(from the article "conjunctivitis") ...and cornea can become scarred, leading to blindness. Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world and is especially prevalent in the Middle East, Asia, and parts of Africa. Inclusion conjunctivitis, so called because of the small ...
(from the article "logic, history of") ...of the propositions they combined). For example, they defined a disjunction as true if and only if exactly one disjunct is true (the modern "exclusive" disjunction). They also knew "inclusive" disjunction (defined as true when at least one disjunct is ...
(from the article "optics") ...The effects of partially coherent fields are clearly of importance in the description of normally coherent phenomena, such as diffraction and interference, but also in the analysis of normally incoherent phenomena, such as image formation. It is notable that image ...
(from the article "plasma") ...waves also provide ways to determine these same variables. This technique has also been employed to remotely measure the properties of the plasmas in the near-space regions of the Earth using the incoherent scatter radar method. The largest single antenna ...
(from the article "termite") A few termites, known as inquilinous species, live only in obligatory association with other termite species. Examples of such obligate relationships are Ahamitermes and Incolitermes species, which live only in the mound nests of certain Coptotermes species. In these, the ...
(from the article "Table 4: Any Company, Inc.: Comparative income statement for the month of October 20__") ...It may be given a monetary value if prices can be determined for each of the possessions; this process can be difficult when the possessions are such that they are not likely to be offered for sale. Income is a ...
a body of economic analysis concerned with the relative levels of output, employment, and prices in an economy. By defining the interrelation of these macroeconomic factors, governments try to create policies that contribute to economic stability. [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "security") Another of the hybrid types is the income bond, which has a fixed maturity but on which interest is paid only if it is earned. These bonds developed in the United States out of railroad reorganizations, when investors holding defaulted ...
(from the article "Japan") Two elements underscored rapid growth in the 1960s. The first was the development of a consumer economy, which was given a significant boost by Ikeda Hayato's Income Doubling Plan of 1960. This plan reaffirmed the government's responsibility for social welfare, ...
(from the article "income tax") ...reduces the incentive to work. To the extent that the tax reduces total income after taxes, it may lead some persons to work longer in an effort to maintain an established standard of living (the income effect). To the extent ...
(from the article "government economic policy") Although governments do affect the distribution of resources in numerous ways, this is often a by-product of the other things they are trying to do. It has been long debated whether or not governments should seek explicitly to redistribute income ...
(from the article "Table 4: Any Company, Inc.: Comparative income statement for the month of October 20__") The company uses its assets to produce goods and services. Its success depends on whether it is wise or lucky in the assets it chooses to hold and in the ways it uses these assets to produce goods and services.use ...
(from the article "United Kingdom") ...noncontributory benefits, paid out of general tax revenues, offer poverty relief to individuals and families whose income and savings fall below some prescribed level. The benefit of last resort is income support (formerly called the supplementary benefit); it is payable ...
levy imposed on individuals (or family units) and corporations. Individual income tax is computed on the basis of income received. It is usually classified as a direct tax because the burden is presumably on the individuals who pay it. Corporate ... [4 Related Articles]
(from the article "corporate income tax") a tax imposed by public authorities on the incomes of corporations. See income tax.types of income taxincome taxCorporate income taxlevy that is imposed on net profits, computed as the excess ...
(from the article "personal income tax") a tax imposed by public authorities on the incomes of individuals or family units. See income tax.development inFranceFranceThe prewar years...the Radicals most often held the
(from the article "utility and value") ...indifference curve, showing the consumer's optimal bundle of purchases with the corresponding income. The locus of these points (T1, T2, T3 . . .) may be called the income-consumption curve; it shows how the consumer's purchases vary with his income. ...
collective governmental effort to control the incomes of labour and capital, usually by limiting increases in wages and prices. The term often refers to policies directed at the control of inflation, but it may also indicate efforts to alter the ... [8 Related Articles]
(from the article "Incommensurables") The geometers immediately following Pythagoras (c. 580-c. 500 BC) shared the unsound intuition that any two lengths are "commensurable" (that is, measurable) by integer multiples of some common unit. To put it another way, they believed that the whole (or ...
(from the article "Moon") ...in the section Origin and evolution, below.)Some lavas were relatively rich in elements whose atoms do not readily fit into the crystal lattice sites of the common lunar minerals and are thus called incompatible elements. They tend to remain uncombined ...
(from the article "blood group") An antibody that does not clump red cells when they are suspended in saline solution is called incomplete. Such antibodies block the antigenic sites of the red cells so that subsequent addition of complete antibody of the same antigenic specificity ...
(from the article "flower") A flower having sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils is complete; lacking one or more of such structures, it is said to be incomplete. Stamens and pistils are not present together in all flowers. When both are present the flower is ...
(from the article "fracture") ...and the bone is not exposed to the air; it is called compound (open) when the bone is exposed. When a bone weakened by disease breaks from a minor stress, it is termed a pathological fracture. An incomplete, or greenstick, ...
(from the article "chemical bonding") Less common than hypervalent compounds, but by no means rare, are species in which an atom does not achieve an octet of electrons. Such compounds are called incomplete-octet compounds. An example is the compound boron trifluoride, BF3, which is used ...
(from the article "Silva Xavier, Joaquim Jose da") ...in the captaincy of Minas Gerais, he advocated complete independence from Portugal. An attempt by Portuguese officials to collect back taxes touched off the call for the rebellion, called the Inconfidencia Mineira, led by Tiradentes.
(from the article "Ouro Preto") ...old colonial governor's palace houses a mining school (founded 1876) and a museum that contains an outstanding collection of minerals native to Brazil. The massive colonial penitentiary contains the Museum of the Inconfidencia, dedicated to the history of gold mining ...
liquefaction of a solid accompanied by decomposition or by reaction with the melt to produce another solid and a liquid that differs in composition from the original solid. For example, enstatite, a magnesium silicate (MgSiO3), melts incongruently at low pressures ...
(from the article "whitefish") The inconnu, cony, or sheefish (Stenodus leucichthys), an oily-fleshed salmonid, is eaten in the far northwestern regions of North America.
(from the article "predicate calculus") ...and not F"; and (3) those true on some specifications and false on others, as with "Something is F and is G." These are, respectively, the tautologous, inconsistent, and contingent sentences of the predicate calculus. Certain tautologous sentence types may ...
(from the article "insurance") Life insurance policies contain various clauses that protect the rights of beneficiaries and the insured. Perhaps the best-known is the incontestable clause, which provides that if a policy has been in force for two years the insurer may not afterward ...
(from the article "acculturation") Incorporation refers to the free borrowing and modification of cultural elements and occurs when people of different cultures maintain contact as well as political and social self-determination. It may involve syncretism, a process through which people create a new synthesis ...
(from the article "mind, philosophy of") Instead of holding that such beliefs are indubitable, it is often more modestly maintained merely that such beliefs are "incorrigible," meaning that nothing will count as overthrowing (or correcting) such beliefs. A person who believes that he is experiencing a ...
(from the article "dendrochronology") ...scientific discipline concerned with dating and interpreting past events, particularly paleoclimates and climatic trends, based on the analysis of tree rings. Samples are obtained by means of an increment borer, a simple metal tube of small diameter that can be ...
(from the article "government budget") In most countries the usual procedure for deciding on government expenditure in a forthcoming year has been to assume that existing expenditure was appropriate and then to decide on incremental expenditure for each program. Such an approach means, however, that ...
a device used in poetry of the oral tradition, especially English and Scottish ballads, in which a line is repeated in a changed context or with minor changes in the repeated part. The device is illustrated in the following stanzas ... [1 Related Articles]
(from the article "painting, Western") At Pompeii during the 2nd century BC the interior walls of private houses were decorated in a so-called Incrustation, or First, style; that is, the imitation in painted stucco of veneers, or crustae ("slabs"), of coloured marbles. But in the ...
the maintenance of uniform conditions of temperature and humidity to ensure the development of eggs or, under laboratory conditions, of certain experimental organisms, especially bacteria. The phrase incubation period designates the time from the commencement of incubation to hatching. It ... [15 Related Articles]
(from the article "plant disease") ...of wounds, or natural openings-e.g., stomates [microscopic pores in leaf surfaces], hydathodes [stomatelike openings that secrete water], or lenticels [small openings in tree bark])Incubation: the period of time between the arrival of the pathogen in the infection court and the ...
(from the article "oracle") ...casting of lots or the rustling of tree leaves, or more sophisticated, taking the form of a direct inquiry of an inspired person who then gave the answer orally. One of the most common methods was incubation, in which the ...
an insulated enclosure in which temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, hatching, or reproduction. There are three principal kinds of incubators: poultry incubators, infant incubators, and bacteriological incubators.
demon in male form that seeks to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women; the corresponding spirit in female form is called a succubus. In medieval Europe, union with an incubus was supposed by some to result in the birth of ... [3 Related Articles]
(from the article "Christianity") As the gospel has spread into new regions of the world, there has proven to be need and opportunity for fresh conceptions and formulations of the faith. The process of inculturation begins when missionaries first arrive in a region in ...
books printed during the earliest period of typography, i.e., from the invention of the art of typographic printing in the 1450s to the end of the 15th century (i.e., January 1501). Such works were completed at a time when books-some ... [2 Related Articles]
(from the article "lepidopteran") Approximately 80 species predominantly in North America; not found in Australia or the rest of Oceania.More than 500 species; all females with an extensible, piercing ovipositor for inserting eggs into plant tissue.
(from the article "sound reception") ...and two tympanic muscles. The tympanic membrane bulges inward, unlike the usually outward-bulging membrane of reptiles and birds. The elements in the ossicular chain are the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup), so named because of the resemblance of ...
(from the article "Lobamba") ...official residence of the king, the offices of the Swazi National Council, the National Archives and Museum, and the National Stadium. The two most important cultural events of Swaziland, the sacred Incwala (National Ceremony) and the Umhlanga (Reed Dance), are ...
(from the article "Myanmar") Myanmar has two major lakes. Indawgyi Lake, in the northern hills, runs some 15 miles (24 km) from north to south and 8 miles (13 km) from east to west; it is one of the largest natural inland lakes of ...
(from the article "inheritance") In the United States the surviving spouse is protected against complete disinheritance in every state through one or more of the following devices: dower, indefeasible share, community property, homestead, or family allowances. The most widespread is the indefeasible share, which ...
(from the article "calculus") ...The differential calculus shows that the most general such function is x3/3 + C, where C is an arbitrary constant. This is called the (indefinite) integral of the function y = x2, and it is written as ∫x2dx. The initial symbol ∫ is an ...
(from the article "logic, history of") ...alpha," or equivalently "No beta is an alpha."Particular affirmative: "Some beta is an alpha."Particular negative: "Some beta is not an alpha."Indefinite affirmative: "beta is an alpha."Indefinite negative: "beta is not an alpha."Singular affirmative: "x is an alpha," where...
(from the article "Fabales") ...within the family has variously modified many legume fruits, and they bear but scant resemblance to that of a bean or pea. Some retain the form of the basic type but do not split open when ripe (indehiscent), as with ...
