Swiss chemist who investigated the constitution of carotenoids, flavins, and vitamins A and B2, for which he shared the 1937 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Sir Norman Haworth of Great Britain.
city, northeastern Turkey. Kars is situated on a plateau 5,740 feet (1,750 m) above sea level on the Kars River, a tributary of the Aras River, near the border with Armenia. The city, divided into an older upper section and ...
Anglo-Russian ballerina whose partnership with Vaslav Nijinsky in Michel Fokine's avant-garde ballets helped to revive interest in ballet in western Europe.
city, southern Uzbekistan, in the Karshi oasis, on the Kashka River. At least 1,000 years old, it lay on the caravan route from Samarkand and Bukhara to Afghanistan and India; it was known as Nakhsheb, or Nesef, until the 14th ...
town, west-central Turkey, on the north shore of Izmir Gulf, northwest of Izmir city. It is a shipbuilding centre with port facilities and is now part of Izmir balediya (greater metropolitan area). The adjoining area is mostly agricultural; manufactures include ...
terrain usually characterized by barren, rocky ground, caves, sinkholes, underground rivers, and the absence of surface streams and lakes. It results from the excavating effects of underground water on massive soluble limestone. The term originally applied to the Karst, a ...
influential high priest of Zoroastrianism, whose aim was to purge Iran of all other religions, especially the eclectic Manichaeism founded by the 3rd-century Persian prophet Mani. What little is known of Karter comes from inscriptions on cliff faces, mostly dating ...
driving and racing miniature, skeleton-frame, rear-engine automobiles called karts, or GoKarts. The sport originated in the United States in the 1950s after the kart had been devised from unwanted lawn-mower engines. The karts usually have no protective bodywork, and the ...
river in southwestern Iran, a tributary of the Shatt al-Arab, which it joins at Khorramshahr. It rises in the Bakhtiari Mountains west of Esfahan and follows a tortuous course trending basically southwest. The Karun's total length is 515 miles (829 ...
town, central Burundi. The town, located on the Ndurumu River (a tributary to the Ruvubu), is a market centre with a government dispensary and a place of worship for Roman Catholics. A road connects it with the towns of Muyinga ...
mining city, Severomoravsky kraj (region), Czech Republic. The city is situated east of Ostrava, on the eastern bank of the Olse River, near the Polish frontier. In 1949 its municipal area was enlarged by the absorption of the town of ...
river in central Africa. It is the chief southern tributary of the Congo River, into which, at Kwamouth, Congo (Kinshasa), 125 miles (200 km) above Malebo (Stanley) Pool, it empties a volume approaching one-fifth that of the main stream. The ...
historic African kingdom on the upper Kwango River in what is now Angola. It was founded about 1620 by a group from Lunda, led by a warrior named Kasanje. They conquered and settled the plains west of the Kwango and ...
city, southwestern Okayama ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, facing the Inland Sea. It was an old temple town until its port flourished during the Tokugawa period (1603-1867). The opening of a major railway line and a textile plant made the city ...
statesman and first president of the independent Congo republic from 1960 to 1965, who shortly after independence in 1960 ousted the Congo's first premier, Patrice Lumumba, after the breakdown of order in the country.
(Arabic: "acquisition"), a doctrine in Islam adopted by the theologian al-Ash'ari (d. 935) as a mean between predestination and free will. According to al-Ash'ari, all actions, good and evil, are originated by God, but they are "acquired" (maksub, whence kasb) ...
full name Marie Luise Von Kaschnitz-weinberg, nee Von Holzing Berstett German poet and novelist noted for the hopeful and compassionate viewpoint in her numerous writings.
American portrait photographer who was one of the founders of the influential Photo-Secession group and who is best known for her evocative images of women and domestic scenes.
city, west-central Iran. It lies in a desert at the eastern foot of the Central Iranian Range, on a once-important caravan route. It is also on the southeastern branch of the Trans-Iranian Railway. Kashan is an ancient city; 2 miles ...
(Arabic: "uncovering," "revelation"), in Sufism (i.e., Islamic mysticism), the privileged inner knowledge that mystics acquire through personal experience and direct vision of God. The truths revealed through kashf cannot be transmitted to those who have not shared with them the ...
oasis city in the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China. Kashgar lies at the far western end of the Tarim Basin, in a fertile oasis of loess (silt deposited by the wind) and alluvial soils watered by the K'a-shih-ka-erh (Kashgar) ...
floor covering handwoven at Kashgar (Kashi) in Chinese Turkistan (now the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang). The Kashgar rugs are difficult to distinguish from the similar ones of Khotan (Hotan) and Yarkand (Yarkant).
city, Nara Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, in the southern corner of Nara-bonchi (Nara Basin). Of cultural importance since prehistoric times, the city is important to Japanese archaeology. The Kashihara palace is believed to have been the place where the emperor ...
city, Chiba Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, on the Joban Line (railway), northeast of Tokyo city. It was formed in 1954 by the merger of the towns of Kashiwa and Kogane and two smaller hamlets. A small post town on the ...
city, Niigata Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, in the Kashiwazaki plain, facing the Sea of Japan. During the Tokugawa era (1603-1867), it was a post town on the Hokuriku-kaido (Hokuriku Highway), which was known as the transportation route of gold from ...
oblast (province), southern Uzbekistan. Created in 1964, it has an area of 10,950 sq mi (28,400 sq km) and consists largely of the Karshi Steppe, an extensive foothill plain intersected by the Kashka River. In the east and southeast are ...
region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent. It is bounded to the northeast by the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang and to the east by the Tibet Autonomous Region (both parts of China), to the south by the Indian states of ...
(Sanskrit: Recognition), an important religio-philosophical system of India that worships Lord Siva as the supreme reality. The school is idealistic and monistic, as contrasted with the realistic and dualistic school of Saiva-siddhanta (q.v.).
type of woolen shawl woven in Kashmir. According to tradition, the founder of the industry was Zayn-ul-'Abidin, a 15th-century ruler of Kashmir who introduced weavers from Turkistan. Although woolen shawls were mentioned in writings of the 3rd century BC and ...
scenic intermontane valley between the main Himalayan ranges (northeast) and the Pir Panjal Range (southwest), in northwestern India. The valley is an ancient lake basin 85 mi (140 km) long, 20 mi wide, and 5,300 ft (1,620 m) high. Drained ...
language spoken in the Vale of Kashmir and the surrounding hills. By origin it is a Dardic language, but it has become predominantly Indo-Aryan in character. Reflecting the history of the area, the Kashmiri vocabulary is mixed, containing Dardic, Sanskrit, ...
in Judaism, regulations that prohibit the eating of certain foods and require that other foods be prepared in a specified manner. The term also denotes the state of being kosher according to Jewish law. Most prescriptions regarding kashruth are found ...
member of an ancient Anatolian people who inhabited the remote valleys between the northern border of the Hittite kingdom and the Black Sea. The Kaskans did not have a written language and did not build cities. They are known only ...
village, Randolph county, southwestern Illinois, U.S. It is situated on Kaskaskia Island in the Mississippi River, just west of Chester. Kaskaskia Island is the only portion of Illinois located west of the Mississippi River. Illinois and Iroquois Indians were early ...
partly navigable stream in central and southern Illinois, U.S. It rises in Champaign county near Urbana and flows southwest to enter the Mississippi River north of Chester, in Randolph county, after a course of 320 miles (515 km). About 50 ...
most prominent puppet character in Germany and Austria, where Kasperltheater became synonymous with puppet theatre. The character developed in late 17th-century Austria from Hanswurst, the cunning peasant servant of the Viennese popular theatre. Named Kasperle in the early 18th century, ...
traditional region, east-central Sudan. It is bordered on the east by Ethiopia. The Atbara River, an important tributary of the Nile, flows northwestward through Kassala and causes seasonal floods during torrential summer rains. Rocky deserts dominate the centre of the ...
town, northeastern Sudan, near the Ethiopian border. Founded in 1834 as an Egyptian garrison, it was occupied by the Mahdists (1885-94) and briefly by the Italians (1940-41). Kassala is built on the inland delta of the seasonal Al-Qash (Gash) River ...
promontory, westernmost of the three prongs of the Chalcidice Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece, projecting into the Aegean Sea. It is a part of the nomos (department) of Khalkidhiki. Upon the narrow isthmus that links Kassandra with Chalcidice stand the sparse ruins ...
