philosophy of the Scottish thinker Sir William Hamilton (1788-1856).
Mansfeld, Ernst, Graf von: Roman Catholic mercenary who fought for the Protestant cause during the Thirty Years' War (1618-48); he was the Catholic League's most dangerous opponent until his death in 1626.
Mansfield: city, seat (1808) of Richland county, north-central Ohio, U.S., on a fork of the Mohican River. Laid out in 1808, it was named for Jared Mansfield, U.S. surveyor general. The arrival of the Mansfield and Sandusky Railroad (1846; now Baltimore ...