| | - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
- (from the article "Idaho") ...Snake River, is the main source of energy for both business and private users in Idaho. Natural gas and oil have been used increasingly, while waste wood products have declined in importance. The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory near Arco, operated ...
- Idaho State University
- public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Pocatello, Idaho, U.S. It comprises colleges of arts and sciences, business, education, engineering, health professions, pharmacy, and technology. The university offers a wide range of associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degree programs. ...
- Idaho, flag of
- U.S. state flag consisting of a dark blue field (background) bearing the name of the state and its official seal.
- Idaho, University of
- public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Moscow, Idaho, U.S. It is a land-grant university consisting of colleges of agricultural and life sciences, art and architecture, business and economics, education, engineering, graduate studies, law, letters and science, mines and earth ... [2 Related Articles]
- Idalium
- ancient city in southern Cyprus, near modern Dali. Of pre-Greek origin, Idalium was one of 10 Cypriot kingdoms listed on the prism (many-sided tablet) of the Assyrian king Esarhaddon (680-669 BC). Eventually dominated by the Phoenician city of Citium, it ... [1 Related Articles]
- iddah
- a specified period of time that must elapse before a Muslim widow or divorcee may legitimately remarry. The Qur'an (2:228) prescribes that a menstruating woman have three monthly periods before contracting a new marriage; the required delay for a nonmenstruating ...
- Iddings, Joseph Paxson
- American geologist who demonstrated the genetic relationships of neighbouring igneous rocks formed during a single period of magmatic activity.
- ide
- common sport and food fish of the carp family, Cyprinidae, widely distributed in rivers and lakes of Europe and western Siberia. An elongated, rather stout fish, the ide is blue-gray or blackish with silvery sides and belly, and is usually ...
- idea
- (from the article "epistemology") St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430) claimed that human knowledge would be impossible if God did not "illumine" the human mind and thereby allow it to see, grasp, or understand ideas. Ideas as Augustine construed them are-like Plato's-timeless, immutable, and accessible ...
- ideal
- (from the article "algebra, modern") ...where the coefficients a1, &elipsis;, an are integers.) Their work introduced the important concept of an ideal in such rings, so called because it could be represented by "ideal elements" outside the ring concerned. In the late 19th century the German mathematician ...
- ideal democracy
- (from the article "democracy") As noted above, Aristotle found it useful to classify actually existing governments in terms of three "ideal constitutions." For essentially the same reasons, the notion of an "ideal democracy" also can be useful for identifying and understanding the democratic characteristics ...
- ideal language
- in analytic philosophy, a language that is precise, free of ambiguity, and clear in structure, on the model of symbolic logic, as contrasted with ordinary language, which is vague, misleading, and sometimes contradictory. In the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922), the Viennese-born ... [4 Related Articles]
- ideal solution
- homogeneous mixture of substances that has physical properties linearly related to the properties of the pure components. The classic statement of this condition is Raoult's law, which is valid for many highly dilute solutions and for a limited class of ... [3 Related Articles]
- ideal speech situation
- (from the article "democracy") ...philosophy of language, argued that the idea of achieving a "rational consensus" within a group on questions of either fact or value presupposes the existence of what he called an "ideal speech situation." In such a situation, participants would be ...
- ideal theory of art
- (from the article "aesthetics") ...object but rather in a mental "intuition," which is grasped by the audience in the act of aesthetic understanding. The unsatisfactory nature of this theory, sometimes called the "ideal" theory of art, becomes apparent as soon as we ask how ...
- ideal type
- a common mental construct in the social sciences derived from observable reality although not conforming to it in detail because of deliberate simplification and exaggeration. It is not ideal in the sense that it is excellent, nor is it an ...
- Ideal Utilitarianism
- (from the article "Utilitarianism") ...Analysis, regarded many kinds of consciousness-including love, knowledge, and the experience of beauty-as intrinsically valuable independently of pleasure, a position labelled "ideal" Utilitarianism. Even in limiting the recognition of intrinsic value and disvalue to happiness and unhappiness, some philosophers have ...
- ideal-landscape painting
- (from the article "Claude Lorrain") French artist best known for, and one of the greatest masters of, ideal-landscape painting, an art form that seeks to present a view of nature more beautiful and harmonious than nature itself. The quality of that beauty is governed by ...
- ideales
- (from the article "cigar") ...in. long; half a corona is about 3 34 in. long; Lonsdale is the same shape as a corona, about 6 12 in. long; ideales is a slender, torpedo-shaped cigar, tapered at the lighting end, about 6 12 in. long; ...
- Idealism
- in philosophy, any view that stresses the central role of the ideal or the spiritual in the interpretation of experience. It may hold that the world or reality exists essentially as spirit or consciousness, that abstractions and laws are more ... [39 Related Articles]
- ideas, the way of
- (from the article "Cartesianism") Two important themes in the history of modern philosophy can be traced to Descartes. The first, called "the way of ideas," represents the attempt in epistemology to provide a foundation for our knowledge of the external world (as well as ...
- ideational apraxia
- (from the article "apraxia") Ideational apraxia is characterized by the inability to formulate a plan of action. A plan is never fully organized, and the part that is organized cannot be remembered long enough to be performed. Portions of an act may be completed ...
- idee fixe
- (from the article "cyclic form") ...and the Symphony No. 4 of Robert Schumann, in which the cyclic material is extensively melodic rather than motivic (using brief melodic-rhythmic fragments). This tendency culminated in the idee fixe (literally, "fixed idea"), or recurrent theme, of the French composer ...
- idee recue
- an idea that is unexamined. The phrase is particularly associated with Gustave Flaubert, who in his Le Dictionnaire des idees recues (published posthumously in 1913; Flaubert's Dictionary of Accepted Ideas) mocked the use of cliches and platitudes and the uncritical ...
- Idei, Nobuyuki
- In 2003 Nobuyuki Idei, chairman and CEO of Japanese electronics giant Sony Corp., was in the midst of taking his company through a dramatic transformation. While in the past Sony had earned billions from such stand-alone electronics products as the ...
- Idelsohn, Abraham Zevi
- Jewish cantor, composer, founder of the modern study of the history of Jewish music, and one of the first important ethnomusicologists. [1 Related Articles]
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
- Japanese petrochemical corporation founded in 1911 as Idemitsu Shokai and reorganized and incorporated under its current name in 1940. Its headquarters are in Tokyo.
- identical elements, theory of
- (from the article "training, transfer of") An alternative theory of identical elements was proposed in which it was postulated that transfer between activities would take place only if they shared common elements or features. Thus it was predicted that one's training in addition would transfer to ...
- identical predication
- (from the article "predication") ...it is transformed into a proposition again, either general or particular instead of singular, which predicates warmness (or its negation) of several or many subjects of a kind. The predication is identical if it characterizes every referent (x); it is ...
- identical twin
- (from the article "behaviour genetics") ...quasi-experimental methods are used to screen for genetic influence on individual differences in complex traits such as behaviour. The twin method relies on the accident of nature that results in identical (monozygotic, MZ) twins or fraternal (dizygotic, DZ) twins. MZ ...
- identification
- (from the article "animal communication") It is important for the recipient to be able to identify the communicator with some degree of precision; if he identifies himself, through displays or some other means, as belonging to a category of individuals important to the recipient, the ...
- identification
- (from the article "personality") Among the controlling functions of the ego are identifications and defenses. Children are inclined to behave like the significant adult models in their environment, Freud postulated. These identifications give identity and individuality to the maturing child. Moreover, the process of ...
- Identification Friend or Foe
- (from the article "warning system") Radar and identification friend or foe (IFF) equipment constitute the forward elements of complex systems that have appeared throughout the world. Examples include the semiautomatic ground environment (SAGE), augmented by a mobile backup intercept control system called BUIC in the ...
- identity
- (from the article "logic, philosophy of") ...presupposed in an interpretation, or the domain of individuals. Its members are said to be quantified over in "("x)" or "($x)." Furthermore, (3) the concept of identity (expressed by =) and (4) some notion of predication (an individual's having a ...
- identity
- (from the article "Eckhart, Meister") 3. Identity: Eckhart's numerous statements on identity between God and the soul can be easily misunderstood. He never has substantial identity in mind, but God's operation and man's becoming are considered as one. God is no longer outside man, but ...
- identity crisis
- (from the article "human behaviour") ...a key aspect of this adolescent dilemma is that of finding a role, which is generally taken to be the outward expression of identity. The emotional upheaval provoked by this mandate is called the identity crisis. In order to resolve ...
- identity element
- (from the article "mathematics") ...is an element e such that a * e = a = e * a for every element a in the group. This element is called the identity element of the group.For every element a there is an element, written a−1, with the property that...identity
- identity matrix
- (from the article "matrix") A matrix O with all its elements 0 is called a zero matrix. A square matrix A with 1s on the main diagonal (upper left to lower right) and 0s everywhere else is called a unit matrix. It is denoted ...
- identity proposition
- (from the article "formal logic") ...as," whereas in (1) it cannot. As used in (2), "is" stands for a dyadic relation-namely, identity-that the proposition asserts to hold between the two individuals. An identity proposition is to be understood in this context as asserting no more ...
- identity statement
- (from the article "analytic philosophy") ...is best able to explain how people, using language, are able to refer to things in the world and to communicate with each other. The debate involved a long-standing puzzle regarding so-called "identity" statements-i.e., statements consisting of two names or ...
- identity theft
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") ...by pressuring companies that handled credit-card transactions to comply with strict new credit-card security standards that were backed by Visa and MasterCard. As the year ended, it appeared that identity theft had not risen to the level suggested by the ...
- identity theory
- in philosophy, one view of modern Materialism that asserts that mind and matter, however capable of being logically distinguished, are in actuality but different expressions of a single reality that is material. Strong emphasis is placed upon the empirical verification ... [5 Related Articles]
- identity, principle of
- (from the article "thought, laws of") traditionally, the three fundamental laws of logic: (1) the law of contradiction, (2) the law of excluded middle (or third), and (3) the principle of identity. That is, (1) for all propositions p, it is impossible for both p and ...
- IDEO
- (from the article "industrial design") Another teamwork-oriented design firm active at the start of the 21st century was IDEO. Founded in Palo Alto, Calif., in 1991 by Bill Moggridge, Mike Nuttall, and David Kelley, it grew rapidly, adding offices in San Francisco, Chicago, and Boston ...
- ideogram
- (from the article "hieroglyphic writing") The system of hieroglyphic writing has two basic features: first, representable objects are portrayed as pictures (ideograms) and, second, the picture signs are given the phonetic value of the words for these represented objects (phonograms). At the same time, these ...
- ideokinetic apraxia
- (from the article "apraxia") Ideokinetic apraxia is caused by an interruption of impulses in the association tracts of the nervous system, so that there is no coordination between ideation and motor activity. An affected individual will complain, for example, that he cannot use his ...
- Ideology
- French philosophic movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries that reduced epistemological problems (concerning the nature or grounds of knowledge) to those of psychology (as in the work of Etienne Condillac), before advancing to ethical and political problems. ... [5 Related Articles]
- ideology
- a form of social or political philosophy in which practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones. It is a system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world and to change it. [6 Related Articles]
- Ider River
- (from the article "Selenga River") river in Mongolia and east-central Russia. It is formed by the confluence of the Ider and Delger rivers. It is Mongolia's principal river and is the most substantial source of water for Lake Baikal.
- Ides
- (from the article "calendar") ...Kalendae, but subsequent days were not enumerated as so many after the Kalendae but as so many before the following Nonae ("nones"), the day called nonae being the ninth day before the Ides (from iduare, meaning "to ...
- Idfu
- town on the west bank of the Nile in Aswan muhafazah (governorate), Upper Egypt.
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