| Japicx, Gysbert ... Jarvinen, Matti |
| | - Japicx, Gysbert
- (from the article "Frisian literature") Frisian literature, as it is known today, began with Gysbert Japicx (also spelled Japiks; 1603-66) in the 17th century. Friesland's incorporation into the Dutch Republic in 1581 threatened to reduce Frisian to a mere peasant dialect. Japicx, however, through his ...
- Japin, Arthur
- (from the article "Literature") The Libris Literatuur Prijs was awarded to Arthur Japin for his novel Een schitterend gebrek, which told the story of Lucia, Giacomo Casanova's first lover, whom Casanova mentioned in his memoirs as one of the few people whom he had ...
- Japonica schistosomiasis
- (from the article "schistosomiasis") There are three main types of schistosomiasis, caused by closely related organisms: (1) Japonica, or Eastern, schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma japonicum, found in Japan, southern China, the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. (2) Manson's, or intestinal, schistosomiasis ...
- Japura River
- river that rises as the Caqueta River east of Pasto, Colombia, in the Colombian Cordillera Central. It meanders generally east-southeastward through the tropical rain forest of southeastern Colombia. After receiving the Apaporis River at the Brazilian border, it takes the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Japygidae
- (from the article "dipluran") ...the members of the family Campodeidae have two long, slender abdominal cerci (sensory appendages) that are sensitive to vibrations. They are commonly known as twintails. The cerci of the family Japygidae are modified into hard pincers that are used to ...
- jaquemart
- (from the article "Moulins") ...15th-century Dutch painter referred to as the Master of Moulins (q.v.). The cathedral has some fine 15th- and 16th-century stained-glass windows. The nearby 15th-century tower has a quaint jaquemart clock with automatons that strike the quarter-hours. The municipal library opposite ...
- Jaques, Elliott
- Canadian-born psychologist and social analyst (b. Jan. 18, 1917, Toronto, Ont.-d. March 8, 2003, Gloucester, Mass.), developed the concept of corporate culture and coined the term mid-life crisis. In 1946 Jaques became a founding member of London's Tavistock Institute of ...
- Jaques-Dalcroze, Emile
- Swiss music teacher and composer who originated the eurythmics system of musical instruction. [3 Related Articles]
- jar method
- (from the article "herbicide") Certain herbicides (e.g., sodium arsenite) are sometimes applied by the jar method, whereby the tops of weeds are bent over and immersed in jars of poisonous solution. The herbicide is drawn into the rest of the plant and into connecting ...
- Jara, Fernando
- (from the article "Equestrian Sports") ...single day of racing in the world. (The U.A.E.'s Dubai World Cup card held in March boasted $21 million in total purses.) Invasor, a four-year-old Argentine-bred colt ridden by 18-year-old jockey Fernando Jara, upset heavily favoured Bernardini by one length ...
- jarabe
- folk dance for couples, popular in central and southern Mexico, notably in Jalisco state. Derived in colonial times from Spanish popular music and such dances as the seguidillas and fandangos, it was also influenced by native Mexican couple dances imitating ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jarai
- (from the article "Vietnam") Many Montagnard peoples-such as the Rade (Rhade), Jarai, Chru, and Roglai-speak Austronesian languages, linking them to the Cham, Malay, and Indonesian peoples; others-including the Bru, Pacoh, Katu, Cua, Hre,...
- Jarai language
- (from the article "Chamic languages") group of languages spoken in Vietnam and Cambodia, classified as West Indonesian languages in the Hesperonesian group of the Austronesian language family. Of the nine Chamic languages, Jarai and Cham (including Western and Eastern) are the largest, with about 230,000 ...
- jarana
- (from the article "jota") Closely akin to the fandango, the jota is probably a fertility dance of Aragonese origin, although legend states that it was brought north from Andalusia by the exiled Moorish poet Aben Jot. The jarana of Yucatan, danced with whirling scarves, ...
- jararaca
- (from the article "fer-de-lance") The jararaca, often confused with the fer-de-lance, is found chiefly in Brazil, where it is abundant in grassy regions. Its bite causes many deaths. It usually grows to about 1.2 m (4 ft) and is olive- or grayish-brown with darker ...
- Jarash
- (from the article "Western architecture") ...St. Simeon Stylites spent the last years of his life. The precious relic was enclosed by a central octagon of considerable dimensions, adjoined by four arms of a cross in the form of basilicas. At Jarash in Jordan the church ...
- Jarawa
- (from the article "Andaman Islands") ...Andaman (closely positioned and collectively known as Great Andaman). Also prominent is Little Andaman, to the south. Of the still-extant original inhabitants-including the Sentinalese, the Jarawa, the Onge, and a group of peoples collectively known as the Great Andamese-only the ...
- jarawaijewa
- (from the article "totemism") ...mother. In contrast to this, individual totems belong only to the medicine men and are passed on patrilineally. Such an individual totem is named bala, "spirit companion," or jarawaijewa, "the meat (totem) that is within him." There is a strict ...
- Jardin des Plantes
- one of the world's foremost botanical gardens, located in Paris. It was founded in 1626 as a royal garden of medicinal plants and was first opened to the public in 1650. Under the superintendence of G.-L.L. Buffon (1739-88) the garden ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jardine, Alan
- (from the article "Beach Boys, the") ...Michael Love (b. March 15, 1941Los Angeles), and Alan Jardine (b. Sept. 3, 1942Lima, Ohio). Significant later members included David...
- Jardine, D. R.
- (from the article "cricket") ...relations between the countries because of the use of "bodyline" bowling tactics, in which the ball is bowled close to or at the batsman. This scheme was devised by the English captain, D.R. Jardine, and involved fast, short-pitched deliveries bowled ...
- jargon
- (from the article "zircon") ...clear, transparent red, orange, and yellow varieties. Matura diamond, from Sri Lanka, is clear and colourless, either naturally or made so through heat treatment under oxidizing conditions. The name jargon, like zircon derived from Arabic zargun, applies to all other ...
- jargon
- in colonial history, an unstable rudimentary hybrid language used as a means of communication between persons having no other language in common. Although the term was long synonymous with pidgin-as can be seen by the use of jargon in the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jari River
- river, northern Brazil, rising on the southern slopes of the Tumuc-Humac Mountains and flowing in a generally southeasterly direction for about 350 miles (560 km) to join the Amazon River at Boca do Jari, opposite Grande de Gurupa Island. The ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jaricot, Pauline
- (from the article "Propagation of the Faith, Society for the") ...society was organized in Lyon, Fr., on May 3, 1822, at a meeting of laymen called to raise money for the missions in Louisiana, U.S. This group joined with and adopted the fund-raising methods of Pauline Jaricot, who had been ...
- Jarid, Chott El-
- large saline lake in southwestern Tunisia, occupying a salt-flat basin of about 1,900 square miles (4,900 square km). The lake is covered with water only in the lowest areas, except after periods of heavy rains. Together with Chott El-Fedjaj (Shatt ...
- Jarir
- one of the greatest Arab poets of the Umayyad period, whose career and poetry show the continued vitality of the pre-Islamic Bedouin tradition. [4 Related Articles]
- Jarlsberg
- (from the article "dairy product") ...marbled with blue Penicillium roqueforti mold. The cheese is marketed under various names such as Bavarian Blue, Cambazola, Lymeswold, and Saga Blue. Another combination cheese is Norwegian Jarlsberg. This cheese results from a marriage of the cultures and manufacturing procedures ...
- Jarman, Derek
- British filmmaker (b. Jan. 31, 1942, Northwood, Middlesex, England--d. Feb. 19, 1994, London, England), crafted highly personal avant-garde motion pictures through which he sought to "demystify homosexuality" and explore human experience from a uniquely gay perspective. While Jarman often used ...
- Jarman, Joseph
- (from the article "Art Ensemble of Chicago") ...(b. October 11, 1941Frederick, Maryland, U.S.). Often they were joined by composer-woodwind player Joseph Jarman (b. September 14, 1937Pine Bluff, Arkansas, U.S.), who became a permanent member of the...
- Jarmo
- prehistoric archaeological site located east of Kirkuk, in northeastern Iraq. The site is important for revealing traces of one of the world's first village-farming communities. The approximately dozen layers of architectural building and renovation yield evidence of domesticated wheats and ... [2 Related Articles]
- Jarnac, Battle of
- (from the article "Henry IV") ...his mother put him into the charge of her brother-in-law Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Conde, who was the leader of the Protestant forces. The Protestants were surprised and defeated near Jarnac on March 13, 1569, by the Duke ...
- Jarnach, Philipp
- German composer who was a follower of the pianist-composer Ferruccio Busoni.
- Jarnefelt, Armas
- composer and conductor who introduced Richard Wagner's operas into Finland and who is known for his works for small orchestra.
- Jarnes, Benjamin
- Spanish novelist and biographer. [1 Related Articles]
- Jaroka, Livia
- (from the article "The Roma-Europe's Largest Minority") ...October a Bulgarian court upheld a claim brought against the Ministry of Education alleging racial segregation in schools. Meanwhile, Roma continued to make inroads into political participation when Livia Jaroka, the first Romani member of the European Parliament, took her ...
- Jarratt, Devereux
- American Anglican clergyman and preacher who emulated the Methodism of John Wesley and initiated a religious revival throughout North Carolina and southern Virginia.
- Jarre, Maurice
- (from the article "1962: Best Director") The crowning achievement in a remarkable career, Lawrence of Arabia (AA) proved especially significant for Lean in that it marked his first teaming with composer Maurice Jarre (AA) and screenwriter Robert Bolt (AAN), as well as the first time he ...
- Jarrell, Randall
- American poet, novelist, and critic who is noted for revitalizing the reputations of Robert Frost, Walt Whitman, and William Carlos Williams in the 1950s. [2 Related Articles]
- Jarrett, Keith
- American jazz pianist, composer, and saxophonist considered to be one of the most original and prolific jazz musicians to emerge during the late 20th century. He was also a noted classical pianist.
- Jarrett, Ryan
- (from the article "Rodeo") ...2005 season concluded in December, the sport witnessed an upset in the all-around cowboy championship-awarded to the cowboy with the most earnings in two or more rodeo events. Newcomer Ryan Jarrett of Summerville, Ga., dethroned reigning titleholder Trevor Brazile of ...
- Jarrico, Paul
- American screenwriter who was blacklisted in the 1950s after being labeled "subversive" by the House Committee on Un-American Activities; his credits include Salt of the Earth (1953) and Tom, Dick, and Harry (1941), nominated for an Academy Award (b. Jan. ...
- Jarrow
- North Sea port town, South Tyneside metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Durham, England. It lies along the south bank of the River Tyne. Jarrow's St. Paul's Church (dedicated 685 CE) is situated close to ... [3 Related Articles]
- Jarry, Alfred
- French writer mainly known as the creator of the grotesque and wild satirical farce Ubu roi (1896; "King Ubu"), which was a forerunner of the Theatre of the Absurd. [4 Related Articles]
- Jars, Plain of
- dissected inner region of the Xiangkhoang Plateau in north-central Laos. Drained principally by the Ngum River, a southward-flowing tributary of the Mekong River, the plain is characterized by narrow river valleys and limestone and sandstone hills ranging from 3,000 to ... [1 Related Articles]
- Jarta, Hans
- Swedish political activist, administrator, and publicist who was a leader of the 1809 coup d'etat that overthrew Gustav IV, king of Sweden. He was the main author of Sweden's constitution (1809).
- Jaruzelski, Wojciech Witold
- army general and communist leader of Poland, chief of state from 1981 to 1989 and president from 1989 to 1990. [4 Related Articles]
- Jarves, Deming
- (from the article "pressed glass") In 1827 Deming Jarves of the Boston and Sandwich Glass Company at Sandwich, Mass., began producing glassware decorated with "lacy" patterns, extremely intricate combinations of dots, circles, diamonds, leaves, and garlands that covered the entire surface of glass articles. These ...
- Jarvik, Robert K.
- (from the article "artificial heart") ...and the VAD was removed. During the 1970s synthetic materials were developed that greatly aided the development of permanent artificial hearts. One such device, designed by American physician Robert K. Jarvik, was surgically implanted into a patient by American surgeon ...
- Jarvik-7
- (from the article "artificial heart") ...One such device, designed by American physician Robert K. Jarvik, was surgically implanted into a patient by American surgeon William C. DeVries in 1982. The aluminum and plastic device, called the Jarvik-7 for its inventor, replaced the patient's two ventricles. ...
- Jarvinen, Matti
- (from the article "athletics") Throwers from Finland have historically been a force in the event. Matti Jarvinen, a Finn, established 10 world records and improved the record by 6.22 metres, finally reaching 77.23 metres (253 feet 4.5 inches) in 1936. As records continued to ...
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