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Ingstad, Helge Marcus ... initiative

Ingstad, Helge Marcus: Norwegian writer and adventurer (b. Dec. 30, 1899, Meraaker, Nor.-d. March 29, 2001, Oslo, Nor.), proved the long-debated theory that Vikings established a settlement in North America in about AD 1000. From the early 1950s Ingstad and his wife, archaeologist ... [1 Related Articles]
inguinal amplexus: (from the article "Anura") ...eggs. In the more primitive frogs (the families Ascaphidae, Leiopelmatidae, Bombinatoridae, and Discoglossidae and the mesobatrachians), the male grasps the female from above and around the waist (inguinal amplexus), whereas in the more advanced frogs (neobatrachians) the position is shifted ...
inguinal canal: (from the article "reproductive system, animal") ...a few rodents such as ground squirrels; most, if not all, bats; and some primitive primates (loris, potto). The scrotum consists of two scrotal sacs, each connected to the abdominal cavity by an inguinal canal lined with the peritoneal membrane. ...
inguinal gland: (from the article "artiodactyl") Inguinal (belly) glands are found in bovids, there being two in sheep, saiga, chiru, gazelles, duikers, and blackbuck, and four in members of the tribes Reduncini and Tragelaphini. Carpal (wrist) glands are present in some pigs, some gazelles and allies, ...
Ingund: (from the article "Hermenegild, Saint") Brought up in the Arian heresy, Hermenegild married (579) a daughter of Sigebert I of Austrasia, Ingund, a zealous orthodox Catholic. Given a separate command at his father's siege of Byzantine-held Sevilla (Seville), he was converted through the efforts of ...
ingungu: (from the article "African music") ...techniques differ widely: some drums are beaten with the bare hands, others with straight or curved sticks. Friction drums are also occasionally found, such as the ingungu used in Zulu girls' nubility rites. Except in the extreme ...
Inguri Dam: world's highest arch dam (completed 1980), located on the Inguri River in western Georgia near the point at which the river leaves the Caucasus Mountains on its way to the Black Sea. It is a huge 892-foot- (272-metre-) tall double-curvature ...
Ingush: (from the article "Chechnya") Chechnya's main ethnic group is the Chechen, with minorities of Russians and Ingush. The Chechen and Ingush are both Muslim and are two of the many Caucasian mountain peoples whose language belongs to the Nakh group. Fiercely independent, the Chechen ...
Ingush language: (from the article "Caucasian languages") The Nakh languages consist of Chechen (890,000 speakers), Ingush (210,000), and Bats (or Tsova-Tushian, about 3,000 speakers). The Chechens and Ingush live in Chechenia and Ingushetia; the Bats dwell in the village Zemo-Alvani in the Akhmeta district of northeastern Georgia. ...
Ingushetia: republic in southwestern Russia. The crest line of the Greater Caucasus range forms its southern boundary with Georgia; the Russian republic of Chechnya lies to the east, and that of North Ossetia-Alania (formerly North Ossetia) to the west and north. ... [2 Related Articles]
inhalant chamber: (from the article "bivalve") ...extend outward from either side of the axis, and cilia on their surfaces create an upward respiratory water current that passes from the mantle cavity below the gill (the infrabranchial, or inhalant, chamber) to that area above it (the suprabranchial, ...
inhalational anesthetic: (from the article "drug") Inhalational anesthetics are administered in combination with oxygen, and most are excreted by the lungs with little or no metabolism by the body. Except for the naturally occurring gas nitrous oxide, all the currently used major inhalational anesthetics are hydrocarbons, ...
inhaler: (from the article "Health and Disease") The FDA approved the first insulin delivered by inhalation for people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The product, Exubera, was a fast-acting form of human insulin that could replace the short-acting insulin that many patients injected at mealtimes. ...
Inhambane: town, southeastern Mozambique. The town is a commercial seaport on Inhambane Bay, an inlet of the Mozambique Channel (Indian Ocean). It is a market centre, and industry consists mainly in the processing of cashew nuts.
Inhamissengo River: (from the article "Zambezi River") ...main channels, each again divided into two. The wider, eastern channel splits into the Muselo River to the north and the main mouth of the Zambezi to the south. The western channel forms both the Inhamissengo River and the smaller ...
inharmonicity: (from the article "sound") Inharmonicities, or deviations of the frequencies of the harmonics from the exact multiples of the fundamental, are very important in tuned percussion instruments. For example, because of the inherent stiffness of piano strings, the overtones of the piano have slight ...
inherent note pattern: (from the article "African music") Closely associated with interlocking techniques but not necessarily depending on them is the composition of inherent note patterns. These are rhythmic and melodic patterns that emerge when series of notes in distinct intervals are played at high speed.
inheritance: (from the article "valley") A third explanation for cross-axial drainage is that of inheritance. In this hypothesis, an erosion surface is developed across the structure zone by long-continued planation. When the streams incise, abandoning the former planation surface, they become imposed across the structures. ...
inheritance: the devolution of property on an heir or heirs upon the death of the owner. The term inheritance also designates the property itself. In modern society the process is regulated in minute detail by law. In the civil law of ... [25 Related Articles]
Inheritance Act: (from the article "inheritance") ...in 1900, of a statute that empowers the court to order adequate provision for the maintenance of a spouse or a needy child out of the estate of any testator who has not made such provision. Family provision acts of ...
Inheritance Act: (from the article "inheritance") ...daughter, a minor son, any incapacitated child, or an unmarried former spouse of the decedent. The scope of this system of discretionary financial provision was extended by the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependents) Act of 1975. Under that act, ...
inheritance of acquired characteristics: (from the article "Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste") In 1800 Lamarck first set forth the revolutionary notion of species mutability during a lecture to students in his invertebrate zoology class at the National Museum of Natural History. By 1802 the general outlines of his broad theory of organic ...
inheritance tax: levy on the property accruing to each beneficiary of the estate of a deceased person. It is usually calculated by reference to the amount received and the relationship (if any) of the beneficiary to the deceased. In some systems the ... [5 Related Articles]
inherited character: (from the article "character") in biology, any observable feature, or trait, of an organism, whether acquired or inherited. An acquired character is a response to the environment; an inherited character is produced by genes transmitted from parent to offspring (their expressions are often modified ...
inhibin: (from the article "endocrine system, human") Other ovarian products include inhibin, which is secreted by the granulosa cells (and by Sertoli cells in men), and relaxin, which is produced by the corpus luteum. The primary action of inhibin is to inhibit the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone ...
inhibition: in enzymology, a phenomenon in which a compound, called an inhibitor, in most cases similar in structure to the substance (substrate) upon which an enzyme acts to form a product, interacts with the enzyme so that the resulting complex either ... [2 Related Articles]
inhibition: (from the article "eye, human") In the central nervous system generally, the relay of impulses from one nerve cell or neuron to excite another is only one aspect of neuronal interaction. Just as important, if not more so, is the inhibition of one neuron by ...
inhibition: in psychology, conscious or unconscious constraint or curtailment of a process or behaviour, especially of impulses or desires. Inhibition serves necessary social functions, abating or preventing certain impulses from being acted on (e.g., the desire to hit someone in the ... [8 Related Articles]
inhibitor: (from the article "catalysis") Cases are also known in which the addition of a foreign substance, called an inhibitor, decreases the rate of a chemical reaction. This phenomenon, properly termed inhibition or retardation, is sometimes called negative catalysis. Concentrations of the inhibitor may in ...
inhibitory amino acid: (from the article "nervous system") ...enough evidence that some amino acids act as either excitatory or inhibitory transmitters. The excitatory amino acids include glutamic acid (or glutamate) and aspartic acid (or aspartate), and the inhibitory amino acids include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine.gamma-aminobutyric acid
inhibitory postsynaptic potential: (from the article "nervous system") ...inside of the membrane more negative. Because this hyperpolarization draws the membrane potential farther from the threshold, making it more difficult to generate a nerve impulse, it is called an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). The interaction of competing EPSPs and ...
inhumation: (from the article "burial") Burial in the ground by hollowing out a trench in the earth for the body or covering it with rocks or dirt dates back at least to Middle Paleolithic times. Grave burial, or inhumation, may be simple or elaborate. Some ...
Iniet: (from the article "art and architecture, Oceanic") Much Tolai art was incorporated into the ritual of two male secret societies, the Iniet and the Dukduk. Iniet initiations were held in walled enclosures lined with paintings of human figures. Long panels of openwork carving showing human figures, animals, ...
Inisa: town, Oyo state, southwestern Nigeria, near a station on the railroad from Lagos, some 135 miles (215 km) to the southwest. Situated on the road from Ikirun to Offa and Ilorin, Inisa is a local market centre (yams, cassava, corn ...
Inisheer: (from the article "Aran Islands") three limestone islands-Inishmore, Inishmaan, and Inisheer-comprising 18 square miles (47 square km) and lying across the mouth of Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland. They are administratively part of County Galway. The islands, whose sheer cliffs face the ...
Inishmaan: (from the article "Aran Islands") three limestone islands-Inishmore, Inishmaan, and Inisheer-comprising 18 square miles (47 square km) and lying across the mouth of Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland. They are administratively part of County Galway. The islands, whose sheer cliffs face the ...
Inishmore: (from the article "Aran Islands") three limestone islands-Inishmore, Inishmaan, and Inisheer-comprising 18 square miles (47 square km) and lying across the mouth of Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland. They are administratively part of County Galway. The islands, whose sheer cliffs face the ...
initial: (from the article "angiosperm") ...(vegetative) activities, such as metabolism, respiration, and storage, occur. The areas of dividing cells, essentially permanently embryonic tissue, are called meristems, and their cells are termed initials. In the embryo they are found at either end of the bipolar axis ...
initial caesura: (from the article "caesura") ...and Neoclassical verse, the caesura occurs most frequently in the middle of the line (medial caesura), but in modern verse its place is flexible; it may occur near the beginning of one line (an initial caesura) and near the end ...
Initial Period: (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") The next epoch, called the Initial Period by the American scholar John H. Rowe, and the Lower Formative by the Peruvian archaeologist Luis G. Lumbreras, began with the introduction of pottery. The earliest ceramics have yielded radiocarbon dates of about ...
initial public offering: (from the article "Economic Affairs") Between a relatively thin calendar of initial public offerings (IPOs) and a steady stream of mergers and acquisitions taking companies off the market, the number of securities traded on the NYSE edged up only slightly to 3,669 stocks issued by ...
initial radiation: (from the article "nuclear weapon") A special feature of a nuclear explosion is the emission of nuclear radiation, which may be separated into initial radiation and residual radiation. Initial radiation, also known as prompt radiation, consists of gamma rays and neutrons produced within a minute ...
Initial Teaching Alphabet: alphabet of 44 characters designed by Sir James Pitman to help children learn to read English more effectively. The Initial Teaching Alphabet is based on the phonemic (sound) system of English and uses the Roman alphabet, augmented by 14 additional ... [1 Related Articles]
initial value: (from the article "parabolic equation") ...of problem, the initial temperature distribution along the rod and the manner in which the temperature at the ends of the rod is changing must also be known. These additional conditions are called initial values and boundary values, respectively, and ...
initial value problem: (from the article "numerical analysis") ...equation has a solution at a discrete set of points, and this solution approximates that of the original equation. Such numerical procedures are often called finite difference methods. Most initial value problems for ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations ...
initialism: (from the article "abbreviation") Acronyms are to be distinguished from initialisms such as U.S.A. and NCAA, which are spoken by reciting their letters.
initiation: (from the article "cancer") Experiments with chemical compounds demonstrate that the induction of tumours involves two clear steps: initiation and promotion. Initiation is characterized by permanent, heritable damage to a cell's DNA. A chemical capable of initiating cancer-a tumour initiator-sows the seeds of cancer ...
initiation: (from the article "chain reaction") A chemical chain reaction proceeds by a sequence generally subdivided into three stages: (1) Initiation, in which a reactive intermediate, which may be an atom, an ion, or a neutral molecular fragment, is formed, usually through the action of an ...
initiation rite: (from the article "education") ...in some cultures is strictly standardized and regulated. The teaching personnel may consist of fully initiated men, often unknown to the initiate though they are his relatives in other clans. The initiation may begin with the initiate being abruptly separated ...
initiative: (from the article "chess") ...games, pawns and knights played minor roles. Pawns were often sacrificed so that the queen, rooks, and bishops could join the attack as soon as possible. The first priority for Morphy was the initiative, the ability to force matters. Superior ...
initiative: (from the article "referendum and initiative") electoral devices by which voters may express their wishes with regard to government policy or proposed legislation. They exist in a variety of forms.electionselectionReferendum and initiativeThe referendum and initiative are ...