| | - Indre River
- river, west-central France, a left-bank tributary of the Loire River. Rising on the northern flanks of the Massif Central, it flows 165 miles (265 km) northwestward through Indre and Indre-et-Loire departements, joining the Loire northwest of Chinon and draining a ... [1 Related Articles]
- Indre-et-Loire
- (from the article "Centre") region of France encompassing the central departements of Cher, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher, Loiret, and Eure-et-Loir. Centre is bounded by the regions of Haute-Normandie and Ile-de-France to the north, Burgundy (Bourgogne) to ...
- Indrebo, R.
- (from the article "biblical literature") ...intelligible to Danish readers, but the version of E. Blix (New Testament, 1889; complete Bible, 1921) is in New Norwegian. A revised Bible in this standardized form of the language, executed by R. Indrebo, was published by the Norwegian Bible ...
- indri
- slender, long-limbed primate found in the forests of Madagascar. The largest of the lemurs, it is 60-70 cm (24-28 inches) long, with a rudimentary tail and large hands and feet. The round head has a pointed face and round, furry ...
- Indricotherium
- genus of giant browsing perissodactyls found as fossils in Asian deposits of the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene epochs (30 to 16.6 million years ago). The indricotherium, which was related to the modern rhinoceros but was hornless, was the largest ... [1 Related Articles]
- Indridae
- (from the article "Indridae") family of arboreal Madagascan primates. See avahi; indri; sifaka.diademed sifakaDiademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema).Tom Junek
- indriya
- (Sanskrit: "faculty"), according to Indian philosophy, the instruments of a person's direct perception of the outside world. They are of two kinds, motoric and sensory. The motoric faculties are those of speaking, grasping, walking, ejaculating, and evacuating. The sensory faculties, ...
- Induan Stage
- lowermost of two divisions of the Lower Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Induan time (from 251 million to 249.7 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The stage name is derived from the Indus River in the ...
- induced absorption
- (from the article "spectroscopy") ...can result in the emission of additional radiation of frequency nu as the molecule undergoes a transition to state Elo. These two phenomena are referred to as induced absorption and induced emission, respectively. Also a molecule in an excited (high) ...
- induced dipole
- (from the article "chemical bonding") ...neighbouring molecule, which then interacts with the original transient dipole. Although the latter continuously flickers from one direction to another (with an average of zero dipole overall), the induced dipole follows it, and the two correlated dipoles interact favourably with ...
- induced drag
- (from the article "airplane") Induced drag is caused by that element of the air deflected downward which is not vertical to the flight path but is tilted slightly rearward from it. As the angle of attack increases, so does drag; at a critical point, ...
- induced magnetization
- (from the article "geomagnetic field") Crustal magnetization is of two types: induced and remanant. Induced magnetization occurs when the elementary magnetic dipoles of crustal materials are aligned by the Earth's main field, just as a compass needle is aligned. If a material of particularly high ...
- induced ovulation
- (from the article "animal behaviour") Behaviour may stimulate hormone production. Female cats, rabbits, and some other mammals are "induced ovulators." In other words, copulation stimulates the hypothalamus via the nervous system, and the pituitary gland is then stimulated to produce luteinizing hormones (LH), which in ...
- induced pluripotent stem cell
- (from the article "stem cell") Due to the ethical and moral issues surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells, scientists have searched for ways to reprogram adult somatic cells. Studies of cell fusion, in which differentiated adult somatic cells grown in culture with embryonic stem ...
- induced-fit theory
- (from the article "allosteric control") ...the enzyme and its substrate (the compound upon which it acts to form a product). As a result, the ability of the enzyme to catalyze a reaction is modified. This is the basis of the so-called induced-fit theory, which states ...
- induced-polarization method
- (from the article "Earth exploration") ...in a charge buildup at the interface. This charge builds up shortly after current flow begins, and it takes a short time to decay after the current circuit is broken. Such an effect is measured in induced-polarization methods and is ...
- inducer
- (from the article "metabolism") ...a constituent, the manner in which the alterations are elicited may be distinguished. Thus, an increase in the rates at which enzymes of catabolic routes are synthesized results from the addition of inducers-usually compounds that exhibit some structural similarity to ...
- inducible enzyme
- (from the article "induction") in enzymology, a metabolic control mechanism with the effect of increasing the rate of synthesis of an enzyme. In induction, synthesis of a specific enzyme, called an inducible enzyme (e.g., beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli), occurs when cells are exposed to ...
- Inducing Infringement of Copyrights Act
- (from the article "Computers and Information Systems") The U.S. Congress considered aiding the music industry in its fight against file-sharing networks. The Senate introduced a bill, called the Inducing Infringement of Copyrights Act, that would make a person who induced another to violate copyright law legally liable ...
- inductance
- property of a conductor (often in the shape of a coil) that is measured by the size of the electromotive force, or voltage, induced in it, compared with the rate of change of the electric current that produces the voltage. ... [2 Related Articles]
- induction
- in embryology, process by which the presence of one tissue influences the development of others. Certain tissues, especially in very young embryos, apparently have the potential to direct the differentiation of adjacent cells. Absence of the inducing tissue results in ... [3 Related Articles]
- induction
- in enzymology, a metabolic control mechanism with the effect of increasing the rate of synthesis of an enzyme. In induction, synthesis of a specific enzyme, called an inducible enzyme (e.g., beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli), occurs when cells are exposed to ...
- induction
- in logic, method of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal. As it applies to logic in systems of the 20th century, the term is obsolete. Traditionally, logicians distinguished ... [16 Related Articles]
- induction coil
- (from the article "transformer") Transformers change voltage through electromagnetic induction; i.e., as the magnetic lines of force (flux lines) build up and collapse with the changes in current passing through the primary coil, current is induced in another coil, called the secondary. The secondary ...
- induction drive
- (from the article "watch") ...of three drive systems: (1) the galvanometer drive, consisting of the conventional balance-hairspring oscillator, kept in motion by the magnetic interaction of a coil and a permanent magnet, (2) the induction drive, in which an electromagnet attracts a balance containing ...
- induction force
- (from the article "liquid") In addition to the forces listed above, there are so-called induction forces set up when a charged or polar molecule induces a dipole in another molecule: the electric field of the inducing molecule distorts the charge distribution in the other. ...
- induction furnace
- (from the article "electric furnace") In the induction furnace, a coil carrying alternating electric current surrounds the container or chamber of metal. Eddy currents are induced in the metal (charge), the circulation of these currents producing extremely high temperatures for melting the metals and for ...
- induction generator
- (from the article "electric generator") An induction machine can operate as a generator if it is connected to an electric supply network operating at a substantially constant voltage and frequency. If torque is applied to the induction machine by a prime mover, it will tend ...
- induction hardening
- (from the article "induction heating") ...and therefore the distribution of heat within the object, depends on the frequency of the primary alternating current and the magnetic permeability, as well as the resistivity, of the material. Induction hardening, widely used to increase the resistance of steel ...
- induction heating
- method of raising the temperature of an electrically conductive material by subjecting it to an alternating electromagnetic field. The electric currents induced in the object (although it is electrically isolated from the source of the field) bring about dissipation of ... [3 Related Articles]
- induction motor
- (from the article "electric motor") The simplest type of induction motor is shown in cross section in the figure. A three-phase set of stator windings is inserted in slots in the stator iron. These windings may be connected either in a wye configuration, normally without ...
- induction regulator
- (from the article "voltage regulator") ...systems the regulators are either in the substations or on the feeder lines themselves. Two types of regulators are used: step regulators, in which switches regulate the current supply, and induction regulators, in which an induction motor supplies a secondary, ...
- induction ring
- (from the article "Faraday, Michael") ...something he was convinced happened in a current-carrying wire. He was even more impressed by the fact that such patterns could be induced in one plate by bowing another nearby. Such acoustic induction is apparently what lay behind his most ...
- induction system
- (from the article "air-conditioning") ...takes many circumstances into consideration. A self-contained unit, described above, serves a space directly. More complex systems, as in tall buildings, use ducts to deliver cooled air. In the induction system, air is cooled once at a central plant and ...
- induction, problem of
- problem of justifying the inductive inference from the observed to the unobserved. It was given its classic formulation by the Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711-76), who noted that all such inferences rely, directly or indirectly, on the rationally unfounded premise ...
- induction-type meter
- (from the article "watt-hour meter") Mercury-type and commutator-type watt-hour meters measure power in direct-current circuits. Induction-type meters measure power in alternating-current circuits and are the type commonly seen on the outside of houses. Specialized watt-hour meters include totalizing meters, which record the power used in ...
- inductive effect
- (from the article "carboxylic acid") ...drawn farther from the carbon than the electrons in the corresponding H&singlehorzbond;C bond. Thus, chlorine is considered to be an electron-withdrawing group. This is one example of the so-called inductive effect, in which a substituent affects a compound's distribution of ...
- inductive reactance
- (from the article "reactance") Reactance is of two types: inductive and capacitive. Inductive reactance is associated with the magnetic field that surrounds a wire or a coil carrying a current. An alternating current in such a conductor, or inductor, sets up an alternating magnetic ...
- Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
- (from the article "Earth sciences") ...age of the mineral zircon, and this has revolutionized the understanding of the isotopic age of formation of zircon-bearing igneous granitic rocks. Another technological development is the ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer), which is able to provide the isotopic ...
- inductor
- (from the article "electricity") ...inductors. As was mentioned above, resistors dissipate heat while carrying a current. Capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field in the volume between oppositely charged electrodes. Inductors are essentially coils of conducting wire; they store magnetic energy ...
- inductor alternator
- (from the article "electric generator") An inductor alternator is a special kind of synchronous generator in which both the field and the output winding are on the stator. In the homopolar type of machine, the magnetic flux is produced by direct current in a stationary ...
- inductor compass
- (from the article "navigation") ...by mounting the compass on a platform kept horizontal by a gyroscope. The directive element must be nonpendulous. The vertical pin supporting the compass needle can be pivoted at both ends, or an inductor element can be employed. In one ...
- indulgence
- a distinctive feature of the penitential system of both the Western medieval and the Roman Catholic church that granted full or partial remission of the punishment of sin. The granting of indulgences was predicated on two beliefs. First, in the ... [17 Related Articles]
- Indulgence, Declaration of
- (from the article "United Kingdom") ...himself a Catholic. That moment came for the king on his deathbed, by which time his brother and heir, the duke of York, had already openly professed his conversion. In 1672 Charles promulgated the Declaration of Indulgence, which suspended the ...
- Indulgents
- (from the article "Danton, Georges") ...the demands of the masses. He quickly showed, however, that he sought to stabilize the Revolutionary movement; very soon-whether he wanted it or not-he appeared as the leader of the Indulgents, the moderate faction that had risen out of the ...
- indulto
- (from the article "bullfighting") ...bull's breeder, who views this as a great honour. If the bull was exceptionally brave, the audience may petition the president to spare the bull's life; if a rare pardon (indulto) is granted, it is indicated by ...
- Indurain, Miguel
- (from the article "Tour de France") ...He won the Tour again in 2001 and 2002, relying on his strength in the mountain climbs. In 2003 he overcame crashes and illness to claim his fifth consecutive Tour de France, tying a record set by Miguel Indurain. He ...
- induration
- hardening of rocks by heat or baking; also the hardening of sediments through cementation or compaction, or both, without the introduction of heat. The classic example is the rock called hornfels, which is formed at contacts with igneous intrusions and ...
- Indus Basin project
- (from the article "Mangla Dam") embankment dam on the Jhelum River, Pakistan, completed in 1967. Mangla Dam is one of the two main structures in the Indus Basin project (the other is Tarbela Dam (q.v.). The Mangla Dam rises 453 feet (138 m) above ground ...
- Indus civilization
- the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent, first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab and then in 1922 at Mohenjo-daro, near the Indus River in the Sindh, now both in Pakistan. Subsequently, vestiges of the civilization ... [20 Related Articles]
- Indus Cone
- (from the article "Arabian Basin") ...is about 9,800 feet (3,000 metres). The floor of the basin, except along the southeastern edge, is covered by sediment deposited by the Indus River in the form of a great alluvial fan-the Indus Cone-whose thickness diminishes to the south.
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