American advertising agency that was long one of the largest such enterprises in the world. In 1980 it became a subsidiary of JWT Group Inc., a Delaware-based holding company.
type of meson consisting of a charmed quark and a charmed antiquark. It has a mass of 3.1 GeV/c2, which is about 3.5 times larger than the mass of a proton. The particle was first detected in 1974 by two ...
sixth imam, or spiritual successor to the Prophet Muhammad, of the Shi'ite branch of Islam and the last to be recognized as imam by all the Shi'ite sects. Theologically, he advocated a limited predestination and proclaimed that Hadith (traditional sayings ...
mountainous area, northwestern Saudi Arabia, bounded by the regions of Hejaz on the west and Ash-Sharqiyah on the east. The principal features of the region are the two great mountain ranges of Aja' (granites) and Salma (basalts) and the immense ...
city, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Jabalpur lies just north of the Narmada River in a rocky basin surrounded by low hills that are dotted with lakes and temples. On one of the hills stands the Madan Mahal, an ...
(species Jabiru mycteria), a typical stork of the New World, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. The jabiru belongs to the stork family, Ciconiidae (order Ciconiiformes). It is mostly white, with the naked skin of the head and upper neck black ...
city, Severocesky kraj (region), Czech Republic. It lies about 1,600 feet (500 m) above sea level in the upper valley of the Nis (Neisse) River, in the Giant Mountains (Krkonose). It was populated mainly by Germans between World Wars I ...
ancient city of Palestine (now Israel) lying about 15 miles (24 km) south of Tel Aviv-Yafo and 4 miles (6 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. Settled by Philistines, Jabneh came into Jewish hands in the time of Uzziah in the ...
city, eastern Pernambuco estado (state), northeastern Brazil, on the Jaboatao River, 148 feet (45 metres) above sea level and just west of Recife, the state capital. The site of two battles in the 17th-century war of the ...
any of several trees of the genus Myrciaria, of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), notably M. cauliflora and M. jaboticaba, native to southeastern Brazil. The trees have been introduced to other warm regions, including western and southern North America. The name ...
Zionist leader, journalist, orator, and man of letters who founded the militant Zionist Revisionist movement that played an important role in the establishment of the State of Israel.
city, Huesca provincia, in the communidad autonoma ("autonomous community") of Aragon, northeastern Spain, on the plateau on the southern bank of the Aragon River, just south of the French border. Of ancient origin, the city was captured by the Romans ...
any of 15 species of tropical American birds that constitute the family Galbulidae (order Piciformes). The jacamar has a glittering body, tapered from large head to, in most species, a long, graduated tail; some have square tails. Most are iridescently ...
any of several species of water birds belonging to the family Jacanidae of the order Charadriiformes. Jacanas are uniquely equipped with long straight claws for walking on floating vegetation. Like certain plovers, some jacanas have wing spurs.
any plant of the genus Jacaranda (family Bignoniaceae), especially the two ornamental trees J. mimosifolia and J. cuspidifolia. They are widely grown in warm parts of the world and in greenhouses for their showy blue or violet flowers and attractive, ...
city, southeastern Sao Paulo estado ("state"), Brazil. It lies along the Paraiba do Sul River, 45 miles (70 km) northeast of Sao Paulo. The settlement was granted town status in 1653 and was made the seat of ...
spa town, western Czech Republic. It lies at the foot of Mount Klinovec, the highest summit in the Ore Mountains (Krusne hory), just north of Karlovy Vary and near the border with Germany. A silver-mining centre for the Holy Roman ...
any of numerous species of fishes belonging to the family Carangidae (order Perciformes). The name jack is also applied collectively to the family. Representatives can be found in temperate and tropical portions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans and ...
in practical mechanics, portable hand-operated device for raising heavy weights through short distances, exerting great pressures, or holding assembled work firmly in position, as in jacking up a building to prevent settling or keeping it in position while replacing a ...
group of artists founded in Moscow in 1909, whose members were for the next few years the leading exponents of avant-garde art in Russia. The group's first exhibition, held in December 1910, included works by the French Cubists Albert Gleizes, ...
pseudonymous murderer of at least five women, all prostitutes, in or near the Whitechapel district of London's East End, from August 7 to November 10, 1888. It is one of the most famous unsolved mysteries of English crime.
(species Arisaema triphyllum), a North American plant of the arum family (Araceae), noted for the unusual shape of its flower. The plant is native to wet woodlands and thickets from Nova Scotia to Minnesota and southward to Florida and Texas. ...
in American holiday custom, a hollowed-out-pumpkin lantern that is displayed on Halloween. The surface of the pumpkin is carved to resemble a face. Light from a candle inserted inside can be seen flickering through the jack-o'-lantern's cutout eyes, nose, and ...
in meteorology, a mysterious light seen at night flickering over marshes; when approached, it advances, always out of reach. The phenomenon is also known as will-o'-the-wisp and ignis fatuus (Latin: "foolish fire"). In popular legend it is considered ominous and ...
any of several species of wolflike carnivores of the dog genus Canis, family Canidae, sharing with the hyena an exaggerated reputation for cowardice. Three species are usually recognized: the golden, or Asiatic, jackal (C. aureus), found from eastern Europe and ...
(species Corvus monedula), crowlike black bird with gray nape and pearly eyes of the family Corvidae (q.v.; order Passeriformes). Jackdaws, which are 33 cm (13 inches) long, breed in colonies in tree holes, cliffs, and tall buildings: their flocks fly ...
(species Artocarpus heterophyllus), tree native to tropical Asia and widely grown throughout the wetland tropics for its large fruits and durable wood. Like its relative the breadfruit, it belongs to the mulberry family (Moraceae). The jackfruit is 15 to 20 ...
American mining engineer and metallurgist who developed methods for the profitable exploitation of low-grade porphyry copper ores and thus revolutionized copper mining.
game of great antiquity and worldwide distribution, now played with stones, bones, seeds, filled cloth bags, or metal or plastic counters (the jacks), with or without a ball. The name derives from "chackstones"-stones to be tossed. The knuckle, wrist, or ...
town, seat (1921) of Teton county, northwestern Wyoming, U.S. The town lies at the southern end of the Teton Range, just north of the Snake River, and is the centre of an important recreation and tourist industry. Explored by the ...
city, seat (1821) of Madison county, western Tennessee, U.S. It lies about 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Memphis. The area was settled about 1819 as a port on the Forked Deer River and developed as a cotton depot and ...
city, seat (1832) of Jackson county, south-central Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Grand River, 73 miles (117 km) west of Detroit. Settled in 1829 at the meeting point of several Indian trails, it was named for President Andrew Jackson ...
city, capital of Mississippi, U.S. It lies along the Pearl River, in the west-central part of the state, about 180 miles (290 km) north of New Orleans, Louisiana. Jackson is also the coseat (with nearby Raymond) of Hinds county. Settled ...
American scholar of the Indo-Iranian languages whose grammar of Avestan, the language of the sacred literature of Zoroastrianism, and Avesta Reader (1893) have served generations of students.
military hero and seventh president of the United States (1829-37). He was the first U.S. president to come from the area west of the Appalachians and the first to gain office by a direct appeal to the mass of voters. ...
American singer and actress whose increasingly mature version of dance-pop music made her one of the most popular recording artists of the 1980s and '90s.
American civil rights leader, Baptist minister, and politician whose bids for the U.S. presidency (in the Democratic Party's nomination races in 1983-84 and 1987-88) were the most successful by an African American. His life and career have been marked by ...
British neurologist whose studies of epilepsy, speech defects, and nervous-system disorders arising from injury to the brain and spinal cord remain among the most useful and highly documented in the field.
Australian athlete who won two Olympic gold medals and tied or set 13 world records. During the early 1950s, when Australians dominated women's sprint events, Jackson was the most outstanding Australian sprinter.
