| | - Indus Delta
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...zone (Sind) being mostly saline and unfit for agricultural use. Extensive areas in both the northern and southern zones of the plain have been affected by waterlogging and salinity. In the south the Indus delta (in marked contrast to the ...
- Indus Kohistan
- (from the article "Kohistan") In the North-West Frontier, Kohistan is that sparsely populated area of Pakistan which lies west of Chilas in Kashmir and the Kagan Valley. The eastern part is known as Indus Kohistan (for the Indus River) and the western part, divided ...
- Indus Plain
- (from the article "climate") ...(as later discussed in the section on the West African monsoon), whereas those affecting the north are due to an interaction of the middle and low latitudes. The southwest monsoon over the lower Indus Plain is only 500 metres (about ...
- Indus River
- great trans-Himalayan river of South Asia and one of the longest rivers in the world, having a length of 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometres). It has a total drainage area of about 450,000 square miles (1,165,500 square kilometres), of which 175,000 ... [9 Related Articles]
- Indus river dolphin
- (from the article "Pakistan") ...spoonbills, geese, pochards, and wood ducks. Crocodiles, gavials (crocodile-like reptiles), pythons, and wild boars inhabit the Indus River delta area. The Indus River itself is home to the Indus river dolphin, a freshwater dolphin whose habitat has been severely stressed ...
- Indus Valley
- (from the article "river") ...China alone. Most of this activity involves the use of natural floodwater, although reliance on artificially impounded storage has increased rapidly. Irrigation in the 1,300-kilometre length of the Indus Valley, for instance, depends almost exclusively on barrages (i.e., distributor canals) ...
- Indus Waters Treaty
- (from the article "Thar Desert") The partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 left most of the irrigation canals fed by the rivers of the Indus system in Pakistani territory, while a large desert region remained unirrigated on the Indian side of the border. The ...
- Indus-Tsang-po Suture Zone
- (from the article "mountain") ...Indus River in the west and the Brahmaputra River (also called Tsang-po or Yarlung Zangbo Jiang) in the east. The last remnants of the Tethys Ocean floor can be found in what some refer to as the Indus-Tsang-po Suture Zone, ...
- indusium
- (from the article "sorus") ...or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves. A sorus may be protected during development by a scale or flap of tissue called an indusium. In rust and smut fungi, a sorus ...
- Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
- (from the article "China") ...include the People's Construction Bank of China, responsible for capitalizing a portion of overall investment and for providing capital funds for certain industrial and construction enterprises; the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, which conducts ordinary commercial transactions and acts ...
- Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union
- (from the article "Southern Africa") ...were illegal and often were put down with violence. Nevertheless, the period 1918-22 saw a great deal of working-class militancy, and in 1920 Clements Kadalie, a Nyasaland migrant, founded the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (ICU). Initially consisting of dockworkers ...
- industrial architecture
- (from the article "architecture") Buildings for exchange, transportation, communication, manufacturing, and power production meet the principal needs of commerce and industry. In the past these needs were mostly unspecialized. They were met either within domestic architecture or in buildings distinguished from domestic types chiefly ...
- Industrial Areas Foundation
- (from the article "Alinsky, Saul") ...campaign in a working-class area of Chicago; the result was the Back of the Yards Council, which became a prototype for a generation of community organizations. In 1940, Alinsky founded the Industrial Areas Foundation and trained cadres of organizers in ...
- Industrial Bank of China
- (from the article "Berthelot, Philippe (-Joseph-Louis)") ...In September 1920 the post of secretary general was created expressly for him. In 1921 he resigned after being accused of using his influence improperly in connection with the affairs of the Industrial Bank of China, of which his brother ...
- Industrial Bank of Japan
- former Japanese commercial bank that operated a general-banking and foreign-exchange business with branches in Japan and overseas. Established in 1902, the bank had specialized in medium- and long-term financing of industrial development, and both its main office and its foreign ...
- industrial capitalism
- (from the article "economic systems") Commercial capitalism proved to be only transitional. The succeeding form would be distinguished by the pervasive mechanization and industrialization of its productive processes, changes that introduced new dynamic tendencies into the economic system while significantly transforming the social and physical ...
- industrial ceramics
- Ceramics are broadly defined as inorganic, nonmetallic materials that exhibit such useful properties as high strength and hardness, high melting temperatures, chemical inertness, and low thermal and electrical conductivity but that also display brittleness and sensitivity to flaws. As practical ... [8 Related Articles]
- industrial city
- (from the article "urban culture") Industrial cities appeared after the full development of industrial capitalism in the core nation-states of the late 18th-century world system. Their urban cultural role fit well with the capitalist economic order that came to dominate all other social institutions. Capitalism ...
- Industrial Conciliation Act
- (from the article "South Africa") ...1919, used artillery and aircraft to crush what became known as the Rand Revolt, at a cost of some 200 lives. This intense conflict between white unions and employers ended with the passage of the Industrial Conciliation Act in 1924, ...
- Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act
- (from the article "organized labour") ...the installation of systems of compulsory arbitration that would oblige employers to deal with them. It was the Liberal government in New Zealand that enacted the first effective measure. The Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1894 was drafted by ...
- industrial country
- (from the article "Education") A study of education in advanced industrial nations predicted that the 17.3 million people in the U.S. enrolled in college in 2000 would increase 13% to 19.6 million by 2015. Such growth would fail to match the rate of increase ...
- industrial design
- the design of mass-produced consumer products. Industrial designers, often trained as architects or other visual arts professionals, are usually part of a larger creative team. Their primary responsibility is to help produce manufactured items that not only work well but ... [16 Related Articles]
- Industrial Designers Society of America
- (from the article "industrial design") ...and Craftsmen (founded in 1927), for instance, was followed by the American Designers Institute (1938) and the Society of Industrial Designers (1944), all of which eventually merged to form the Industrial Designers Society of America (1965). As with the Deutscher ...
- Industrial Development Corporation
- (from the article "South Africa") The South African economy is essentially based on private enterprise, but the state participates in many ways. Through the Industrial Development Corporation, the apartheid-era government set up and controlled a wide array of public corporations, many relating to industrial infrastructure. ...
- Industrial Development Corporation
- (from the article "Zambia") ...Reforms of April 1968, in which the government declared its intention to acquire an equity holding (usually 51 percent or more) in a number of key foreign-owned firms, to be controlled by the Industrial Development Corporation (INDECO). By January 1970 ...
- Industrial Development, Institute of
- (from the article "Colombia") Before the enactment of neoliberal reforms in the 1990s, the Institute of Industrial Development supplied the necessary capital for enterprises too large to be privately financed, investing large sums to strengthen the metalworking industry, to set up motor-vehicle assembly plants, ...
- industrial diamond
- any diamond that is designated for industrial use, principally as a cutting tool or abrasive. In general, industrial diamonds are too badly flawed, irregularly shaped, poorly coloured, or small to be of value as gems, but they are of vital ...
- industrial dispute
- (from the article "industrial relations") ...in the l930s, to Kohler, Wis., in the l950s. Whatever grievances workers have had in these situations, it is clear that economic issues do not offer a complete explanation of the bitterness of the disputes, in part because any grievance ...
- industrial engineering
- application of engineering principles and techniques of scientific management to the maintenance of a high level of productivity at optimum cost in industrial enterprises. [6 Related Articles]
- industrial espionage
- acquisition of trade secrets from business competitors. A by-product of the technological revolution, industrial espionage is a reaction to the efforts of many businessmen to keep secret their designs, formulas, manufacturing processes, research, and future plans in order to protect ...
- industrial fabric
- (from the article "textile") This class of fabrics includes composition products, processing fabrics, and direct-use types.
- industrial glass
- solid material that is normally lustrous and transparent in appearance and that shows great durability under exposure to the natural elements. These three properties-lustre, transparency, and durability-make glass a favoured material for such household objects as windowpanes, bottles, and lightbulbs. ...
- industrial hygiene
- (from the article "medicine") ...in industries working with new substances, the physician should determine if workers are being damaged and suggest preventive measures. The industrial physician may advise management about industrial hygiene and the need for safety devices and protective clothing and may become ...
- Industrial Light and Magic
- (from the article "motion-picture technology") To reduce the graininess that each generation of film adds to the original, concerns such as George Lucas' Industrial Light and Magic produce their effects on 65-mm film. Others, notably Albert Whitlock, have revived the old practice of making matte ...
- industrial medicine
- the branch of medicine concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of diseases and accidental injuries in working populations in the workplace. [2 Related Articles]
- industrial melanism
- the darkness-of the skin, feathers, or fur-acquired by a population of animals living in an industrial region where the environment is soot-darkened. The melanization of a population increases the probability that its members will survive and reproduce; it takes place ... [6 Related Articles]
- industrial music
- dissonant electronic music that arose in the late 1970s in response to punk rock. Coined by British postpunk experimentalists Throbbing Gristle, the term industrial simultaneously evoked the genre's bleak, dystopian worldview and its harsh, assaultive sound ("muzak ...
- industrial polymers, chemistry of
- structure and composition of chemical compounds made up of long, chainlike molecules.
- industrial polymers, major
- chemical compounds used in the manufacture of synthetic industrial materials.
- Industrial Reconstruction, Institute for
- (from the article "Italy") ...had to be rescued in the early 1930s, as did many large industrial companies. Two new state-run holding companies, the Italian Industrial Finance Institute (Istituto Mobiliare Italiano; IMI) and the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale; IRI), ...
- industrial relations
- the behaviour of workers in organizations in which they earn their living. [11 Related Articles]
- Industrial Relations Act
- (from the article "organized labour") ...fines-a development even less welcome to British unions than to those in Australia. The proposals were withdrawn, but the successor Conservative government introduced a new legal code in the Industrial Relations Act of 1971, which included laws on unfair industrial ...
- Industrial Relations Court
- (from the article "organized labour") ...in the Industrial Relations Act of 1971, which included laws on unfair industrial practices and on legally binding agreements. These and various other provisions were to be enforced by a special Industrial Relations Court-in effect reversing the entire British tradition ...
- industrial reseller
- (from the article "marketing") ...manufacturers incorporate the purchased goods into their final products, which are then sold to final consumers (e.g., the manufacturer of television receivers buys tubes and transistors). Industrial resellers are middlemen-essentially wholesalers but in some cases retailers-who distribute goods to user ...
- Industrial Revitalization Corp. of Japan
- (from the article "Japan") In October Daiei, Japan's supermarket giant, asked the Industrial Revitalization Corp. of Japan (IRCJ) to help support its reconstruction. The IRCJ was an official entity that had been established in 2003 to help revitalize financially troubled but salvageable companies. Daiei's ...
- Industrial Revolution
- in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian, handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. This process began in England in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. Although ... [81 Related Articles]
- industrial robot
- (from the article "automation") Industrial robotics is an automation technology that has received considerable attention since about 1960. This section will discuss the development of industrial robotics, the design of the robot manipulator, and the methods of programming robots. The applications of robots are ...
- industrial sewage
- (from the article "environmental works") There are three types of wastewater, or sewage: domestic sewage, industrial sewage, and storm sewage. Domestic sewage carries used water from houses and apartments; it is also called sanitary sewage. Industrial sewage is used water from manufacturing or chemical processes. ...
- industrial ship
- (from the article "ship") Industrial ships are those whose function is to carry out an industrial process at sea. A fishing-fleet mother ship that processes fish into fillets, canned fish, or fish meal is an example. Some floating oil drilling or production rigs are ...
- Industrial Training Act
- (from the article "employee training") ...Training schemes also have been supported by professional groups, such as the International City Managers' Association, the Public Personnel Association, and the Council of State Governments. The Industrial Training Act, which came into force in Great Britain in 1964, provided ...
- Industrial Training Board
- (from the article "employee training") ...Association, the Public Personnel Association, and the Council of State Governments. The Industrial Training Act, which came into force in Great Britain in 1964, provided for the establishment of an Industrial Training Board for each industry to make specific recommendations ...
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