| | - indemnity
- (from the article "insurance") ...in the name of the insured to recover the loss from the negligent neighbour. The principle of subrogation is complemented by another basic principle of insurance contract law, the principle of indemnity. Under the principle of indemnity a person may ...
- Indemnity Act
- (from the article "South Africa") ...Act (1950) defined communism and its aims broadly to include any opposition to the government and empowered the government to detain anyone it thought might further "communist" aims. The Indemnity Act (1961) made it legal for police officers to commit ...
- Indemnity, Bill of
- (from the article "Germany") ...not be prevented would enable them to influence official policy in the direction of greater freedom. With the support of these moderate liberals, on September 3, 1866, the legislature approved the Bill of Indemnity, 230 to 75. By dividing the ...
- Indemnity, Law of
- (from the article "emigre") ...monarchy (1814), the emigres became an important force in French politics, their views ranging from a moderate to an extreme royalist position. Their petitioning resulted in the Law of Indemnity of 1825, designed to reimburse the most needy of those ...
- indentation
- (from the article "punctuation") The system of punctuation now used by writers of English has been complete since the 17th century. Three of its most important components are the space left blank between words; the indentation of the first line of a new paragraph; ...
- indentured labour
- (from the article "slavery") A person became an indentured servant by borrowing money and then voluntarily agreeing to work off the debt during a specified term. In some societies indentured servants probably differed little from debt slaves (i.e., persons who initially were unable to ...
- Independence
- city, seat (1870) of Montgomery county, southeastern Kansas, U.S. Independence lies on the Verdigris River, near Elk City Lake (dammed for flood control and irrigation). It was founded in 1869 by a company that purchased a portion of an Osage ...
- Independence
- city, seat of Jackson county, western Missouri, U.S., immediately east of Kansas City. It is the hometown of President Harry S. Truman (who was born at Lamar, 100 miles [160 km] south). Settled in 1827, the county was named for ...
- independence
- (from the article "Pacific Islands") For strategic and economic reasons, despite UN support for self-determination after 1945, the Pacific has not been completely decolonized. France granted French citizenship in its Pacific territories in 1946; however, it jailed nationalist leaders in Tahiti and New Caledonia during ...
- independence
- (from the article "formal logic") ...It is strongly complete if the addition to it (as an extra axiom) of any wff whatever that is not already a theorem would make the system inconsistent. Finally, an axiom or transformation rule is independent (in a given axiomatic ...
- Independence Club
- (from the article "Korea, history of") ...sovereignty arose under the leadership of such figures as So Chae-p'il (Philip Jaisohn). Returning from many years of exile, So organized in 1896 a political organization called the Independence Club (Tongnip Hyophoe). He also published a daily newspaper named Tongnip ...
- Independence Day
- national holiday in India celebrated annually on August 15. Independence Day marks the end of British rule in 1947 and the establishment of a free and independent Indian nation. It also marks the anniversary of the partition of the subcontinent ...
- Independence Day
- in the United States, the annual celebration of nationhood. It commemorates the passage of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. [2 Related Articles]
- Independence Hall
- (from the article "Liberty Bell") large bell, a traditional symbol of U.S. freedom, commissioned in 1751 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly to hang in the new State House (renamed Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. It was cast in London by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, purchased for ...
- Independence National Historical Park
- area of downtown Philadelphia, partially owned by the city but operated by the U.S. National Park Service. It covers 45 acres (18 hectares) and contains a number of historic structures associated with the American Revolution and the founding of the ... [1 Related Articles]
- Independence Party
- (from the article "Iceland") Elections to Iceland's Althingi (parliament) were held in May 2007. The incumbent government coalition, made up of the Independence Party and the Progressive Party, barely survived with a majority of one vote in the 63-member body. Because this majority was ...
- Independence, Place de l'
- (from the article "Nouakchott") ...that period (together with a sharp decline in the number of Mauritania's nomads) was attributed to migration and urbanization in response to the droughts. The city focuses on a square, the Place de l'Independence, and includes an airport and industrial ...
- independence, wars of
- (from the article "Latin America, history of") The final victory of Latin American patriots over Spain and the fading loyalist factions began in 1808 with the political crisis in Spain. With the Spanish king and his son Ferdinand taken hostage by Napoleon, Creoles and peninsulars began to ...
- Independence, Wars of
- (from the article "Scotland") The Wars of Independence
- independent assortment, principle of
- (from the article "Life Sciences") ...such as eggs and sperm), the alleles in each pair of genes segregate randomly, so that one-half of the gametes carry one allele and the other half carry the other allele. The second rule, called the law of independent assortment, ...
- Independent Broadcasting Authority
- (from the article "consumer advocacy") ...The country with the most stringent advertising standards is usually thought to be Great Britain, where, for example, all advertising on independent radio and television is controlled by the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the commercial counterpart to the British Broadcasting ...
- Independent Bulgarian Trade Unions, Confederation of
- (from the article "Bulgaria") ...to the Central Council of Trade Unions (Tsentralen Suvet na Profesionalnite Suyuzi), founded in 1944 and allied with the Bulgarian Communist Party. It was reconstituted in 1989 as the Confederation of Independent Bulgarian Trade Unions (S'uz na Nezavisemite B'lgarski Profs'uze).
- independent carrier
- (from the article "marketing") ...irregulars, and leftover goods and have made their biggest forays in the clothing, footwear, and accessories industries. The three primary examples of off-price retailers are factory outlets, independent carriers, and warehouse clubs. Stocking manufacturers' surplus, discontinued, or irregular products, factory ...
- Independent Commission of Historians Liechtenstein-Second World War
- (from the article "Liechtenstein") Meanwhile, the Independent Commission of Historians Liechtenstein-Second World War found the principality not guilty of war crimes during the Nazi era. Accusations by the World Jewish Congress in 2000 had led to the four-year investigation. On April 13 the commission ...
- Independent Company of Kentish Guards
- (from the article "East Greenwich") ...During the American Revolution, the home of William Greene, governor of Rhode Island, served as the capitol; built in 1680 by Samuel Gorton, Jr., it was enlarged by Greene and is preserved. The Independent Company of Kentish Guards, a volunteer ...
- Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
- (from the article "Nigeria") ...identified legislators known to have received huge bribes, and ordered the arrest of a former inspector of police on charges of financial misconduct. In a nationwide broadcast he announced that the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission would undertake further investigations and ...
- Independent Democratic Union
- (from the article "Chile") ...from the Pinochet affair were also felt within the right-wing Alliance. Competition for the presidential nomination erupted between its two parties, pitting Joaquin Lavin of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI), the presumed candidate until then, against the more moderate Sebastian ...
- Independent Democrats
- (from the article "South Africa") ...from the ANC, having won the most votes (41.85% to the ANC's 37.91%), and cobbled together a coalition with minor parties, much to the chagrin of the ANC and of Patricia de Lille's Independent Democrats, who believed that with 10.75% ...
- independent event
- (from the article "statistics") ...increases the probability of a person buying the product, the events "seeing the advertisement" and "buying the product" are said to be dependent. If two events are independent, the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the ...
- independent film
- (from the article "motion picture, history of the") ...strategies of defense, they continued to decline throughout the 1950s and '60s. Because they could no longer dominate the exhibition sector, they faced serious competition for the first time from independent and foreign filmmakers. "Runaway" productions (films made away from ...
- Independent Fundamental Churches of America
- fellowship of conservative, independent Christian churches stressing biblical truth. It was organized in Cicero, Illinois, U.S., in June 1930 as the successor to the American Conference of Undenominational Churches.
- Independent Institute of Socio-Economic and Political Research
- (from the article "Belarus") ...May the government faced strikes from entrepreneurs who were protesting against a value-added tax of 18% on all imports from Russia. On April 16 the Supreme Court ordered the closure of the Independent Institute of Socio-Economic and Political Research (NISEPI) ...
- Independent Labour Party
- (from the article "Maxton, James") ...of the leaders of left-wing Socialism from shortly after World War I through World War II. He was a teacher from 1906 to 1916, although he spent much of his time attempting to gain support for the Independent Labour Party ...
- Independent Order of St. Luke
- (from the article "Walker, Maggie Lena Draper") ...of St. Luke, an African American fraternal and cooperative insurance society. Working her way up through various local and general offices, Walker became executive secretary-treasurer of the renamed Independent Order of St. Luke in 1899. At the time she took ...
- Independent Party
- (from the article "Kristensen, Knud") ...by the German Schleswigers. His private stand in favour of an imposed border revision left no party to the territorial dispute satisfied, and his government fell in 1947. In 1953 he formed the small Independent Party, which advocated a return ...
- Independent Police Complaints Commission
- (from the article "Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement") In Britain a top-level review was initiated by the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) of a controversial shoot-to-kill policy after its first use resulted in the death of an innocent man. On July 22 a Brazilian man residing and working ...
- Independent Republicans
- (from the article "France") ...Jacques Chaban-Delmas, but a sizable minority of the UDR broke ranks and instead declared support for a non-Gaullist, Valery Giscard d'Estaing, who was the leader of a business party, the Independent Republicans (Republicains Independants). Giscard won over Chaban-Delmas in the ...
- Independent Smallholders' Party
- (from the article "Hungary") ...Entente pressure, Parliament had voted a law dethroning the Habsburgs, but even Hungary's own antilegitimists never took it as morally binding), excluded it in practice. In return for this, the Smallholders' Party agreed with the antilegitimists among the Christian nationalists ...
- Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
- (from the article "Social Democratic Party of Germany") ...War I, the SPD played a central role in the formation of the Weimar Republic and in its brief and tragic history. In the general election of 1919 the SPD received 37.9 percent of the vote (while the Independent Social ...
- Independent Television
- in the United Kingdom, television network consisting of a consortium of private companies in competition with the British Broadcasting Corporation. It is regulated by the Office of Communications. The ITV network was authorized by act of Parliament in 1954, when ... [1 Related Articles]
- Independent Television Commission
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...Act of 1990 substantially reorganized independent broadcasting. It reassigned the regulatory duties of the Independent Broadcasting Authority and Cable Authority to two newly formed bodies, the Independent Television Commission (ITC) and the Radio Authority. The ITC is in charge of ...
- Independent Television News
- (from the article "broadcasting") ...advertising; these tasks were performed by commercial program companies. These latter, organized on a regional basis, supplied all the material broadcast except for news, for which a separate group, Independent Television News, was created; it was jointly owned and financed ...
- Independent Theatre Club
- (from the article "English literature") ...playwright Henrik Ibsen was helping to produce a new genre of serious "problem plays," such as Pinero's The Second Mrs. Tanqueray (1893). J.T. Grein founded the Independent Theatre in 1891 to foster such work and staged there ...
- independent variable
- (from the article "mathematics") ...Lie. Lie, and independently Wilhelm Killing in Germany, came to suspect that the systems of partial differential operators they were studying came in a limited variety of types. Once the number of independent variables was specified (which fixed the dimension ...
- independent-particle model
- (from the article "nuclear model") Nuclear models can be classified into two main groups. In those of the first group, called independent-particle models, the main assumption is that little or no interaction occurs between the individual particles that constitute nuclei; each proton and neutron moves ...
- independent-suspension system
- (from the article "automobile") Articulated rear axles offer individual wheel suspension at the rear as well as the front. Individual rear suspension not only eliminates the heavy rear axle housing but also permits lowered bodies with no floor humps, because the transmission and differential ...
- indeterminacy
- in literature, the multiplicity of possible interpretations of given textual elements. The term was given its literary meaning by deconstruction theorists. Indeterminacy is similar to ambiguity as described by the New Critics, but it is applied by its practitioners not ...
- indeterminate dyad
- (from the article "Speusippus") ...Plato inaccurately, Speusippus adopted the Platonic doctrine asserting the timeless derivation of all reality from two opposite principles, often called "the One" and "the indeterminate dyad," terms meant to explain the presence of both unity and multiplicity in the universe. ...
- indeterminate growth
- (from the article "mammal") Continuous growth of hair (indeterminate), as seen on the heads of humans, is rare among mammals. Hairs with determinate growth are subject to wear and must be replaced periodically-a process termed molt. The first coat of a young mammal is ...
- indeterminate inflorescence
- (from the article "inflorescence") In indeterminate inflorescences, the youngest flowers are at the top of an elongated axis or on the centre of a truncated axis. An indeterminate inflorescence may be a raceme, panicle, spike, catkin, corymb, umbel, spadix, or head.
- indeterminate sentence
- in law, term of imprisonment with no definite duration within a prescribed maximum. Eligibility for parole is determined by the parole authority. In this respect, an indeterminate sentence differs from a definite one in that statutes prescribing the latter usually ... [2 Related Articles]
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