British philosopher and economist who synthesized two poles of economic thought by incorporating inductive and deductive reasoning into his methodology.
British physiologist who was the first to trace the movements of sodium and potassium during the transmission of a nerve impulse by using radioactive sodium and potassium.
body of ideas set forth by John Maynard Keynes in his General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1935-36) and other works, intended to provide a theoretical basis for government full-employment policies.
city, seat (1866) of Mineral county, eastern panhandle of West Virginia, U.S. It lies on the North Branch Potomac River, 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Cumberland, Maryland. Settled in 1802, it was known as Paddy's Town for Patrick McCarthy, ...
most important Dutch sculptor of his day and an architect whose works formed a transition between the ornamental style of the Dutch Renaissance and the classicism of the 17th century.
in silent-film comedies, insanely incompetent police force, dressed in ill-fitting, unkempt uniforms, that appeared regularly in Mack Sennett's slapstick farces from 1914 to the early 1920s. They became enshrined in American film history as genuine folk-art creations whose comic appeal ...
foreign intelligence and domestic security agency of the Soviet Union. During the Soviet era the KGB's responsibilities also included the protection of the country's political leadership, the supervision of border troops, and the general surveillance of the population.
South African poet and essayist whose writings focus on Pan-African liberation as the fruit of informed heroism and compassionate humanism. Kgositsile's verse uniquely combines indigenous South African with black American structural and rhetorical traditions.
kray (region), far eastern Russia. The kray includes the Yevreyskaya (Jewish) autonomous oblast (province). Its focus is the basin of the lower Amur River, flanked by the Sikhote-Alin mountains (south) and by the complex of mountains (north) dominated by the ...
city and administrative centre of Khabarovsk kray (region), far eastern Russia. Khabarovsk lies along the Amur River just below its confluence with the Ussuri. The town was named after the Russian explorer E.P. Khabarov, who made several expeditions to the ...
river, an important tributary of the Euphrates River. It rises in the mountains of southeastern Turkey near Diyarbakir and flows southeastward to Al-Hasakah, Syria, where it receives its main tributary, the Jaghjagh; it then meanders south to join the Euphrates ...
the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad (the founder of Islam), whom she met when she was the widow of a wealthy merchant and had become prosperous in the management of her own commercial dealings.
city, Sindh province, south-central Pakistan. The city lies along the Khairpur East Canal, 11 miles (18 km) south of the Indus River. It was founded in 1783 by Mir (chief) Sohrab Khan, who established the Khairpur branch of the Talpur ...
historical town, northern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is a famous tourist and archaeological site known for its sculptured temples dedicated to Siva (Shiva), Vishnu, and Jaina patriarchs.
people who have given their name to Khakassia republic in central Russia. The general name Khakass encompasses five Turkic-speaking groups that differ widely in their ethnic origin as well as in their culture and everyday life: the Kacha, Sagay (Sagai), ...
republic in central Russia. The republic occupies the western half of the broad Minusinsk Basin on the upper Yenisey River. The Abakan River, a tributary of the Yenisey, forms the axis of the republic. Southeast of the Abakan's valley rise ...
light brown fabric used primarily for military uniforms. It is made with cotton, wool, or combinations of these fibres, as well as with blends of synthetic fibres. It is made in a variety of weaves, such as serge.
Palestinian political activist who was a founding member of the Fatah faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and a close associate of PLO leader Yasir 'Arafat.
king of Saudi Arabia (1975-82), who succeeded his half brother Faysal as king when Faysal was assassinated in 1975. A moderate influence in Middle East politics and a relatively retiring man, he left much of the administration of the country ...
one of the two generals (with 'Amr ibn al-'As) of the enormously successful Islamic expansion under the Prophet Muhammad and his immediate successors, Abu Bakr and 'Umar.
Mamluk sultan of Egypt who completed his father Qala'un's campaign to drive the Franks from Syria. He captured Acre (now 'Akko, Israel) in the spring of 1291, and the remaining crusader fortresses were surrendered by the end of the year. ...
(1290-1320), the second ruling family of the Muslim sultanate of Delhi. This dynasty, like the previous Slave dynasty, was of Turkish origin, though the Khalji tribe had long been settled in Afghanistan. Its three kings were noted for their faithlessness, ...
largest group of the Mongol peoples, constituting more than 80 percent of the population of Mongolia. The Khalkha dialect is the official language of Mongolia. It is understood by 90 percent of the country's population as well as by many ...
("the Pure," from the Persian khales, "pure"), the dominant order of Sikhism. Most Sikh boys and girls undergo initiation into the Khalsa upon reaching puberty. The ceremony, called pahul ("baptism"), is conducted by five members of the Khalsa, who mix ...
residential town, al-Qahirah (Cairo) muhafazah (governorate), Egypt. The town is a suburb of the industrial town of Hulwan and is located in the Wadi Hawf 2 miles (3 km) north of Hulwan, on a desert tract of ...
Iranian Shi'ite clergyman and politician who served as president of Iran (1981-89) and as that country's rahbar, or leader, from 1989. A religious figure of some significance, Khamenei was generally addressed with the honorific ayatollah.
city, southwestern Saudi Arabia. It is situated about 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Abha. Khamis Mushayt is located inland in a mountainous region with fertile soil. It is traditionally a commercial centre; the name Khamis ("Thursday") signified the Thursday ...
city, north-central Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies along the Central Railway, south-southeast of Warangal. The city is a trade and commercial centre. Rice, sorghum, corn (maize), and pulses are grown in the surrounding area, and coal, garnet, iron ...
one of three regions into which the area of Central Asia inhabited by Tibetans is traditionally divided. During the 7th to 9th century AD, the central Tibetan kingdom was extended until it reached the Tarim Basin on the north, China ...
in Persian and Turkish literature, a set of five long epic poems composed in rhyming couplet, or masnavi, form. Khamseh takes its name from the five great epic poems written by Nezami (q.v.; d. 1209) and entitled Khamseh ("The Quintuplet"). ...
hot, dry, dusty wind in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula that blows from the south or southeast in late winter and early spring. It often reaches temperatures above 40° C (104° F), and it may blow continuously for three ...
historically, the ruler or monarch of a Mongol tribe (ulus). At the time of Genghis Khan (early 13th century) a distinction was made between the title of khan and that of khakan, which was the title Genghis assumed as Great ...
composer, virtuoso sarod player, and teacher, active in presenting classical Indian music to Western audiences. Khan's music is rooted in the Hindustani (northern) tradition of Indian music.
Pakistani singer who is considered one of the greatest performers of qawwali, a Sufi Muslim devotional music characterized by simple melodies, forceful rhythms, and wild improvisations that encourage a state of euphoria in the listener.
town, northeastern Iraq. Located 5 miles (8 km) from the Iranian border at a rail terminus, Khanaqin is a customs station and is situated on a main road that, before the Iran-Iraq War (1980-90) and later closure of the border, ...
city, southwestern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Located on the major roads leading from northern India to the Deccan region, it is identified with the Kognabanda of the Greek geographer Ptolemy and is traditionally said to have been surrounded by ...
city and capital of Khania nomos (department), western Crete, Greece. It was the capital of Crete from 1841 to 1971. The city lies along the eastern corner of the Gulf of Khania and occupies the neck of ...
gulf on the northwestern coast of Crete, Greece. It is enclosed on the west by the north-south Rodhopos Peninsula, which rises to 2,454 feet (748 m) in Mount Titiron, and on the east by the mushroom-shaped Akrotiri Peninsula. The well-defined ...
shallow lake on the boundary between Siberia (Russia) and China. Most of the lakeshore is in Primorsky kray (region) of Russia; the northern shore is in Heilungkiang sheng (province), China. Much of the lake is surrounded by swampland; it varies ...
