any of the Scottish courtly poets who flourished from about 1425 to 1550. The best known are Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, Gavin Douglas, and Sir David Lyndsay; the group is sometimes expanded to include James I of Scotland and Harry ...
archbishop and primate of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus. He was a leader in the struggle for enosis (union) with Greece during the postwar British occupation, and, from 1959 until his death in 1977, he was the president of independent ...
narrow passage of the west-central Pacific Ocean, Indonesia. Extending 500 miles (800 km) northeast-southwest from the Celebes Sea to the Java Sea, the strait passes between Borneo on the west and Celebes on the east and is 80 to 230 ...
island of French Polynesia, administratively part of the Iles du Vent (Windward Group) of the Society Islands. It lies in the central South Pacific, 130 miles (210 km) northeast of Tahiti. Sighted by the Dutch navigator Jacob Roggeveen (1772), it ...
city, south-central Luzon, Philippines. A southern residential, financial, and industrial suburb of Manila, it has a large, modern manufacturing complex along its segment of the belt highway, where a number of national and foreign firms are located. Makati's Forbes Park ...
colonial Presbyterian leader at Accomack, Va., who joined in forming the first American presbytery (1706) that united the scattered Dissenting churches in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.
town, central Sierra Leone. Makeni grew as a trade and collecting centre among the Temne people. Palm oil and kernels and rice collected in Makeni are transported by road to Freetown, 85 miles (135 km) west-southwest. The town is known ...
in the performing arts, motion pictures, or television, any of the materials used by actors for cosmetic purposes and as an aid in taking on the appearance appropriate to the characters they play. (See also cosmetic.)
region of sandy alkaline clay depressions (pans) in northeastern Botswana. The pans form a broad inland basin that descends gradually from 3,150 feet (960 m) in the west to 2,975 feet (900 m) and then rise more steeply to between ...
port and capital of Dagestan republic, southwestern Russia. The city is situated along the western shore of the Caspian Sea, at the northern end of a narrow coastal plain. Founded as the Petrovskoye fortress in 1844, it became Petrovsk Port ...
(Japanese: "sprinkled picture"), lacquer ware on which the design is made by sprinkling or spraying wet lacquer with metallic powder, usually gold or silver, from a dusting tube, sprinkler canister (makizutsu), or hair-tipped paint brush (kebo). The technique was developed ...
city, Donetsk oblast (province), eastern Ukraine. The city was founded as Dmitriyevsk in 1899 with the establishment of a metallurgical works; the nearby small village of Makiyivka was later absorbed into the city. Dmitriyevsk subsequently developed as one of the ...
(Isurus), any of certain swift, active, potentially dangerous sharks of the mackerel shark family, Isuridae. Two species are generally recognized, I. oxyrinchus of the Atlantic and the closely related I. glaucus of the Indo-Pacific.
town and capital of Ogooue-Ivindo province, northeastern Gabon, central Africa, on the Ivindo River where it receives the Liboumba and Mounianghi rivers. Pygmies live in the surrounding forest. The town lies in the heart of a major lumbering region, and, ...
division of Baluchistan province, Pakistan. Administratively it comprises Turbat, Gwadar, and Panjgur districts and has an area of 23,460 sq mi (60,761 sq km). It is bounded by the Siahan range (north), which separates it from Kharan district, by Kalat ...
coastal region of Baluchistan in southeastern Iran and southwestern Pakistan, constituting the Makran Coast, a 600-mi (1,000-km) stretch along the Gulf of Oman from Ra's (cape) al-Kuh, Iran (west of Jask), to Lasbela District, Pakistan (near Karachi). The name is ...
floor covering handwoven in or near the coastal village of Fethiye, southwest Turkey. These are rare, comparatively small rugs with rather simple, bold designs and rich, vibrant colours.
(Arabic: "school"), Muslim elementary school. Until the 20th century, boys were instructed in Qur'an recitation, reading, writing, and grammar in maktabs, which were the only means of mass education. The teacher was not always highly qualified and had other religious ...
any of several South American Indian societies who traditionally hunted, gathered wild plant foods, and fished in the basins of the Rio Negro and the Vaupes River in Colombia. The Maku comprised small bands of forest nomads. The present-day Maku ...
a Bantu language that is closely related to Lomwe and is spoken in northern Mozambique. The Bantu languages form a subgroup of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Makua had about six million speakers in the late 20th ...
town, capital of Benue state, east-central Nigeria. It lies on the south bank of the Benue River. Founded about 1927 when the railroad from Port Harcourt (279 miles [449 km] south-southwest) was extended to Jos and Kaduna, Makurdi rapidly developed ...
name long applied to the southern part of India's western coast, approximately from Goa southward, which is bordered on the east by the Western Ghats range. The name has sometimes encompassed the entire western coast of peninsular India. It now ...
a Chaldean rite church of southern India (Kerala) that united with Rome after the Portuguese colonization of Goa at the end of the 15th century. The Portuguese viewed these Christians of St. Thomas, as they called themselves, as Nestorian heretics, ...
capital of Equatorial Guinea. It lies on the northern edge of the island of Bioko (or Fernando Po) on the rim of a sunken volcano. With an average temperature of 77° F (25° C) and an annual rainfall of 75 ...
waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the west and West Malaysia and peninsular Thailand to the east and has an area of 25,000 ...
(1403?-1511), Malay dynasty that ruled the great entrepot of Malacca (Melaka) and its dependencies and provided Malay history with its golden age, still evoked in idiom and institutions. The founder and first ruler of Malacca, Paramesvara (d. 1424, Malacca), a ...
the last of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets, grouped together as the Twelve in the Jewish canon. The author is unknown; Malachi is merely a transliteration of a Hebrew word meaning "my messenger."
a minor ore but a widespread mineral of copper, basic copper carbonate, Cu2CO3(OH)2. Because of its distinctive bright green colour and its presence in the weathered zone of nearly all copper deposits, malachite serves as a prospecting guide for that ...
triphenylmethane dye used medicinally in dilute solution as a local antiseptic. Malachite green is effective against fungi and gram-positive bacteria. In the fish-breeding industry it has been used to control the fungus Saprolegnia, a water mold that kills the eggs ...
any member of the 22,000 species of the class Malacostraca (subphylum Crustacea), a widely distributed group of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial invertebrates.
sweet, usually red, fortified wine that originated in the southern Spanish Mediterranean coastal province from which it takes its name. The term may also be applied generically to any of a variety of heavy, sweet red wines, including certain kosher ...
a cluster of languages spoken on Madagascar and adjacent islands and belonging to the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family of languages. The various Malagasy dialects are all closely related, having diversified only in the last 2,000 years when Madagascar was settled by ...
volcanic island in the Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It lies 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Guadalcanal across Indispensable Strait. The island is about 115 miles (185 km) long and 22 miles (35 km) across at its widest point, ...
town, east-central Sudan. It lies along the right bank of the White Nile just below the latter's confluence with the Sobat River, 430 miles (690 km) south of Khartoum. The Junqali project, a joint Sudanese-Egyptian plan aimed at increasing agricultural ...
West Semitic sun god and messenger god, worshiped primarily in the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra; he was variously identified by the Greeks with Zeus and with Hermes and by the Romans with Sol. His name may have been of ...
town, Hauts-de-Seine departement, Paris region, north-central France. A southwestern industrial suburb of Paris, it has an electrical-engineering school and manufactures electrical equipment, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and precision instruments. The town was created in 1883 and was named for the fortress of ...
second largest island (781 square miles [2,023 square km]) of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Volcanic in origin, it is 55 miles (90 km) long by 23 miles (37 km) wide and lies 20 miles (32 km) south of ...
a Sufi (Muslim mystic) group that flourished in Samanid Iran during the 8th century. The name Malamatiyah was derived from the Arabic verb la'ma ("to be ignoble," or "to be wicked"). Malamati doctrines were based on the reproach of the ...
