American linguist and originator of stratificational grammar, an outgrowth of glossematics theory. (Glossematics theory is based on glossemes, the smallest meaningful units of a language.)
American physicist and corecipient, with Polykarp Kusch, of the 1955 Nobel Prize for Physics for experimental work that spurred refinements in the quantum theories of electromagnetic phenomena.
a Bantu-speaking people living in the Keran River valley and Togo Mountains of northeastern Togo and adjacent areas of Benin. The Lamba, like the neighbouring and related Kabre, claim descent from autochthonous Lama; megaliths and ancient pottery attest to the ...
the intimate companion of Queen Marie-Antoinette of France; she was murdered by a crowd during the French Revolution for her alleged participation in the queen's counterrevolutionary intrigues.
city, west-central Gabon, located on an island in the Ogooue River at a point where the river is over half a mile wide. It is a trading and lumbering centre with a steamboat landing, an airport, and road connections to ...
departamento (formed 1874) of northern Peru. It consists of an arid desert coastal plain that climbs gently eastward from the Pacific Ocean to the Andes Mountains. Vast irrigation projects have made Lambayeque one of Peru's major agricultural regions and a ...
American gridiron football coach who had one of the longest and most distinguished careers in the history of the game. A founder of the Green Bay Packers in 1919, he served through 1949 as head coach of the only major ...
duck-billed dinosaur (hadrosaur) notable for the hatchet-shaped hollow bony crest on top of its skull. Fossils of this herbivore date to the Late Cretaceous Period (99 million to 65 million years old) of North America. Lambeosaurus was first discovered in ...
Belgian statesman who in 1863 helped free Belgium's maritime commerce by negotiating a settlement of the Schelde Question-the dispute over Dutch control of the maritime commerce of Antwerp, Belgium's main port.
unit of luminance (brightness) in the centimetre-gram-second system of physical measurement. (See the International System of Units.) It is defined as the brightness of a perfectly diffusing surface that radiates or reflects one lumen per square centimetre. The unit was ...
conic projection for making maps and charts in which a cone is, in effect, placed over the Earth with its apex aligned with one of the geographic poles. The cone is so positioned that it cuts into the Earth at ...
duke of Spoleto, king of Italy, and Holy Roman emperor (892-898) during the turbulent late Carolingian Age. He was one of many claimants to the imperial title.
Swiss German mathematician, astronomer, physicist, and philosopher who provided the first rigorous proof that pi (the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter) is irrational, meaning that it cannot be expressed as the quotient of two integers.
a leading Parliamentary general during the English Civil Wars and the principal architect of the Protectorate, the form of republican government existing in England from 1653 to 1659.
inner borough of London, part of the historic county of Surrey, extending southward from the River Thames. It includes the districts of (roughly north to south) Lambeth, Vauxhall, Kennington, South Lambeth, Stockwell, and Brixton and large parts of Clapham, Balham, ...
any of the periodic gatherings of bishops of the Anglican Communion held initially (1867-1968) at Lambeth Palace (the London house of the archbishop of Canterbury) and, since 1978, at Canterbury, England. They are important as a means of expressing united ...
, official London residence of the Anglican archbishop of Canterbury and until 1978 the site of the Lambeth Conference, an episcopal assembly that is called about once every 10 years (the conference now meets at Canterbury).
four points that constitute the basis for union discussions of the Anglican Communion with other Christian groups: acceptance of Holy Scripture as the rule of faith; the Apostles' and the Nicene creeds; the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper; ...
(1860-61), wave of anti-Chinese disturbances in the goldfields of New South Wales, Australia, which led to restriction of Chinese immigration. Many white and Chinese miners had flocked to the settlement of Lambing Flat (now called Young) when gold was discovered ...
(species Kalmia angustifolia), an open upright woody shrub of the heath family (Ericaceae). Lambkill is 0.3-1.2 m (1-4 feet) tall and has glossy, leathery, evergreen leaves and showy pink to rose flowers. It contains andromedotoxin, a poison also common to ...
African musical instrument consisting of a set of tuned metal or bamboo tongues (lamellae) of varying length attached at one end to a soundboard that often has a box or calabash resonator. Board-mounted lamellaphones are often played inside gourds or ...
French priest and philosophical and political writer who attempted to combine political liberalism with Roman Catholicism after the French Revolution. A brilliant writer, he was an influential but controversial figure in the history of the church in France.
a nonnarrative poem expressing deep grief or sorrow over a personal loss. The form developed as part of the oral tradition along with heroic poetry and exists in most languages. Examples include Deor's Lament, an early Anglo-Saxon poem, in which ...
ancient Sumerian composition bewailing the collapse of the 3rd Dynasty of Ur (c. 2112-c. 2004 BC) in southern Mesopotamia. The lament, primarily composed of 11 "songs" or stanzas of unequal length, begins by enumerating some of the prominent cities and ...
Old Testament book belonging to the third section of the biblical canon, known as the Ketuvim, or Writings. In the Hebrew Bible, Lamentations stands with Ruth, the Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, and Esther and with them makes up the Megillot, ...
city of central Greece in the Sperkhios River valley at the foot of the Othris Mountains, near the Gulf of Euboea. It is the capital of the Fthiotis nomos (department) and the seat of a bishop of the Greek Orthodox ...
in classical mythology, a female daemon who devoured children. According to late myths she was a queen of Libya who was beloved by Zeus. When Hera robbed her of her children from this union, Lamia killed every child she could ...
the mint family of flowering plants, with about 160 genera and 3,500 species, the largest family of the order Lamiales. It is important to humans for herb plants useful for flavour, fragrance, or medicinal properties. Most members of the family ...
the mint order of the flowering plants, belonging to the class called dicotyledon (Magnoliopsida; characterized by two seed leaves). It comprises some 7,800 species in four families. The mint (Lamiaceae) and the verbena (Verbenaceae) families account for some three-quarters of ...
conflict in which Athenian independence was lost despite efforts by Athens and its Aetolian allies to free themselves from Macedonian domination after the death of Alexander the Great. Athenian democratic leaders, in conjunction with the Aetolian League, fielded an army ...
type of fluid (gas or liquid) flow in which the fluid travels smoothly or in regular paths, in contrast to turbulent flow, in which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations and mixing. In laminar flow, sometimes called streamline flow, the velocity, ...
in technology, the process of building up successive layers of a substance, such as wood or textiles, and bonding them with resin to form a finished product. Laminated board, for example, consists of thin layers of wood bonded together; similarly, ...
section of the McPherson Range, southeastern Queensland, Australia, near the New South Wales border. With an average elevation of 2,000 feet (600 m), it occupies an area of about 75 square miles (195 square km). The headwaters of the Nerang, ...
(species Gypaetus barbatus), big eaglelike vulture of the Old World (family Accipitridae), frequently over 1 m (40 inches) long, with a wingspread of nearly 3 m (10 feet). Brown above and tawny below, the lammergeier has spots on the breast, ...
county, north-central Vermont, U.S. Its topography is mountainous, with the main ridge of the Green Mountains traversing the western part of the county. The region contains some of the state's highest mountains-including the Sterling Range and Hogback, Cold Hollow, and ...
American banker and financier who began his career by reorganizing corporations and went on to help establish financial stability in countries around the world.
a device for producing illumination, consisting originally of a vessel containing a wick soaked in combustible material, and subsequently such other light-producing instruments as gas and electric lamps.
any member of the phylum Brachiopoda, a group of bottom-dwelling marine invertebrates. They are covered by two valves, or shells; one valve covers the dorsal, or top, side; the other covers the ventral, or bottom, side. The valves, of unequal ...
