American economist whose work in developing macroeconometric models for national, regional, and world economies won him the 1980 Nobel Prize for Economics.
nee Reizes Austrian-born British psychoanalyst known for her work with young children, in which observations of free play provided insights into the child's unconscious fantasy life, enabling her to psychoanalyze children as young as two or three years of age.
group of engravers, working mostly in Nurnberg in the second quarter of the 16th century, whose forms and subjects were influenced by the works of Albrecht Durer. Their engravings were small and thus easily portable. Usually flawless in technique, they ...
German administrator and cleric who discovered (1745) the Leyden jar, a fundamental electric circuit element for storing electricity, now usually referred to as a capacitor. The device was independently discovered at about the same time by Pieter van Musschenbroek, who ...
German lyric poet best known for his long poem Der Fruhling, which, with its realistically observed details of nature, contributed to the development of a new poetic style.
the first of the great German dramatists of the 19th century. Poets of the Realist, Expressionist, Nationalist, and Existentialist movements in France and Germany all saw their prototype in Kleist, a poet whose demonic genius had foreseen modern problems of ...
American professional baseball umpire of the National League who is considered by many the greatest umpire of all time. Klem is credited with the introduction of hand and arm signals to indicate calls of pitched balls and strikes and foul ...
German anthropologist who developed the concept of culture and is thought to have influenced the prominent English anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Tylor. Klemm spent most of his life as director of the royal library at Dresden.
recurrent compulsion to steal without regard to the value or use of the objects stolen. Although widely known and sometimes used as an attempted legal defense by arrested thieves, genuine kleptomania is a fairly rare mental disorder. A kleptomaniac may ...
town and principal centre of the Klerksdorp-area goldfields, North-West province, South Africa. It lies approximately 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Johannesburg. The "old town," which was founded in 1837 on the Schoonspruit River near its confluence with the Vaal ...
Austrian statesman, bishop of Vienna and later a cardinal, who tried to promote religious toleration during the Counter-Reformation in Austria. Converted from Protestantism by the Jesuits, he became an outstanding preacher and served as bishop of Vienna from the 1590s.
city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies northwest of Dusseldorf, less than 5 miles (8 km) south of the Dutch border. It is connected with the Rhine River by a canal. The seat of the ...
city, Moscow oblast (province), western Russia. First documented in 1234, it was for long a fort between the principalities of Moscow and Tver. In the 18th century, after a period of unimportance, Klin became a transport centre on the Moscow-St. ...
relatively common (one per 500 live male births) human sex-chromosome disorder. It is characterized by the following: small testes, lack of sperm formation, late puberty with reduced secondary sexual characteristics (but with normal-sized penis), usually a delicate and long-limbed physique, ...
dramatist and novelist, a representative of the German literary revolt against rationalism in favour of emotionalism known as the Sturm und Drang (q.v.) movement. Indeed, it took its name from his play Der Wirrwarr, oder Sturm und Drang (1776; "Confusion, ...
German painter, sculptor, and engraver, whose art of symbol, fantasy, and dreamlike situations belonged to the growing late 19th-century awareness of the subtleties of the mind. Klinger's visionary art has been linked with that of Arnold Bocklin; the expression of ...
Danish architect and celebrated furniture designer who originated the highly influential modern Scandinavian style, which notably enlarged the vocabulary of progressive design. He was also a leading exponent of ergonomics, an aspect of technology that applies biological and engineering data ...
(Oreotragus oreotragus), surefooted African antelope, family Bovidae (order Artiodactyla), inhabiting rocky heights north to Ethiopia and Nigeria. The klipspringer stands about 55 centimetres (22 inches) at the shoulder. It has a thick, coarse, grizzled coat of yellow and gray, and ...
light, elegant chair developed by the ancient Greeks. Perfected by the 5th century BC and popular throughout the 4th century BC, the klismos had four curving, splayed legs and curved back rails with a narrow concave backrest between them. Often ...
German physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1985 for his discovery that under appropriate conditions the resistance offered by an electrical conductor is quantized; that is, it varies by discrete steps rather than smoothly and continuously.
Dutch airline founded on October 7, 1919, and flying its first scheduled service, between Amsterdam and London, on May 17, 1920. It is the world's oldest continuously operating airline. Headquarters are at Amstelveen, Netherlands.
Ukrainian swimmer, who in 2004 became the first woman to win consecutive pairs of Olympic gold medals in the same events-the 200-metre and 400-metre individual medleys. Known as the "Medley Queen," she lost only one medley race in international competition ...
city, Dolnoslaskie wojewodztwo (province), southwestern Poland, in the Sudety (Sudeten) mountains on both sides of the Nysa Klodzka River. A Polish frontier settlement existed there from the 6th to the 10th century; a fortress was then built ...
tributary of the Yukon River, in western Yukon Territory, Canada. With its major tributary, the North Klondike, it rises in the Ogilvie Mountains and flows westward for 100 mi (160 km) to join the Yukon at Dawson, the river's historic ...
Dutch poet and critic who was the driving intellectual force of the 1880 Dutch literary revival and the cofounder and mainstay of its periodical, De nieuwe gids ("The New Guide"). A ruthless critic of the rhetorical, passionless nature of traditional ...
town, Bundesland Niederosterreich (federal state of Lower Austria), northeastern Austria. It lies on the west bank of the Danube River at the foot of the Leopoldsberg (1,394 feet [425 m]) and at the north edge of the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald), ...
national park in southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada. The park is a vast mountain wilderness area with extensive ice fields, located 98 miles (158 km) west of Whitehorse. It borders the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in Alaska, U.S., to ...
American professor of anthropology at Harvard University, who contributed to anthropology in a number of ways: by his ethnographic studies of the Navajo; by his theories of culture, partial-value systems, and cultural patterns; by his intellectual leadership and stimulation of ...
British chemist who was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his investigations of the three-dimensional structure of viruses and other particles that are combinations of nucleic acids and proteins, and for the development of crystallographic electron microscopy.
German field marshal who was one of Adolf Hitler's ablest commanders on the Eastern Front during World War II. Later he played a vacillating role in the conspiracy of 1944 against the Fuhrer.
thermionic electron tube that generates or amplifies microwaves by controlling the speed of a stream of electrons. The electrons are originally accelerated to high velocity by a potential of several hundred volts and enter a narrow gap that forms part ...
active volcano of the Kamchatka Peninsula, far eastern Russia. It is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world, rising to a height of 15,584 feet (4,750 m), the highest point on the peninsula. The volcano consists of a ...
Russian historian whose sociological approach to the study of Russia's past and lively writing and lecturing style made him one of the foremost scholars of his time.
(1805-08; German: "The Boy's Magic Horn"), anthology of German folk songs, subtitled Alte deutsche Lieder ("Old German Songs"), that established its editors, the poet Clemens Brentano and the antiquarian Achim von Arnim (qq.v.), as leaders of the Romantic movement by ...
city, Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Kiso River, in the northern part of the Owari plain. Konan has been a centre of sericulture (silk-production) since the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603-1867) and includes ...
town ("parish"), Harrogate borough, administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England. It lies on the left bank of the River Nidd where the river has cut a deep gorge in limestone. Knaresborough Castle was founded there in ...
hinge joint that is formed by the meeting of the thigh bone (femur) and the larger bone (tibia) of the lower leg. The knee is the largest joint in the body and has to sustain the greatest stresses, since it ...
sudden kicking movement of the lower leg in response to a sharp tap on the patellar tendon, which lies just below the kneecap. One of the several positions that a subject may take for the test is to sit with ...
