Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Ikeda ... Illinois State University

Ikeda: city, Osaka fu (urban prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies on the Fukuchiyama Line (railway), northwest of Osaka. Settled in prehistoric times, Ikeda was a flourishing trade centre during the Tokugawa era (1603-1867). After the development of railway transport in the ...
Ikeda Hayato: prime minister of Japan from July 1960 until October 1964, who was instrumental in Japan's phenomenal economic growth in the years after World War II.
Ikeja: town and capital of Lagos state, 10.5 miles (17 km) northwest of Lagos, southwestern Nigeria. Originally settled by the Yoruba people, the locality was raided for slaves until the mid-19th century. Early in the 20th century it became an agricultural ...
Ikenobo: oldest school of floral art in Japan; the term Ikenobo later came to be used loosely to describe any classical Japanese flower arrangement. The Ikenobo (literally, "priest's residence by a pond") school was founded in the early 7th century by ...
Ikere-Ekiti: town, Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria, on the road from Akure to Ado-Ekiti. A major collecting point for cocoa, it also serves as an agricultural trade centre (yams, cassava [yuca], rice, corn [maize], palm oil and kernels, okra, pumpkins) for the ...
Ikeya-Seki, Comet: one of a group of Sun-grazing comets having similar orbits and including the great comet known as 1882 II. Discovered Sept. 18, 1965, by two Japanese amateur astronomers, Ikeya Kaoru and Seki Tsutomu, Ikeya-Seki made its closest approach to the ...
Ikhshidids Dynasty: Muslim Turkish dynasty from Fergana in Central Asia that ruled Egypt and Syria from 935 to 969. The founder, Muhammad ibn Tughj, appointed governor of Egypt in 935, two years later obtained the title ikhshid (Persian: "prince, ruler") from the ...
ikhtilaf: (Arabic: "disagreement"), in Islam, differences of opinion on religious matters. Such diversity is permissible as long as the basic principles of Islam are not affected. Ikhtilaf is thus the opposite of ijma' (consensus). Ikhtilaf permits a Muslim to choose the ...
Ikhwan: (Arabic: Brethren), in Arabia, members of a religious and military brotherhood that figured prominently in the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under Ibn Sa'ud (1912-30); in modern Saudi Arabia they constitute the National Guard.
Ikhwan as-Safa': (Arabic: Brethren of Purity), a secret Arab confraternity, founded at Basra, Iraq, that produced a philosophical and religious encyclopaedia, Rasa'il ikhwan as-safa' wa khillan al-wafa' ("Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Loyal Friends"), sometime in the second half of ...
Iki: island, north-central Nagasaki ken (prefecture), western Kyushu, Japan. It lies in the Eastern Channel, about 10 miles (16 km) off the coast of Kyushu, and occupies 52 square miles (134 square km). Most of its area is ...
Ikire: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. The town lies along the road from Ibadan to Ile-Ife. A collecting point for local cash crops (cocoa, palm oil and kernels), it also serves as a trade centre for yams, corn (maize), cassava, palm ...
Ikirun: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies along the railroad from Lagos and at the intersection of roads from Oshogbo, Inisha (Inisa), Igbajo, and Ila (Illa). Mainly inhabited by Yoruba people, the town was raided for slaves in the 19th ...
Ikorodu: town, Lagos state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies near the Lagos Lagoon, on the Bight of Benin, 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Lagos. A traditional settlement of the Awori people (a subgroup of the Yoruba), it became important in the ...
Ikot Abasi: port town, Akwa Ibom state, southern Nigeria. The town lies near the mouth of the Imo (Opobo) River. Situated at a break in the mangrove swamps and rain forest of the eastern Niger River delta, it served in the 19th ...
Ikot Ekpene: town, Akwa Ibom state, southern Nigeria. The town lies along the coastal highway between Calabar and Aba. It is the chief trade centre (yams, cassava, taro, corn [maize], and palm produce) for a densely populated area known for its export ...
Il-Khanid Dynasty: (1256-1353), Mongol dynasty that ruled in Iran. Il-khan is Persian for "subordinate khan."
Ila: a Bantu-speaking people inhabiting an area west of Lusaka, the national capital of Zambia. The Ila-Tonga cluster consists of about 12 dialect groups, including the Lozi, Koba, Lenje, Tonga, Totela, Ila, and others.
Ila: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. The town lies in the Yoruba Hills and on the road from Oshogbo to Omu-Aran. One of the oldest settlements of the Yoruba people, it was founded according to tradition by the
Ilaro: town, western Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria. Located on the former trade route from the towns of the empire of Oyo to the port of Porto-Novo (now the capital of Benin), 40 miles (64 km) southwest, it was established by the ...
Ilbert Bill: in the history of India, a controversial measure proposed in 1883 that sought to allow senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British subjects in India. The bill, severely weakened by compromise, was enacted by the Indian Legislative Council ...
Ilchester: town ("parish"), South Somerset district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, England. It lies along the River Yeo. Ilchester was known as Lindinis under Roman rule and was the northern tribal capital of the Durotriges, an early British people. A ...
Ile-de-France: region of France encompassing the north-central departements of Val-d'Oise, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Ville-de-Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Val-de-Marne, Essonne, and Yvelines. Ile-de-France is bounded by the regions of Picardy (Picardie) to the north, Champagne-Ardenne to ...
Ile-Ife: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. The town lies at the intersection of roads from Ibadan (40 miles [64 km] west), Ilesha, and Ondo. It is one of the larger centres and probably the oldest town of the Yoruba people. Considered ...
Ilebo: town, south-central Congo (Kinshasa). The town lies along the Kasai River near its junction with the Sankuru River. Ilebo is a river port and has rail connections with Kananga and Lubumbashi. It is an important transshipment point in the transport ...
ileitis: chronic inflammation of one or more sections of the intestine. In its strict sense, the term refers to an inflammation of the lower, or terminal, portion of the small intestine, known as the ileum. A specific and more serious type ...
Ilerda, Campaign of: (49 BC), the campaign leading to the victory of Julius Caesar over Pompey's forces in Spain. In the spring of 49 BC, Caesar sent six legions from Gaul into Spain under Gaius Fabius and joined them at Ilerda (Lerida) on ...
Ilesha: town, Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. It lies in the Yoruba Hills and at the intersection of roads from Ile-Ife, Oshogbo, and Akure. The town is one of the oldest settlements in Yorubaland-according to tradition, it was founded by an owa ...
ileum: the final and longest segment of the small intestine. It is specifically responsible for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂ and the reabsorption of conjugated bile salts. The ileum is about 4 metres (13 feet) long and extends from the jejunum ...
Ilex: genus of plants commonly known collectively as holly (q.v.).
Ilf, Ilya; and Petrov, Yevgeny: Soviet humorists, whose intimate literary collaboration at the end of the 1920s and in the '30s resulted in a number of immensely popular satirical works.
Ilhus: city, southeastern Bahia estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It is situated just east of Itabuna near the mouth of the Cachoeira River on Ilheus Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. An old Portuguese colonial settlement that was ...
Ili River: river in western Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China. It is 870 miles (1,400 km) long and drains the basin between the Tien Shan ("Celestial Mountains") to the south and the P'o-lo-k'o-nu Mountains to the north. Both ranges are extremely ...
Iliad: epic poem on the Trojan War traditionally attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer.
Iliamna Lake: inland body of water, southwestern Alaska, U.S. It lies west of Cook Inlet (Gulf of Alaska), near Lake Clark National Park and Preserve (north) and Katmai National Park and Preserve (south). Named by Tanaina Indians, the lake was said to ...
Iliescu, Ion: Romanian politician who twice served as president of Romania (1990-96; 2000-04).
Iligan: city, northern Mindanao, southern Philippines. On the southeastern shore of Iligan Bay, it is the island's major industrial city and an important port at the mouth of the Iligan River. Its growth has stemmed largely from the proximity of the ...
Ilinsky, Igor: Russian actor of stage and screen, especially well known for his comic portrayals of rogues and buffoons.
iliocostalis muscle: any of the deep muscles of the back that, as part of the erector spinae (sacrospinalis) muscle group, aid in extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending to the side), and rotation of the spinal column. The iliocostalis group consists of ...
Ilion: village, Herkimer county, central New York, U.S. It lies on the Mohawk River and the New York State Canal System, adjacent to Mohawk village, 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Utica. Settled in 1725 by Palatinate Germans, it was known ...
Ilipa, Battle of: (206 BC), victory of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio (later called Scipio Africanus) over Carthaginian forces in Spain during the Second Punic War. Scipio, who had been campaigning against the Carthaginian armies in Spain since 210, met their combined ...
illah, Al-: town, central Iraq. It lies on the Al-Hillah Stream, the eastern branch of the Euphrates River, and on a road and a rail line running northward to Baghdad. The town was founded in the 10th century as Al-Jamiayn ("Two Mosques") ...
Illawarra: southern coastal district, New South Wales, Australia, extending 110 miles (180 km) from Bald Hill (north of Stanwell Park) south to the Shoalhaven River and Batemans Bay and from the shore west to the Illawarra Range of the Eastern Highlands, ...
illegitimacy: status of children begotten and born outside of wedlock. Many statutes either state, or are interpreted to mean, that usually a child born under a void marriage is not illegitimate if his parents clearly believed that they were legally married. ...
Illiciales: order of primitive, dicotyledonous flowering plants comprising the families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae, with three genera, of mostly tropical and subtropical woody plants. All have radially symmetrical, mainly beetle-pollinated flowers that lack differentiation between the outer and inner floral whorls (sepals ...
Illinois: a confederation of small, Algonquian-speaking Indian tribes originally spread over what is now southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois and parts of Missouri and Iowa; the best-known tribes were the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa. The Illinois were primarily hunters; ...
Illinois: constituent state of the United States of America. It encompasses 56,345 square miles (145,934 square kilometres) and stretches 385 miles (620 kilometres) from Wisconsin in the north to Cairo in the area that is known as "Little Egypt," which lies ...
Illinois Central Railroad: former U.S. railroad founded in 1851 that expanded service from Illinois to much of the Midwest before merging with the Canadian National Railway Company (CN) in 1999.
Illinois Institute of Technology: private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Chicago, Illinois, U.S. It dates to 1890, when the Armour Institute of Technology was founded (its first classes were held in 1893). The institute owes its heritage to a sermon by Chicago minister ...
Illinois River: navigable stream of northern and central Illinois, U.S. It is formed by the junction of the Des Plaines and Kankakee rivers in Grundy county, about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Joliet. It flows generally west across the state until ...
Illinois State University: public, coeducational university in Normal, Illinois, U.S. Established in 1857, the university is the oldest public institution of higher learning in the state. Abraham Lincoln drafted the documents that established the school, which was among the first normal (teacher-training) schools ...