Scottish Roman Catholic bishop and historian and an adviser of Mary Stuart, queen of Scots. He was involved in plots to overthrow the Protestant government of Queen Elizabeth I and to place Mary on the throne of England.
city, Krasnoyarsk kray (region), Russia. The city extends for 19 miles (30 km) along the Yenisey River. It is a wood-processing centre and an important Yenisey River port. Lesosibirsk was formed in 1975 from two merged towns-Maklakovo and Novomaklakovo. The ...
independent kingdom in southern Africa. With an area of 11,720 square miles (30,355 square km); it forms an enclave within the Republic of South Africa, bordering on three of the latter's provinces-KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, and Eastern Cape. Thus, like only ...
any member of a genus (Lespedeza) of herbaceous plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), some of which are useful as forage and green manure crops. The approximately 40 species in the genus are native to North America, tropical and East ...
hostess of one of the most brilliant and emancipated of Parisian salons and the author of several volumes of passionate letters that reveal her romantic sensibility and genuine literary gifts.
river in southeastern Belgium. The Lesse River rises west of Libramont in the Ardennes and follows a short (52-mile [84-kilometre]), meandering northwesterly course to the Meuse River at Anseremme, a few miles south of Dinant. The river's early northward course ...
long arc of small islands in the Caribbean Sea extending in a north-south direction from the Virgin Islands to Trinidad and then in an east-west direction from Margarita to Aruba off the northern coast of Venezuela. They comprise 6 percent ...
range of folded mountains in the southern part of the Caucasus region, connected with the main Caucasus Mountains by means of the Likhsky Mountains, which form the divide between the basins of the Rioni and Kura rivers. The range covers ...
middle section of the Himalayan mountain ranges, extending southeastward across north Pakistan, north India, Nepal, Sikkim (India), and into Bhutan. The range lies between the Great (north) and Siwalik, or Outer (south), Himalayan ranges and has an average height of ...
mountain range in the northeastern section of Heilungkiang sheng (province), China. The range is connected to the Greater Khingan Range by the I-lo-hu-li Mountains, which run northwest-southeast for some 375 miles (600 km), extending southwest of the Amur River until, ...
lake in central Alberta, Canada, 130 miles (209 km) northwest of Edmonton and 400 miles (640 km) south of Great Slave Lake (in the Northwest Territories). It is 60 miles (97 km) long by 12 miles (19 km) wide and ...
German dramatist, critic, and writer on philosophy and aesthetics. He helped free German drama from the influence of classical and French models and wrote the first German plays of lasting importance. His critical essays greatly stimulated German letters and combated ...
(Sanskrit: "light," "tint"), according to Jainism, a religion of India, the special aura of the soul that can be described in terms of colour, scent, touch, and taste and that indicates the stage of spiritual progress reached by the creature, ...
town ("parish"), North Hertfordshire district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England, located north of London. Britain's first planned "garden city," much copied elsewhere, it was founded in 1903 by Sir Ebenezer Howard, founder of the New Town movement. The ...
city, southern Alberta, Canada, lying on the Oldman River near its junction with the St. Mary River, in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies 135 miles (217 km) south-southeast of Calgary.
(Greek: "Oblivion"), in Greek mythology, daughter of Eris (Strife) and the personification of oblivion. Lethe is also the name of a river or plain in the infernal regions.
in classical mythology, a Titan, the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe, and mother of the god Apollo and the goddess Artemis. The chief places of her legend were Delos and Delphi. Leto, pregnant by Zeus, sought a place of refuge ...
in commercial printing, process by which many copies of an image are produced by repeated direct impression of an inked, raised surface against sheets or a continuous roll of paper. Letterpress is the oldest of the traditional printing techniques and ...
lieutenant colonel commanding Germany's small African force during World War I, who became a determined and resourceful guerrilla leader hoping to influence the war in Europe by pinning down a disproportionately large number of Allied troops in his area.
(Lactuca sativa), cultivated annual salad plant, probably derived from the prickly lettuce (L. scariola) of the family Asteraceae. Four botanical varieties of lettuce are cultivated: (1) asparagus lettuce (variety asparagina), with narrow leaves and a thick, succulent, edible stem; (2) ...
Greek island in the Ionian Sea, forming with the island of Meganisi the nomos (department) of Levkas. The 117-sq-mi (303-sq-km) island is a hilly mass of limestone and bituminous shales culminating in the centre in Mt. Elati (3,799 ft [1,158 ...
an amino acid obtainable by the hydrolysis of most common proteins. Among the first of the amino acids to be discovered (1819), in muscle fibre and wool, it is present in large proportions (about 15 percent) in hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying ...
Greek philosopher credited by Aristotle and by Theophrastus with having originated the theory of atomism. It has been difficult to distinguish his contribution from that of his most famous pupil, Democritus. Only fragments of Leucippus' writings remain, but two works ...
one of the most important feldspathoid minerals, a potassium aluminosilicate (KAlSi2O6). It occurs only in igneous rocks, particularly potassium-rich, silica-poor, recent lavas. Some important localities include Rome; Uganda; and Leucite Hills, Wyo., U.S. Leucite is used as a fertilizer in ...
extrusive igneous rock, coloured ash gray to nearly black, that contains leucite and augite as large, single crystals (phenocrysts) in a fine-grained matrix (groundmass) of leucite, augite, sanidine, apatite, sphene, magnetite, and melilite; in this regard it is similar to ...
German zoologist and teacher who initiated the modern science of parasitology. He described the complicated life histories of various parasites, including tapeworms and the liver fluke, and demonstrated that some human diseases, such as trichinosis, are caused by multicellular animals ...
genus of tubular branched sponges of the class Calcispongiae (phylum Porifera). Found in tide pools and on wharves and represented by numerous species, the widespread genus includes most of the asconoids, structurally the simplest sponges.
(Greek: White Goddess [of the Foam]), in Greek mythology, a sea goddess first mentioned in Homer's Odyssey, in which she rescued the Greek hero Odysseus from drowning. She was customarily identified with Ino, daughter of the Phoenician Cadmus; because she ...
genus of about 50 species of shrubs, of the heath family (Ericaceae), native to North and South America and eastern Asia. Many species are grown as ornamentals, chiefly for their large, usually evergreen leaves and the white (sometimes tinged with ...
(371 BC), battle fought on the plain of Leuctra (near modern Levktra) in southern Boeotia, in which a Boeotian army under Epaminondas defeated a Spartan army under King Cleombrotus. This Spartan defeat in the Boeotian-Athenian war against Sparta of 379-371 ...
Swiss peasant hero, spokesman for rural discontent, and leader of the peasant revolt at Bern (1653), for which he earned the sobriquet King of the Peasants.
a cancer of the blood-forming tissues characterized by a large increase in the numbers of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the circulation or bone marrow. A number of different leukemias are classified according to the course of the disease and ...
a cellular component of the blood that lacks hemoglobin, has a nucleus, is capable of motility, and defends the body against infection and disease by ingesting foreign materials and cellular debris, by destroying infectious agents and cancer cells, or by ...
abnormally high number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood circulation, defined, for statistical purposes, as more than 10,000 leukocytes per cubic millimetre of blood. Leukocytosis commonly occurs after strenuous exercise, convulsions (e.g., epilepsy), strong emotional reactions, ether anesthesia, ...
abnormally low number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood circulation, defined, for statistical purposes, as less than 5,000 leukocytes per cubic millimetre of blood. Leukopenia often accompanies certain infections, especially those caused by viruses or protozoans, as well ...
precancerous tumour of the mucous membranes, most common in older men and usually seen on the lips or tongue, but also known to occur in women on the vagina or vulva. Leukoplakia first appears as a small, smooth, white spot ...
abnormal flow of a whitish or yellowish discharge from the vagina of the female. Such discharges may originate from the vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, or, most commonly, the cervix. The discharge may be caused by gonorrhea or some other infection ...
German-born American historical painter whose picture Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851) numbers among the most popular and widely reproduced images of an American historical event.
city, Hauts-de-Seine departement, Paris region, France. The city is a northwestern industrial and residential suburb of Paris and is located on the right bank of the Seine River, 4 miles (6.5 km) northwest of Notre Dame cathedral. With an area ...
toolmaking technique of prehistoric Europe and Africa, characterized by the production of large flakes from a tortoise core (prepared core shaped much like an inverted tortoise shell). Such flakes, seldom further trimmed, were flat on one side, had sharp cutting ...
(from the French lever, "to rise," as in sunrise, meaning the east), historically the countries along the eastern Mediterranean shores. Common use of the term is associated with Venetian and other trading ventures and the establishment of commerce with cities ...
