Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

0-9

impurity defect ... Inca Roca

impurity defect: (from the article "crystal defect") ...ion, which is displaced from its normal lattice point and shifts to a nearby interstice, or space, between atoms in the lattice. In the Schottky defect, two ions of opposite sign leave the lattice. Impurity defects are foreign atoms that ...
imram: in early Irish literature, a story about an adventurous voyage. This type of story includes tales of Irish saints traveling to Iceland or Greenland, as well as fabulous tales of pagan heroes journeying to the otherworld (echtrae). An outstanding example ...
Imredy, Bela: right-wing politician and premier of Hungary (1938-39), whose close collaboration with the Nazis during World War II led to his execution as a war criminal. [1 Related Articles]
Imru' al-Qays: Arab poet, acknowledged as the most distinguished poet of pre-Islamic times by the Prophet Muhammad, by 'Ali, the fourth caliph, and by Arab critics of the ancient Basra school. He is author of one of the seven odes in the ... [6 Related Articles]
Imru' al-Qays: (from the article "Arabia, history of") Al-Hirah was similarly a Bedouin tribal kingdom, the kings of which are commonly designated the Lakhmids. According to tradition, the founder of the dynasty was 'Amr, whose son Imru' al-Qays died in AD 328 and was entombed at Al-Nimarah in ...
imu: (from the article "Hawaiian") ...(capes, robes, helmets, leis, kahilis) has not been excelled. Houses were of wood frames and thatched, with stone floors covered with mats. Food was cooked in holes in the ground, called imus, by means of hot stones; but many foods, ...
imzhad: (from the article "stringed instrument") As with other lutes, fiddles may have only 1 string (the Tuareg imzhad) or as many as 40 (the sarangi); on the latter, sympathetic strings are not directly touched or sounded by the player ...
in: (from the article "arts, East Asian") ...The tunings used in the Edo koto traditions, however, reveal new, apparently indigenous, tonal systems. These concepts were eventually categorized under the two scales called yo and in, shown in notation XIII-A. The tunings in XIII-Band XIII-Creflect the new kinds ...
in bonis: (from the article "Roman law") ...specified length of time had elapsed. The praetors, however, devised procedural methods of protecting B's possession in such a way that A's title became valueless, and B was said to own the thing in bonis. This was a remarkable triumph ...
in gross: (from the article "servitude") Benefits and burdens that are not tied to ownership or possession of a particular piece of land are called "in gross." Benefits acquired by governmental bodies, conservation and preservation organizations, pipeline owners, railroads, and utility companies are often in gross. ...
in jure cessio: (from the article "Roman law") In jure cessio was a conveyance in the form of a lawsuit. The transferee claimed before the magistrate that the thing was his, and the transferor, who was the defendant, admitted the claim. The magistrate then adjudged the thing to ...
in medias res: in narrative technique, the recommended practice of beginning an epic or other fictional form by plunging into a crucial situation that is part of a related chain of events; the situation is an extension of previous events and will be ...
In Memoriam stanza: a quatrain in iambic tetrameter with a rhyme scheme of abba. The form was named for the pattern used by Alfred, Lord Tennyson in his poem In Memoriam, which, following an 11-stanza introduction, begins I held it truth, with him ...
In nomine: style of 16th- and 17th-century English instrumental ensemble music based on the plainsong melody of the antiphon (a verse originally sung before and after a psalm in the Roman Catholic liturgy) "Gloria tibi Trinitas" ("Glory to Thee, O Trinity") from ... [2 Related Articles]
in pectore: (from the article "cardinal") ...other business). These newly named cardinals then receive the red biretta and the ring symbolic of the office in a public consistory. Sometimes the pope appoints cardinals in pectore (Latin: "in the breast"), without declaring their names; ...
in situ combustion: (from the article "heavy oil and tar sand") The mechanics of heavy oil displacement in an in situ combustion operation is similar to that in the steam-flooding process except for one difference. Unlike in the latter, steam is produced by vaporizing water already in the rock formation or ...
in situ concrete: (from the article "building construction") There are two methods of fabricating reinforced concrete. The first is to pour the liquid material into forms at the building site; this is so-called in situ concrete. The other method is called precast concrete, in which building components are ...
in situ measurement: (from the article "atmosphere") Methods to monitor the atmosphere are of two types-in situ measurements and remote sensing observations. In situ measurements require that the instrumentation be located directly at the point of interest and in contact with the subject of interest. In contrast, ...
in situ synthesis: (from the article "materials science") ...cylinders from the plant where they were made to the site where they will be used. One possible method of replacing these precursors with materials that are environmentally safe is known as in situ synthesis. In this method, dangerous reagents ...
in vitro fertilization: medical procedure in which mature egg cells are removed from a woman, fertilized with male sperm outside the body, and inserted into the uterus of the same or another woman for normal gestation. Although IVF with reimplantation of fertilized eggs ... [4 Related Articles]
in vitro mutagenesis: (from the article "recombinant DNA technology") Another use of cloned DNA is in vitro mutagenesis in which a mutation is produced in a segment of cloned DNA. The DNA is then inserted into a cell or organism, and the effects of the mutation are studied. Mutations ...
in-band signaling: (from the article "telephone and telephone system") In the earliest days of the telephone network, signaling was provided by means of direct current (DC) between the telephone instrument and the operator. As long-distance circuits and automatic switching systems were placed into service, the use of DC became ...
in-depth filtration: (from the article "environmental works") ...of anthracite coal above a layer of fine sand. The upper layer of coal traps most of the large floc, and the finer sand grains in the lower layer trap smaller impurities. This process is called in-depth filtration, as the ...
in-line engine: (from the article "gasoline engine") There are two arrangements of cylinders in common automotive use-the vertical, or in-line, type (see part C of the figure) and the V type (see part D of the figure). The in-line engine has a single row of cylinders extending ...
in-line hockey: (from the article "Alternative Sports") One of the U.S.'s fastest-growing sports, in-line hockey, experienced a roller-coaster year. Popularity continued to soar as new rinks sprang up nationwide, with many in warm-weather areas such as Arizona and Nevada, where ice hockey (the sport's progenitor) was anything ...
in-line skating: (from the article "Alternative Sports") ...States. Figures from the National Sporting Goods Association showed a decline in participation by Americans in traditional sports, including football and baseball, in favour of such new sports as in-line skating and snowboarding. Even "extreme" sports, the playground of adrenaline ...
In-Nae-Ch'on: (from the article "Ch'ondogyo") ...and every creation will be done. Never forgetting this truth, everything will be known." This formula contains the basic principle of Ch'ondogyo: "Man and God are one" (In-Nae-Ch'on); this oneness is realized by individuals through sincere faith in the unity ...
in-place crystallization: (from the article "mineral deposit") ...Geological Survey, who studied chromite cumulates of the Stillwater Complex in Montana. The findings of Jackson and later workers suggested that cumulates can also be produced by such phenomena as in-place crystallization of monomineralic layers on the floor of a ...
in-plane switching: (from the article "liquid crystal display") In recent years a number of alternatives to the 90° TN have been commercialized for use on active-matrix substrates. For example, in-plane switching (IPS) displays operate by applying a switching voltage to electrodes on a single substrate to untwist the ...
Inaccessible: (from the article "Tristan da Cunha") ...territory of St. Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean about midway between southern Africa and South America. The territory consists of six small islands, of which five-Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible, Nightingale, Middle, and Stoltenhoff-form an island group and the sixth, ...
inactivated vaccine: (from the article "vaccine") ...ability to stimulate immunity. They may produce a mild or subclinical form of the disease. Attenuated vaccines include those for measles, mumps, polio (the Sabin vaccine), rubella, and tuberculosis. Inactivated vaccines are those that contain organisms that have been killed ...
inactivation: (from the article "nervous system") A series of nerve impulses arriving in rapid succession at the axon terminal is accurately reproduced as a series in the postsynaptic cell because the quanta of neurotransmitter released by each impulse are inactivated as soon as they stimulate the ...
inactive ice wedge: (from the article "permafrost") Ice wedges may be classified as active, inactive, and ice-wedge casts. Active ice wedges are those that are actively growing. The wedge may not crack every year, but during many or most years cracking does occur, and an increment of ...
inadunate: (from the article "Triassic Period") ...the Permian. The crinoids had begun to decline long before the end of the Permian, by which time they were almost entirely decimated, with both the flexible and camerate varieties dying out. The inadunates survived the crisis; they did not ...
Inagaki Hiroshi: (from the article "1955: Best Foreign-Language Film") The first part of an epic film trilogy by director Inagaki, Samurai, the Legend of Musashi follows the early life of Miyamoto Musashi (Mifune Toshiro) as he valiantly rises from reckless peasant to proud warrior. The remaining two films, Duel ...
Inamgon: (from the article "India") ...Even much farther south, in Maharashtra, the opening of the 1st millennium seems to have coincided with a period of desiccation, in which the flourishing agricultural settlements at sites such as Inamgaon declined; temporary encampments of pastoral nomads indicate a ...
Inari: in Japanese mythology, god primarily known as the protector of rice cultivation. The god also furthers prosperity and is worshiped particularly by merchants and tradesmen, is the patron deity of swordsmiths and is associated with brothels and entertainers.
Inari, Lake: largest lake in northern Finland, lying near the Russian border. At an elevation of 389 ft (119 m), it is approximately 50 mi (80 km) long and 25 mi (40 km) wide at its farthest points, has an area of ...
Inaros: (from the article "Achaemenes") ...the Egyptian contingent of the Achaemenid fleet defeated by the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis (480). Little more is known of Achaemenes' career until he was defeated and slain in battle by Inaros, the leader of the second rebellion ...
Inarritu, Alejandro Gonzalez: Acclaimed Mexican filmmaker Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu finally received mainstream recognition in 2007 with Academy Award nominations as producer and director of Babel (2006), the third segment in a loose trilogy that began with Amores perros (2000). While he did not ... [1 Related Articles]
Inarticulata: (from the article "lamp shells") The Inarticulata, the most abundant brachiopods of the Cambrian, soon gave way to the Articulata and declined greatly in number and variety toward the end of the Cambrian. They were represented in the Ordovician (488,000,000 to 444,000,000 years ago) but ...
inauthentic existence: (from the article "Heidegger, Martin") ...(Entfremdung)-or, as expressed in terms more central to Heidegger's thought, in a "highly inauthentic way of being." Although fallenness, or inauthenticity, is an inescapable feature of human existence-i.e., it is an existential, and an essential, potentiality (
Inazawa: city, Aichi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, in the Owari plain. It was a small rural town during the Tokugawa period (1603-1867), producing vegetables for the market of nearby Nagoya. Increased urbanization in the area since World War II, however, sparked ...
InBev: international brewing company founded in 2004 through the merger of the Brazilian Companhia de Bebidas das Americas (AmBev) and the Belgian Interbrew SA. Its headquarters are in Leuven, Belg. [2 Related Articles]
inboard motorboat: (from the article "motorboat") The two most common types of motorboats are classified by the manner in which the engine is installed. An inboard motorboat has the engine permanently mounted within the hull, with the drive shaft passing through the hull. An outboard motorboat ...
inborn error of metabolism: (from the article "genetic disease, human") Many autosomal recessive traits reflect mutations in key metabolic enzymes and result in a wide variety of disorders classified as inborn errors of metabolism. One of the best-known examples of this class of disorders is phenylketonuria (PKU), which results from ...
inbreeding: the mating of individuals or organisms that are closely related through common ancestry, as opposed to outbreeding, which is the mating of unrelated organisms. Inbreeding is useful in the retention of desirable characteristics or the elimination of undesirable ones, but ... [9 Related Articles]
Inca: South American Indians who, at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1532, ruled an empire that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from the northern border of modern Ecuador to the Maule River in central Chile. The ... [42 Related Articles]
Inca calendar: (from the article "Months and celebrations of the Inca calendar") So little is known about the calendar used by the Inca that one can hardly make a statement about it for which a contrary opinion cannot be found. Some workers in the field even assert that there was no formal ...
Inca religion: (from the article "pre-Columbian civilizations") Inca religion-an admixture of complex ceremonies, practices, animistic beliefs, varied forms of belief in objects having magical powers, and nature worship-culminated in the worship of the sun, which was presided over by the priests of the last native pre-Columbian conquerors ...
Inca Roca: (from the article "Inca rulers and royal corporations") ...was named emperor because his older brother was considered ugly. Capac Yupanqui was the first Inca ruler to conquer lands outside the Cuzco Valley, although these were only about a dozen miles away. Inca Roca ('Inka Roq'a 'Inka) succeeded his ...