lan (county) of southeastern Sweden, in Gotaland region, on the Baltic Sea. It has two distinct parts: the mainland, forming the eastern part of the traditional landskap (province) of Smaland, and the island landskap of Oland (q.v.). Between Oland and ...
city, port, and capital of the lan (county) of Kalmar, southeastern Sweden. Built partly on two small islands, it lies on Kalmar Sound, which separates mainland Sweden from the island of Oland. Founded in the 12th century in a strategic ...
Scandinavian union formed at Kalmar, Sweden, in June 1397 that brought the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark together under a single monarch until 1523.
(1611-13), the war between Denmark and Sweden for control of the northern Norwegian coast and hinterland, which resulted in Sweden's acceptance of Denmark-Norway's sovereignty over the area.
any of about six species of evergreen shrubs constituting a genus (Kalmia) in the heath family (Ericaceae). All the species occur in North America and the West Indies. The leaves, which are borne on short stalks, are smooth-edged and opposite, ...
Mongol people residing chiefly in Kalmykia republic, in southwestern Russia. Their language belongs to the Oyrat (Oirat), or western, branch of the Mongolian language group. The Oyrat dialects are also spoken in western Mongolia, Sinkiang, and neighbouring provinces of China. ...
republic in southwestern Russia, lying northwest of the Caspian Sea and west of the lower Volga River. On the east it reaches the Caspian shore, and in the northeast it touches the Volga. Most of the republic lies in the ...
town, Bacs-Kiskun megye (county), central Hungary, located just east of the Danube River. It was one of the bishoprics founded by the first king of Hungary, Stephen I, and was a thriving medieval town until it was sacked by the ...
a text held in great honour by the Svetambara sect of Jainism, a religion of India. It deals with the lives of the 24 Jaina saviours, the Tirthankaras; the succession of pontiffs; and the rules for monks during the Paryusana ...
manual of Hindu religious practice, a number of which emerged within the different schools of the Veda, the earliest sacred literature of India. Each manual explains the procedures (kalpa) of its school as it applies to three different categories: the ...
city and administrative centre of Kaluga oblast (province), western Russia, west of Moscow on the Oka River. Founded in the 14th century as a stronghold against the Tatars on the southern borders of Muscovy, it later became a seat of ...
oblast (province), western Russia. It occupies an area in the upper Oka River basin southwest of Moscow oblast. Broad, often swampy valleys alternate with rolling hills of the Central Russian Upland. The natural vegetation-mixed forest of oak, spruce, pine, and ...
town, north-central Zambia, southern Africa. Kalulushi is located near the Congo (Kinshasa) border and is about 175 miles (280 km) north of Lusaka, with which it is connected by road. Main roads connect it with other mining centres such as ...
city, Vestsjaelland amtskommune (county), northwestern Sjaelland (Zealand), Denmark, situated on Kalundborg Fjord. A favourite royal seat in the European Middle Ages (chartered 1485), its castle was a frequent meeting place for the Danehof (national assembly). The castle in later times ...
city, Ivano-Frankovsk oblast (province), southwestern Ukraine. Kalush was incorporated as a city in 1939 and became the centre of Kalush rayon (sector). It is approximately 56 miles (90 km) southeast of Lviv and is on the Ivano-Frankovsk-Stry rail line. Industries ...
town, southwestern Sri Lanka. The town, situated on the coast, is a fishing and trade centre. The local craft is making rope, baskets, and other articles from the fibre of the coconut palm. A Portuguese fort in Kalutara surrendered to ...
in Baltic religion, the heavenly smith, usually associated with a huge iron hammer. A smith in the tradition of the Greek Hephaistos and the Vedic Tvastr, Kalvis also seems to have been a dragon killer, a function in which he ...
city, western Maharashtra state, western India, on the Ulhas River, northeast of Bombay, a part of the Greater Bombay urban agglomeration. A relatively unimportant trading centre in Roman times, Kalyan was fortified by Shah Jahan during the Mughal period. It ...
city, Khmelnytskyy oblast (province), western Ukraine, on the Smotrych River. The city is one of the largest and oldest in the Dniester River basin, dating to at least the 11th century. Lying at a superbly defensible site where the river ...
in the mythology of India, the god of love. During the Vedic age, he personified cosmic desire, or the creative impulse, and is called the first-born of the primeval chaos that makes all later creation possible. In later periods he ...
river in west-central Russia. Rising in the Upper Kama Upland of Udmurtia, it flows north, then east, south, and southwest for 1,122 miles (1,805 km) until it enters the Volga River below Kazan, in the Samara Reservoir. It drains a ...
meteoritic mineral consisting of iron alloyed with 5 to 7 percent nickel. It is found in iron meteorites and comprises all the metal in hexahedrites; it also is a principal constituent of the octahedrites, where it is intergrown with taenite ...
city, Iwate Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, facing Kamaishi Bay on the Pacific Ocean. Kamaishi was a small fishing village until magnetite was discovered in the area in 1727, and Japan's first European-style blast furnace was constructed in the city in ...
city, Kanagawa Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, on the Pacific Ocean, south of Yokohama. Situated at the western base of the Miura Peninsula, it is enclosed on three sides by hills and has fine sandy beaches to the south. Kamakura was ...
in Japanese history, the period from 1192 to 1333 during which the basis of feudalism was firmly established. It was named for the city where Minamoto Yoritomo set up the headquarters of his military government, commonly known as the Kamakura ...
(Japanese: "Kamakura carving"), in Japanese lacquerwork, technique in which designs are carved in wood and then coated with red or black lacquer. Originally, it was an imitation of a Chinese carved lacquer (tiao-ch'i, called tsuishu in Japanese) in which many ...
stringed instrument of the fiddle family prominent in Arab and Persian art music. It is a spike fiddle; i.e., its small, round or cylindrical body appears skewered by the neck, which forms a "foot" that the instrument rests on when ...
Indian statesman who rose from the Nadar (next-to-lowest) caste to become chief minister of Madras (later Tamil Nadu) and president of the Congress Party.
island in the Red Sea off the coast of Yemen, to which it belongs. The largest member of an archipelago, it is 22 square miles (57 square km) in area. Its name, meaning "two moons" in Arabic, refers to a ...
style of painted pottery that flourished on Crete during the Middle Minoan period (c. 2100-c. 1550 BC). Surviving examples include ridged cups, small, round spouted jars, and large storage jars (pithoi), on which combinations of abstract curvilinear designs and stylized ...
city, east-central West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies just east of the Hooghly River and is part of the Calcutta urban agglomeration. The city's major industries include jute and cotton milling, leather tanning, and the manufacture of rubber goods, ...
ancient Indian state corresponding roughly to what is now the state of Assam in northeastern India. This region had many rulers but, being protected by natural fortifications, maintained fairly consistent territorial boundaries.
mining town, southern Western Australia. It lies 37 miles (60 km) south of Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Gold was mined there from 1896 to 1906, but the site's modern importance dates from 1966, when deposits of high-grade nickel were discovered in the vicinity. ...
one of Iceland's most important 20th-century dramatists and novelists. His work, which is anchored in a deep historical awareness, frequently criticized modern Western values and spoke in favour of compassion and understanding. He wrote his works in both the Icelandic ...
oblast (province), far eastern Russia. Kamchatka oblast includes the entire Kamchatka Peninsula and the southern end of the Koryak Mountains. It includes the Koryak autonomous okrug (district). The administrative centre is Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (q.v.). The population, averaging only 2.3 persons per ...
peninsula in far eastern Russia, lying between the Sea of Okhotsk on the west and the Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea on the east. It is about 750 miles (1,200 km) long north-south and about 300 miles (480 km) across ...
river, far eastern Russia. It rises in the Sredinny ("Central") Range of the Kamchatka Peninsula and flows north and east about 478 miles (758 km) past Milkovo, head of shallow-draught navigation, to the Bering Sea. The river freezes from November ...
moundlike hill of poorly sorted drift, mostly sand and gravel, deposited at or near the terminus of a glacier. A kame may be produced either as a delta of a meltwater stream or as an accumulation of debris let down ...
Hawaiian conqueror and king who, by 1810, had united all the Hawaiian islands and founded the Kamehameha dynasty, the most enduring and best-documented line of Hawaiian rulers.
Hawaiian sovereign known for his firm opposition to the annexation of his kingdom by the United States. As Kamehameha IV, he strove to curb the political power of the American Protestant missionaries in the Hawaiian Islands. Dedicated to protecting his ...
