insurance against claims of loss or damage for which a policyholder might have to compensate another party. The policy covers losses resulting from acts or omissions which are legally deemed to be negligent and which result in damage to the ...
any long-stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil and climbs or twines around other plants. They are a conspicuous component of tropical forest ecosystems and represent one of the most important structural differences between tropical and temperate forests. ...
Chinese playwright and author of the first play of the Kun school (kunqu) of dramatic singing. When his great actor friend Wei Liangfu developed a new, subtler, and quieter style of dramatic singing, he asked Liang to ...
writer, translator, and literary critic known for his devastating critique of modern romantic Chinese literature and for his insistence on the aesthetic, rather than the propagandistic, purpose of literary expression.
Neo-Confucian philosopher and writer who attempted to demonstrate the relevance of Confucianism to China's problems in the 20th century. A believer in the unity of thought and action, Liang became a leader in attempts at peasant organization. He also was ...
(907-1125), dynasty formed by the nomadic Khitan tribes in much of present-day Manchuria (Northeast Provinces) and Mongolia and the northeastern corner of China proper. Adopting the Chinese dynastic name of Liao, the Khitan created a dual government to rule their ...
river in the southern Northeast (Manchuria) region in Liaoning province and Inner Mongolian autonomous region, China. The Liao River system drains the southern part of the Liao and Sungari plains of central Northeast China. Its drainage area is divided from ...
city in central Liaoning sheng (province), China. Liao-yang is situated on the T'ai-tzu River, some 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Shen-yang (Mukden), and 12 miles (19 km) northeast of the great industrial city of An-shan.
city, southwestern Kirin sheng (province), China. Liao-yuan is on the north bank of the upper Tung-liao River, about 60 miles (100 km) south of Ch'ang-ch'un. Standing on the border between the plains and the hills, it was originally a Manchu ...
sheng (province) of the Northeast region of China (formerly called Manchuria). With an area of 56,300 square miles (145,700 square kilometres), Liaoning is bounded on the northeast by the province of Kirin, on the east by North ...
large peninsula jutting out in a southwesterly direction from the southern coastline of Liaoning province, northeastern China. It partly separates the Po Hai (Gulf of Chihli) (west) from Korea Bay (east), and, with the Shantung Peninsula to the south, it ...
the paradox that if "This sentence is not true" is true, then it is not true, and if it is not true, then it is true. This example shows that certain formulations of words, though grammatically correct, are logically nonsensical. ...
river in northwestern Canada. It rises in the Saint Cyr Range of the Pelly Mountains, Yukon Territory, and flows southeast into British Columbia, then northeast to join the Mackenzie River at Fort Simpson in the Northwest Territories, after a course ...
genus of perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae, containing approximately 30 species, native to North America. They have tall spikelike clusters of purple or pinkish purple flower heads that are surrounded by many scaly bracts (leaflike structures). Their long thin ...
Greek Sophist and rhetorician whose orations and letters are a major source of information on the political, social, and economic life of Antioch and of the eastern part of the Roman Empire in the 4th century.
German chemist, physician, and alchemist who made important chemical discoveries but is most noted as the author of the first modern chemistry textbook.
American chemist whose technique of carbon-14 (or radiocarbon) dating provided an extremely valuable tool for archaeologists, anthropologists, and earth scientists. For this development he was honoured with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1960.
in Roman religion, a pair of fertility and cultivation deities of uncertain origin. Liber, though an old and native Italian deity, came to be identified with Dionysus. The triad Ceres, Liber, and Libera (his female counterpart) represented in Rome, from ...
Visigothic law code that formed the basis of medieval Spanish law. It was promulgated in 654 by King Recceswinth and was revised in 681 and 693. Although called Visigothic, the code was in Latin and owed much to Roman tradition.
city, seat (1892) of Seward county, southwestern Kansas, U.S. It lies near the Oklahoma border just north of the Oklahoma Panhandle. Founded in 1888, it was so-named because a local landowner, L.E. Keefes, was "liberal" in allowing the use of ...
college or university curriculum aimed at imparting general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. In the medieval European university the seven liberal arts were grammar, rhetoric, and logic (the trivium) and ...
British political party founded in 1988 through a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party, or SDP. In the middle ground between the dominant Labour Party and the Conservative Party, the Liberal Democrats occupy a centre-left, libertarian ...
a minor U.S. political party in New York state, founded in May 1944 by leaders of the moderate wing of the American Labor Party in revolt against the alleged infiltration of that party by communists. Although the party has usually ...
a British political party that emerged in the mid-19th century as the successor to the historic Whig Party. It was the major party in opposition to the Conservatives until 1918, after which it was supplanted by the Labour Party. The ...
centrist Canadian political party, one of the major parties in the country since the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. The Liberal Party has been the governing party at the federal level for most of the period since ...
insurgent reform wing of the U.S. Republican Party that challenged what it considered the corruption of President Ulysses S. Grant's administration by nominating a rival slate of candidates in the national election of November 1872. Led by such prominent Americans ...
Japan's largest political party, which has held power almost continuously since its formation in 1955. The party has generally worked closely with business interests and followed a pro-U.S. foreign policy. During nearly four decades of uninterrupted power (1955-93), the LDP ...
political doctrine that takes the abuse of power, and thus the freedom of the individual, as the central problem of government. For liberals, power is most importantly abused by governments, but it may also be abused by the wealthy; by ...
in late 20th-century Roman Catholicism, a movement centred in Latin America that sought to apply religious faith by aiding the poor and oppressed through involvement in political and civic affairs. It stressed both heightened awareness of the socioeconomic structures that ...
first major liberal political group in Russia. The Union was founded in St. Petersburg in January 1904 to be a covert organization working to replace absolutism with a constitutional monarchy. Originally the creation of liberal nobility, it soon was dominated ...
weekly newspaper of abolitionist crusader William Lloyd Garrison for 35 years (Jan. 1, 1831-Dec. 29, 1865). It was the most influential antislavery periodical in the pre-Civil War period of U.S. history. Although The Liberator, published in Boston, could claim a ...
city, Severocesky kraj (region), northern Czech Republic. It lies in the valley of the Luzicka Nisa (German: Lausitzer Neisse) River amid the Giant (Krkonose) Mountains. Founded in the 13th century and chartered in 1577, Liberec was inhabited mainly by Germans ...
city, northwestern Costa Rica. It lies along the Liberia River, a tributary of the Tempisque, at the foot of the Cordillera de Guanacaste. Liberia is a commercial centre for the surrounding agricultural lands on which livestock is raised and fruits, ...
republic of western Africa. It has an area of about 38,250 square miles (99,067 square kilometres). Liberia is bounded by Sierra Leone to the northwest, Guinea to the north, Cote d'Ivoire to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the ...
U.S. political party devoted to the principles of libertarianism. It supports the rights of individuals to exercise virtual sole authority over their lives and sets itself against the traditional services and regulatory and coercive powers of federal, state, and local ...
political philosophy that takes individual liberty to be the primary political value. It may be understood as a form of liberalism, the political philosophy associated with the English philosophers John Locke and John Stuart Mill, the Scottish economist Adam Smith, ...
large bell, a traditional symbol of U.S. freedom, commissioned in 1751 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly to hang in the new State House (renamed Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. It was cast in London by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, purchased for ...
island, off the southern tip of Manhattan Island, New York, New York, U.S., in Upper New York Bay. It has an area of about 12 acres (5 hectares) and is the site of French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi's "Liberty Enlightening the ...
U.S. political party (1840-48) created by abolitionists who believed in political action to further antislavery goals. In opposition to William Lloyd Garrison and his followers (who scorned political activity as both futile and sinful in the battle to end slavery), ...
organizations formed in the American colonies in the summer of 1765 to oppose the Stamp Act. They took their name from a speech given in the British Parliament by Isaac Barre (February 1765), in which he referred to the colonials ...
colossal statue on Liberty Island in the Upper New York Bay, U.S., commemorating the friendship of the peoples of the United States and France. Standing 305 feet (93 metres) high including its pedestal, it represents a woman holding a torch ...
village, Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. Lying on the Des Plaines River, it is a suburb of Chicago, located 35 miles (55 km) north of downtown. It was first settled about 1834 and known as Vardin's Grove, for the first ...
