poet whose themes of social protest and reform, expressed in a blend of grandiloquence and satire, have identified him as the poet par excellence of the Portuguese Revolution of 1910.
(Spanish: "meeting"), committee or administrative council, particularly one that rules a country after a coup d'etat and before a legal government has been established. The word was widely used in the 16th century to refer to numerous government consultative committees. ...
the most massive planet of the solar system and the fifth in distance from the Sun. It is one of the brightest objects in the night sky; only the Moon, Venus, and sometimes Mars are more brilliant. Jupiter is designated ...
the chief ancient Roman and Italian god. Like Zeus, the Greek god with whom he is etymologically identical (root diu, "bright"), Jupiter was a sky god. One of his most ancient epithets is Lucetius ("Light-Bringer"); and later literature has preserved ...
god of a Roman mystery cult, originally a local Hittite-Hurrian god of fertility and thunder worshiped at Doliche (modern Duluk), in southeastern Turkey. Later the deity was given a Semitic character, but, under Achaemenidian rule (6th-4th century BC), he was ...
canton, northwestern Switzerland, comprising the folded Jura Mountains in the south and extending northward to the hilly region of the limestone Jura Plateau, including the districts of the Franches-Montagnes and the Ajoie. Bordering France to the north and west, it ...
fourth largest island of the Inner Hebrides, Argyll and Bute council area, historic county of Argyllshire, Scotland. It is 27 miles (43 km) long, 2-8 miles (3-13 km) wide, and almost bisected by Loch Tarbert (a sea loch). A mountain ...
system of ranges extending for 225 miles (360 km) in an arc on both sides of the Franco-Swiss border from the Rhone River to the Rhine. It lies mostly in Switzerland, but a good part of the western sector lies ...
second of three periods of the Mesozoic Era. On the basis of radiometric measurements, it extended from about 208 to 144 million years ago (see ). It is often divided into the Early Jurassic Epoch (208 to 187 million years ...
in Japanese mythology, one of the Shichi-fuku-jin ("Seven Gods of Luck"), particularly associated with longevity. He is supposed, like Fukurokuju, another of the seven with whom he is often confused, to have once lived on earth as a Chinese Taoist ...
district and industrial complex of southwestern Singapore. Jurong estate, one of the largest industrial sites (9,600 acres [3,900 hectares]) in Southeast Asia, occupies drained swampland near the mouth of the Jurong River. It has heavy and light industries and is ...
specialty zoo in Singapore noted for its extensive aviaries. The park, managed by a government-owned company, opened in 1971. It occupies a 20-hectare (48-acre) site on the slopes of Jurong Hill, which is located about 24 km (15 miles) from ...
river that rises in the highlands east of the Ucayali River in Loreto department, Peru. It flows northward through Acre state, Brazil. Entering Amazonas state, Brazil, it meanders eastward and then east-northeastward, emptying into the stretch of the Amazon River ...
river, west-central Brazil, rising in the Serra dos Parecis and descending northward from the Mato Grosso Plateau for 770 miles (1,240 km), receiving the Arinos River and joining the Teles Pires, or Sao Manuel, to form the Tapajos River, a ...
historic legal institution in which a group of laypersons participate in deciding cases brought to trial. Its exact characteristics and powers depend on the laws and practices of the countries, provinces, or states in which it is found, and there ...
(Latin: "law of nations"), in legal theory, that law which natural reason establishes for all men, as distinguished from jus civile, or the civil law peculiar to one state or people. Roman lawyers and magistrates originally devised jus gentium as ...
in the Roman Republic and the Empire, certain rights and privileges, amounting to qualified citizenship, of a person who was not a Roman citizen. The rights were originally held only by the Latins, or inhabitants of Latium (the region around ...
French botanist who founded a method of plant classification based on the anatomical characters of the plant embryo. After studying medicine at Montpellier, he became in 1722 subdemonstrator of plants in the Jardin du Roi, Paris. In 1759 he was ...
French botanist who accompanied the French physicist Charles-Marie de la Condamine's expedition to Peru to measure an arc of meridian. He remained in South America for 35 years, returning to Paris in 1771. He introduced the common garden heliotrope (Heliotropium ...
in music, system of tuning in which the correct size of all the intervals of the scale is calculated by different additions and subtractions of pure natural thirds and fifths (the intervals that occur between the fourth and fifth, and ...
notion that the resort to armed force (jus ad bellum) is justified under certain conditions; also, the notion that the use of such force (jus in bello) should be limited in certain ways. Just ...
in Anglo-American legal systems, a local magistrate empowered chiefly to administer criminal or civil justice in minor cases. A justice of the peace may, in some jurisdictions, also administer oaths and perform marriages.
early English judicial official of the king who, unlike all other officers of the central administration, was not a member of the king's official household. The justiciarship originated in the king's need for a responsible subordinate who could take a ...
in Christian theology, either (1) the act by which God moves a person from the state of sin (injustice) to the state of grace (justice); (2) the change in a person's condition as he moves from a state of sin ...
Roman historian who was the author of Epitome, an abridgment of the Historiae Philippicae et totius mundi origineset terrae situs by Pompeius Trogus (q.v.), whose work is lost. Nothing is known of Justin's personal history other than his work ...
Byzantine emperor (from 565) whose attempts to maintain the integrity of the Byzantine Empire against the encroachments of the Avars, Persians, and Lombards were frustrated by disastrous military reverses.
one of the most important of the Greek philosopher-Apologists in the early Christian church. His writings represent the first positive encounter of Christian revelation with Greek philosophy and laid the basis for a theology of history.
Byzantine emperor (527-565), noted for his administrative reorganization of the imperial government and for his sponsorship of a codification of laws known as the Codex Justinianus (534).
last Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian dynasty. Although possessed of a despotic temperament and capable of acts of cruelty, Justinian was in many ways an able ruler, who recovered for the empire areas of Macedonia that had previously been conquered ...
the collections of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I from AD 529 to 565. Strictly speaking, the works did not constitute a new legal code. Rather, Justinian's committees of jurists provided basically ...
painter who introduced the Flemish style into Urbino. He has been identified with Joos van Wassenhove, a master of the painters' guild at Antwerp in 1460 and at Ghent in 1464.
member of a Germanic people who, with the Angles and Saxons, invaded Britain in the 5th century AD. The Jutes have no recorded history on the European continent, but there is considerable evidence that their home was in the Scandinavian ...
either of two species of Corchorus plants-C. capsularis, or white jute, and C. olitorius, including both tossa and daisee varieties-all belonging to the family Tiliaceae, and their fibre. The latter is a bast fibre; i.e., it is obtained from the ...
city, southeastern Guatemala. It lies on the southern flanks of the central highlands at an elevation of 2,926 feet (892 m) above sea level. Jutiapa is a commercial and manufacturing centre for the agricultural and pastoral hinterland. The climate is ...
city, eastern Honduras. It lies at 2,700 feet (823 m) above sea level along the Juticalpa River, which is a tributary of the Guayape. Founded about 1620 and given city status in 1835, it was a prosperous commercial centre during ...
projection of northern Europe forming the continental portion of Denmark. The peninsula is bounded to the west and north by the North Sea and the Skagerrak and to the east by the Kattegat and the Little Belt. The Chersonesus Cimbrica, ...
(May 31-June 1, 1916), the only major encounter between the British and German fleets in World War I, fought in the Skagerrak, an arm of the North Sea, about 60 miles (97 km) off the coast of Jutland (Denmark).
most powerful of all Roman satiric poets. Many of his phrases and epigrams have entered common parlance-for example, "bread and circuses" and "who will guard the guards themselves?"
