Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Imperial Garden ... implantation

Imperial Garden: (from the article "Forbidden City") ...the Inner Court, which contains the three halls that composed the imperial living quarters. Adjacent to these palaces, at the northernmost limit of the Forbidden City, is the 3-acre (1.2-hectare) Imperial Garden, the organic design of which seems to depart ...
Imperial Guard: (from the article "Yamagata Aritomo") ...In early 1871, when a force of about 10,000 men drawn from the feudal armies was organized, Yamagata was promoted to vice minister of military affairs. This Imperial Force was later renamed the Imperial Guard (Konoe), and Yamagata became its ...
Imperial Highway: (from the article "roads and highways") China had a road system that paralleled the Persian Royal Road and the Roman road network in time and purpose. Its major development began under Emperor Shihuangdi about 220 BC. Many of the roads were wide, surfaced with stone, and ...
Imperial Hotel: (from the article "Wright, Frank Lloyd") The Imperial Hotel (1915-22, dismantled 1967) in Tokyo was one of Wright's most significant works in its lavish comfort, splendid spaces, and unprecedented construction. Because of its revolutionary, floating cantilever construction, it was one of the only large buildings that ...
Imperial Household: (from the article "Shinto") In ancient times small states were gradually formed at various places. By the middle of the 4th century AD, a nation with an ancestor of the present Imperial Household as its head had probably been established. The constituent unit of ...
Imperial Household Department: (from the article "China") The Manchu also altered political institutions in the central government. They created an Imperial Household Department to forestall eunuchs from usurping power-a situation that had plagued the Ming ruling house-and they staffed this agency with bond servants. The Imperial Household ...
Imperial Land Survey: (from the article "map") ...of Europe, were derived. In China, under the Communist regime, survey and cartography groups have provided coverage of much of the country with a new 1:50,000-scale map series. Japan established an Imperial Land Survey in 1888, and by 1925 topographic ...
imperial mammoth: (from the article "mammoth") A variety of distinct species are included in the genus Mammuthus. Most mammoths were about as large as modern elephants. The North American imperial mammoth (M. imperator) attained a shoulder height of 4 metres ...
imperial millennialism: (from the article "millennialism") From their earliest manifestations, millennial beliefs have divided into two tendencies: (1) those based on a hierarchical imperial vision of a coming kingdom that will be overseen by a just, if authoritarian, ruler who will conquer the forces of chaos ...
imperial moth: (from the article "regal moth") ...behind its head. It eats principally walnut, hickory, and persimmon leaves. The adult has yellow-spotted, olive-gray forewings with red veins and reddish-orange hindwings with yellow markings. The imperial moth (Eacles imperialis) has yellow wings and body with purple to brown ...
Imperial Oil: (from the article "Arctic Regions") ...called for initial proposals to build the 5,600-km Alaska Gas Pipeline, which was expected to cost more than $20 billion. In Canada the Mackenzie Valley Gas Pipeline revised its budget forecast. Imperial Oil, the lead on the 1,220-km pipeline, reported ...
Imperial Palace: (from the article "Tokyo") Encircled by stone-walled moats and broad gardens, the Imperial Palace, the home of the emperor of Japan, lies at the heart of the city. East of and adjacent to the Imperial Palace is the colourful Marunouchi district, the financial hub ...
Imperial Peking: (from the article "Peking duck") one of the most celebrated dishes of Beijing, or Mandarin Chinese, cuisine, with a history of more than 400 years. In its classic form, the dish calls for a specific breed of duck, the Imperial Peking, that is force-fed and ...
imperial pheasant: (from the article "Delacour, Jean Theodore") ...in Normandy. In the 1920s he brought the first live specimens of Edwards' pheasants to England. In 1924 he brought a pair of unidentified dark blue pheasants from northern Vietnam, named them imperial pheasants, and later succeeded in breeding them ...
imperial preference: historically, a commercial arrangement in which preferential rates (i.e., rates below the general level of an established tariff) were granted to one another by constituent units of an empire. Imperial preference could also include other sorts of preference, such as ... [2 Related Articles]
Imperial Rescript on Education: (from the article "education") Together with these reforms, the Imperial Rescript on Education (Kyoiku Chokugo) of 1890 played a major role in providing a structure for national morality. By reemphasizing the traditional Confucian and Shinto values and redefining the courses in
Imperial Resript to Soldiers and Sailors: (from the article "Yamagata Aritomo") In 1882 Yamagata induced the emperor to promulgate the "Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors"-in essence a recapitulation of Yamagata's "Admonition to the Military"-which was to become the spiritual guidepost of the imperial army until Japan's surrender at the end ...
Imperial Rule Assistance Association: (from the article "Liberal-Democratic Party of Japan") ...(Democratic Party). With the rise of militarism in Japan, however, the political parties lost influence. In 1940 they disbanded, and many of their members joined the government-sponsored Imperial Rule Assistance Association (Taisei Yokusankai).preparation for World War II
Imperial Russian Army: (from the article "Russia") The changeover from the traditional militia-like military organization to a "European" professional army (as it developed in the course of the so-called military revolution of the 17th century) had been initiated during the reigns of Tsars Michael and Alexis. But ...
imperial school: (from the article "Andrews, Charles McLean") ...1910 to 1931. Well started on his important guides to colonial materials in English archives before he went to Yale, he became a leader in colonial historiography. His own history belongs to the "imperial school," which places the emphasis on ...
Imperial School of Ballet: (from the article "Balanchine, George") Georgy Balanchivadze, a Georgian, was one of a generation of dancers who spent the World War I years at the Imperial School of Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre. The theatre closed for some months in 1917, and, until the Imperial ...
Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor: (from the article "knight bachelor") James I of Great Britain created a registry in the 17th century for knights bachelor, but this eventually lapsed. The Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor, founded in 1908, has since attempted to obtain a uniform registration of every knight created. ...
Imperial Society of Reglemented Hunting: (from the article "shooting") ...Russian Athletic Society, with a shooting range on club property; the St. Petersburg Club of Sports Amateurs; the St. Petersburg Society of Salon Shooting; and the Riga Shooting Society. In 1897 the Imperial Society of Reglemented Hunting published rules for ...
Imperial Tobacco Company, Ltd.: (from the article "British American Tobacco PLC") The British-American Tobacco Company originated in 1902 as a joint venture of the U.S.-based American Tobacco Company and the U.K.-based Imperial Tobacco Company, Ltd. The new company was formed to market American Tobacco's products in Great Britain and Imperial Tobacco's ...
Imperial Tobacco Group, PLC: one of the world's largest international tobacco companies and the leading British manufacturer of tobacco products, including Player and Embassy cigarettes, Wilson's snuff, several brands of cigars, rolling papers, and tubes. Imperial has also produced and distributed a number of ...
Imperial Treasures of Japan: (from the article "Gempei War") ...Antoku. In the sea battle of Dannoura (1185) on the Inland Sea in western Japan, the Taira were finally defeated. The emperor Antoku was drowned in the battle, losing a famous sword, one of the Imperial Treasures of Japan supposedly ...
Imperial University Order: (from the article "education") Based on policies advocated by Mori, a series of new acts and orders were promulgated one after another. The first was the Imperial University Order of 1886, which rendered the university a servant of the state for the training of ...
Imperial Valley: intensively irrigated part of the Colorado Desert, mainly in Imperial county, southern California, U.S. The valley extends southward for 50 miles (80 km) from the southern end of the Salton Sea (a saline lake) into Mexico. Part of a trough ... [4 Related Articles]
Imperial Vault of Heaven: (from the article "Beijing") The Imperial Vault of Heaven, first erected in 1530 and rebuilt in 1752, is a smaller structure some 65 feet (20 metres) high and about 50 feet (15 metres) in diameter. The circular building has no crossbeam, and the dome ...
imperial volute: (from the article "volute") ...aperture in the first whorl of the shell and a number of deep folds on the inner lip. Volutes are most common in warm, shallow waters but occur also in polar seas. Prized by collectors is the imperial volute (Aulica ...
Imperial War Cabinet: (from the article "Borden, Sir Robert") ...the first two years of war Borden frequently referred to the necessity of Canadian participation in British decisions, but it was not until the British prime minister David Lloyd George created the Imperial War Cabinet (IWC) in 1917 that Borden ...
Imperial War Museum: in the United Kingdom, national museum serving as a memorial and record of the wartime efforts and sacrifices of the people of Great Britain and the Commonwealth. Upon its opening in 1920, its focus was on World War I, but ... [1 Related Articles]
Imperial Way faction: (from the article "Araki Sadao") Japanese general, statesman, and a leader of the Kodo-ha (Imperial Way) faction, an ultranationalistic group of the 1930s. He strongly advocated the importance of character building through rigid mental and physical discipline, whereas the dominant Toseiha (Control) faction emphasized the ...
Imperial Wenyuange library: (from the article "Beijing") ...Library, which holds the collections of the National Library of China, is located in the southern Haidian district, just west of the zoo. The library inherited books and archives from the renowned Imperial Wenyuange library collection of the Qing dynasty ...
imperial woodpecker: (from the article "ivory-billed woodpecker") ...A subspecies, the Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdii), was last officially sighted in the late 1980s and is believed to be extinct. A related species, the imperial woodpecker (C. imperialis) of Mexico, is the largest woodpecker in the world. ...
Imperial, Francisco: (from the article "Spanish literature") ...important Cancionero general (1511) of Hernando del Castillo; among the latter's 128 named poets is Florencia Pinar, one of the first women poets in Castilian to be identified by name. Francisco Imperial, a Genoese who settled in Sevilla and a ...
Imperiali formula: (from the article "election") ...The greatest-remainder formula is used in Israel and Luxembourg and for some seats in the Danish Folketing. Prior to 1994 Italy used a special variant of the greatest-remainder formula, called the Imperiali formula, whereby the electoral quota was established by ...
imperialism: state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial acquisition or by gaining political and economic control of other areas. Because it always involves the use of power, whether military force or some subtler form, ... [15 Related Articles]
Imperio Argentina: Argentine-born Spanish actress and singer (b. Dec. 26, 1906, Buenos Aires, Arg.-d. Aug. 22, 2003, Benalmadena, Spain), was one of the biggest stars of the early Spanish cinema, making the transition from silent movies to talkies and from black-and-white to ...
Imperioli, Michael: (from the article "Sopranos, The") Christopher (Michael Imperioli), Paulie (Tony Sirico), and Sil (Steve Van Zandt) form Tony's trusted inner circle, through whom Tony's business deals are played out. The themes of identity, guilt, and denial are highlighted by the selective acknowledgment of the harsh ...
imperium: (from the article "Middle Ages") ...idea arose of Europe as one large church-state, called Christendom. Christendom was thought to consist of two distinct groups of functionaries, the sacerdotium, or ecclesiastical hierarchy, and the imperium, or secular leaders. In theory these two groups complemented each other, ...
imperium: (Latin: "command," "empire"), the supreme executive power in the Roman state, involving both military and judicial authority. It was exercised first by the kings of Rome; under the republic (c. 509 BC-27 BC) it was held by the chief magistrates ... [4 Related Articles]
imperium proconsulare majus: (from the article "ancient Rome") ...this high class of his supporters, senatorial and equestrian, by not drawing attention to the most novel and autocratic of the many grants of power he had received, the imperium proconsulare majus. Instead, he paraded the tribunician ...
impersonation: (from the article "humour") This leads to the comic devices of imitation, impersonation, and disguise. The impersonator is perceived as himself and somebody else at the same time. If the result is slightly degrading-but only in that case-the spectator will laugh. The comedian impersonating ...
impersonation: (from the article "information system") Impersonation, as the name implies, involves gaining access to a system by impersonating a legitimate user-a feat that usually requires knowing or guessing a legitimate user's password. In a Trojan horse attack, the malefactor conceals unauthorized instructions within an authorized ...
impetigo: inflammatory skin infection that begins as a superficial blister or pustule that then ruptures and gives rise to a weeping spot on which the fluid dries to form a distinct honey-coloured crust. Impetigo is caused by Staphylococcus ... [2 Related Articles]
Imphal: capital of Manipur state and administrative headquarters of Manipur Central district, northeastern India, lying in the Manipur River Valley, at an altitude of 2,500 ft (760 m). Imphal was the seat of the kings of Manipur before the region fell ... [2 Related Articles]
Imphal-Kohima, Battle of: (from the article "World War II") ...front, when the fighting in Arakan was dying down, played into Slim's hands, since he could now profit from the Allies' superiority in aircraft and in tanks. The Japanese were able to approach Imphal and to surround Kohima, but the ...
impi: (from the article "Shaka") He developed standard tactics, which the Zulu used in every battle. The available regiments (known collectively as the impi) were divided into four groups. The strongest, termed the "chest," closed with the enemy to pin him down, while two "horns" ...
impingement wear: (from the article "tribological ceramics") There are two basic mechanisms of tribological wear-impingement wear and rubbing wear. In impingement wear, particles impact and erode the surface. This is the major wear mechanism encountered in mineral handling, for example. Rubbing wear, on the other hand, occurs ...
implantation: (from the article "integrated circuit") Another method of modifying a wafer is to bombard its surface with extra atoms. This is called implantation. Enough of the atoms become deeply embedded in the surface to alter its characteristics, creating areas of n- and p-type materials. Overzealous ...