Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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John XI Becchus ... Johnson, Osa

John XI Becchus: Greek Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople (1275-82) and leading Byzantine proponent of reunion between the Greek and Roman churches.
John XII: original name Ottaviano, English Octavian pope from 955 to 964.
John XIII: pope from 965 to 972.
John XIV: pope from 983 to 984.
John XIX: pope from 1024 to 1032.
John XV: pope from 985 to 996, who carried out the first solemn canonization in history by papal decree.
John XVI: antipope from 997 to 998.
John XVII: original name Sicco, or Secco pope from June to December 1003. Chosen by the patrician John Crescentius III, he succeeded Pope Sylvester II. John was merely a puppet of the Crescentii, then the most influential family in Rome.
John XVIII: pope from 1004 to 1009.
John XXI: pope from 1276 to 1277, one of the most scholarly pontiffs in papal history.
John XXII: second Avignon pope (reigned 1316-34), who centralized church administration, condemned the Spiritual Franciscans, and, against Emperor Louis IV, upheld papal authority over imperial elections.
John XXIII: one of the most popular popes of all times (reigned 1958-63), who inaugurated a new era in the history of the Roman Catholic church by his openness to change, shown especially in his convoking of the Second Vatican Council. He ...
John, Acts of: an apocryphal (noncanonical and unauthentic) Christian writing, composed about AD 180, purporting to be an account of the travels and miracles of St. John the Evangelist. Photius, the 9th-century patriarch of Constantinople, identified the author of the Acts of John ...
John, Augustus: Welsh painter who was an accomplished portraitist, muralist, and draughtsman.
John, Errol: Trinidadian-born actor and playwright who wrote Moon on a Rainbow Shawl (1958), for which he won The Observer's prize for best new playwright in 1957 and a Guggenheim fellowship in 1958.
John, Gospel According to: fourth of the four New Testament narratives recounting the life and death of Jesus Christ; John's is the only one of the four not considered among the Synoptic Gospels (i.e., those presenting a common view). Although the Gospel is ostensibly ...
John, letters of: three New Testament writings, all composed sometime around AD 100 and traditionally attributed to John the Evangelist, son of Zebedee and disciple of Jesus. The author of the first letter is not identified, but the writer of the second and ...
John, Little Willie: rhythm-and-blues singer of the 1950s whose vocal style anticipated soul music.
John, Sir Elton: British singer, composer, and pianist who was one of the most popular entertainers of the late 20th century. He fused as many strands of popular music and stylistic showmanship as Elvis Presley in a concert and recording career that included ...
Johne's disease: serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium (or Bacillus) paratuberculosis. Although principally a disease of cattle, it can affect horses, sheep, deer, and goats. Cows may not show signs of the disease for as long as a year after exposure to ...
Johns Hopkins University: privately controlled institution of higher learning in Baltimore, Md., U.S. Based on the German university model, which emphasized specialized training and research, it opened primarily as a graduate school for men in 1876 with an endowment from Johns Hopkins, a ...
Johns, Jasper: American painter and graphic artist who is generally associated with the Pop art movement.
Johnson City: city, Washington county, northeastern Tennessee, U.S. It lies in a valley in the southern Appalachian Mountains, about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Knoxville and just west of Elizabethton. The area was settled in the 1760s. Originally a part of ...
Johnson City: city, seat (1890) of Blanco county, south-central Texas, U.S., 40 miles (64 km) west of Austin. The hometown of President Lyndon B. Johnson, it was founded in 1879 by James Polk Johnson, a forebear of the president. Located in the ...
Johnson, Amy: pioneering female aviator who first achieved fame as a result of her attempt to set a record for solo flight from London to Darwin, Australia.
Johnson, Andrew: 17th president of the United States (1865-69), who took office upon the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln during the closing months of the American Civil War (1861-65). His lenient Reconstruction policies toward the South embittered the Radical Republicans in Congress ...
Johnson, Ban: U.S. professional baseball administrator and first president of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs (1900-27).
Johnson, Blind Willie: African-American gospel singer who performed on Southern streets, noted for the energy and power of his singing and for his ingenious guitar accompaniments.
Johnson, Bunk: black American jazz trumpeter, one of the first musicians to play jazz and a principal figure of the 1940s traditional jazz revival.
Johnson, Charles Anthony: original name of Sir Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke, second raja of the Brooke Raj (q.v.).
Johnson, Charles Spurgeon: U.S. sociologist, authority on race relations, and the first black president (1946-56) of Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn. (established in 1867 and long restricted to black students). Earlier he had founded and edited (1923-28) the intellectual magazine Opportunity, a major voice ...
Johnson, Colin: Australian Aboriginal novelist and poet who depicted the struggles of modern Aboriginals to adapt to life in a society dominated by whites.
Johnson, Cornelius: Baroque painter, considered the most important native English portraitist of the early 17th century.
Johnson, Diane: American writer and academic, best known for worldly and satiric novels set in California that portray contemporary women in crisis.
Johnson, Eliza: American first lady (1865-69), the wife of Andrew Johnson, 17th president of the United States.
Johnson, Eyvind: one of the few working-class novelists to bring not only new themes and points of view to Swedish literature but also to experiment with new forms and techniques of the most advanced kind. With Harry Edmund Martinson he was awarded ...
Johnson, Harry Gordon: Canadian-born economist who managed to synthesize divergent economic viewpoints. He was one of the more important economists of the post-World War II era, with a published output that dwarfed those of his contemporaries and made substantial contributions to the fields ...
Johnson, Hiram: reform governor of California (1911-17) and a U.S. senator for 28 years (1917-45), a Progressive Republican and later a staunch isolationist.
Johnson, J.J.: American jazz composer and one of the genre's most influential trombonists.
Johnson, Jack: first black to hold the heavyweight boxing championship of the world.
Johnson, James P.: highly influential black American jazz pianist who also wrote popular songs and composed classical works. A founder of the stride piano idiom, he was a crucial figure in the transition from ragtime to jazz.
Johnson, James Weldon: poet, diplomat, and anthologist of black culture.
Johnson, John H.: magazine and book publisher, the first African American to attain major success in those fields.
Johnson, Kelly: highly innovative American aeronautical engineer and designer.
Johnson, Lady Bird: American first lady (1963-69), the wife of Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th president of the United States, and an environmentalist noted for her emphasis on beautification.
Johnson, Lonnie: prolific black American musician, singer, and songwriter, one of the first major blues and jazz guitarists.
Johnson, Louis: New Zealand poet who rejected the rural themes and parochial nationalism of traditional New Zealand poetry in favour of the themes of everyday suburban life and ordinary human relationships.
Johnson, Lyndon B.: 36th president of the United States (1963-69). A moderate Democrat and vigorous leader in the United States Senate, Johnson was elected vice president in 1960 and acceded to the presidency in 1963 upon the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. ...
Johnson, Magic: American basketball player who led the National Basketball Association (NBA) Los Angeles Lakers to five championships.
Johnson, Michael: African American sprinter, perhaps the most eminent figure in athletics (track and field) in the 1990s. For much of the decade he was virtually unbeaten in the long sprints-the 200-metre and 400-metre races-and he held world records in the indoor ...
Johnson, Osa: American explorer, filmmaker, and writer who, with her husband, made a highly popular series of films featuring mostly African and South Sea tribal groups and wildlife.