| | - igneous petrology
- (from the article "geology") Igneous petrology is concerned with the identification, classification, origin, evolution, and processes of formation and crystallization of the igneous rocks. Most of the rocks available for study come from the Earth's crust, but a few, such as eclogites, derive from ...
- igneous rock
- any of various crystalline or glassy rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of molten earth material. Igneous rocks comprise one of the three principal classes of rocks, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary. [33 Related Articles]
- ignimbrite
- (from the article "ignimbrite") rock composed of compacted volcanic ejecta (see tuff).ignimbriteIgnimbrite.Siim Seppignitable waste
- (from the article "environmental works") Reactive wastes are chemically unstable and react violently with air or water. They cause explosions or form toxic vapours. Ignitable wastes burn at relatively low temperatures and may cause an immediate fire hazard. Corrosive wastes include strong acidic or alkaline ...
- ignition
- (from the article "explosive") Black powder is relatively insensitive to shock and friction and must be ignited by flame or heat. In the early days such devices as torches, glowing tinder, and heated iron rods were used to ignite the powder and, in most ...
- ignition condition
- (from the article "nuclear fusion") ...between the fusion energy heating the plasma and the energy-loss rate, which is the sum of 3nkT/tau and the bremsstrahlung. The condition satisfying this balance is called the ignition condition. An equation relates the product of density and energy confinement ...
- ignition module
- (from the article "ignition system") ...spark plugs (known as coil-on-plug). The major components of these systems are a coil pack, an ignition module, a crankshaft reluctor ring, a magnetic sensor, and an electronic control module. The ignition module controls the primary circuit to the coils, ...
- ignition system
- in a gasoline engine, means employed for producing an electric spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture; the burning of this mixture in the cylinders produces the motive force. [4 Related Articles]
- ignition temperature
- (from the article "oxidation-reduction reaction") ...steps that depend on the properties of the combustible substance. It is initiated by external factors such as heat, light, and sparks. The reaction sets in as the mixture of combustibles attains the ignition temperature, and several aspects of this ...
- ignitron
- electron tube functioning as a rectifier to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Each conduction cycle is started by an external voltage applied to the igniter, a small electrode touching the tube's cathode, which is a pool of ... [1 Related Articles]
- ignorance
- (from the article "criminal law") In most countries the law recognizes that a person who acts in ignorance of the facts of his action should not be held criminally responsible. Thus, one who takes and carries away the goods of another person, believing them to ...
- Igo mask
- (from the article "African dance") ...restricted to rhythmic strides and gestures; in contrast, the simple cloth costumes of ancestral Egungun Elewe of the Igbomina-Yoruba allow for a dance of acrobatic skill, and the light raffia Igo masks of the neighbouring Edo people enable them to ...
- Igogo
- (from the article "African dance") In some areas dances are designed to be performed during funeral rites, after burial ceremonies, and at anniversaries. Dances may be created for a specific purpose, as in the Igogo dance of the Owo-Yoruba, when young men use stamping movements ...
- Igor
- grand prince of Kiev and presumably the son of Rurik, prince of Novgorod, who is considered the founder of the dynasty that ruled Kievan Rus and, later, Muscovy until 1598. Igor, successor to the great warrior and diplomat Oleg (reigned ... [1 Related Articles]
- Igor Svyatoslavich
- prince of the Russian lands of Novgorod-Seversky (modern Novhorod-Siverskyy, Ukraine) after 1178 and of Chernigovsky (1198-1202; modern Chernihiv, Ukraine), who led an unsuccessful campaign against the Cumans (Polovtsy) in 1185. [1 Related Articles]
- Igor's Campaign, The Song of
- masterpiece of Old Russian literature, an account of the unsuccessful campaign in 1185 of Prince Igor of Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsy (Kipchak, or Cumans). As in the great French epic The Song of Roland, Igor's heroic pride draws him into ... [3 Related Articles]
- Igorot
- any of various ethnic groups in the mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines, all of whom keep, or have kept until recently, their traditional religion and way of life. Some live in the tropical forests of the foothills, but most live ...
- Igreja, Mount
- (from the article "Santa Catarina") Behind the seacoast a great escarpment rises like a mountain wall; Santa Catarina has little level ground. Its highest point is Mount Igreja, at 5,932 feet (1,808 m) in elevation, located in the southeastern part of the state. There are ...
- Igu
- (from the article "Dibang Valley") ...in the Dibang Valley region is largely undeveloped. Most distances are traveled over simple tracks, though there are a few all-weather roads. Anini is the chief settlement in the region. The Igu, a somber dance performed by the Idu Mishmi ...
- Iguacu Falls
- series of cataracts on the Iguacu River, 14 miles (23 km) above its confluence with the Alto (Upper) Parana River, at the Argentina-Brazil border. The falls resemble an elongated horseshoe that extends for 1.7 miles (2.7 km)-nearly three times wider ... [3 Related Articles]
- Iguacu National Park
- (from the article "Principal national parks of the world") ...the establishment of a national park at Iguacu Falls. Following boundary rectifications between Brazil and Argentina, two separate national parks were established, one by each country-Iguacu National Park (1939) in Brazil and Iguazu National Park (1934) in Argentina. Both parks ...
- Iguacu River
- river flowing through Santa Catarina and Parana states in southern Brazil. The Iguacu is formed by headstreams rising in the Serra do Mar near Curitiba. It winds generally westward through the uplands for about 820 miles (1,320 km) before joining ... [4 Related Articles]
- Iguacu, Declaration of
- (from the article "Mercosur") ...the economies of Latin America through the Latin American Free Trade Association (1960) and its successor, the Latin American Integration Association (1980). In 1985 Argentina and Brazil signed the Declaration of Iguacu, which created a bilateral commission to promote the ...
- Iguala
- city, north-central Guerrero estado (state), south-central Mexico. It was settled in 1750 and was named in honour of Agustin de Iturbide's Iguala Plan, proclaiming Mexico an independent monarchy (Feb. 24, 1821). Iguala lies along the Cocula River ...
- Iguala Plan
- (Feb. 24, 1821), appeal issued by Agustin de Iturbide, a creole landowner and a former officer in the Spanish army who had assumed leadership of the Mexican independence movement in 1820. His plan called for an independent Mexico ruled by ... [4 Related Articles]
- iguana
- any of eight genera and roughly 30 species of the larger members of the lizard family Iguanidae. The name iguana usually refers only to the members of the subfamily Iguaninae. The best-known species is the common, or green, iguana (Iguana ... [2 Related Articles]
- Iguania
- (from the article "lizard") ...only influenced the disposition of taxonomic units but had cascading effects on the ecology of lizards and led to the diversification of snakes. This first split produced the iguanians (infraorder Iguania) and the scleroglossans (infraorder Scleroglossa), two large groups within ...
- iguanid
- any of about 700 species of lizards in more than 40 genera that constitute the family Iguanidae. Iguanids are found throughout the Americas from southern Canada to the tip of South America. The only exceptions are one genus (Brachylophus) in ... [4 Related Articles]
- Iguanodon
- large herbivorous dinosaurs found as fossils from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods (159 million to 99 million years ago) in a wide area of Europe, North Africa, North America, Australia, and Asia; a few have been found from ... [1 Related Articles]
- iguanodont
- (from the article "dinosaur") The skulls of iguanodonts accommodated still larger jaw muscles, but the cheek teeth were less regular and compacted than in the primitive ornithopods and consequently did not occlude as uniformly. Both the premaxillaries and the predentary were toothless but probably ...
- Iguazu National Park
- (from the article "Principal national parks of the world") ...Falls. Following boundary rectifications between Brazil and Argentina, two separate national parks were established, one by each country-Iguacu National Park (1939) in Brazil and Iguazu National Park (1934) in Argentina. Both parks were created to preserve the vegetation, wildlife, and ...
- Iguvine Tables
- a set of seven inscribed bronze tables found in 1444 at Iguvium (modern Gubbio, Italy), an Umbrian town. The tables are written in the Umbrian language, four and part of a fifth using the Umbrian script, the rest Latin characters. ... [5 Related Articles]
- Iha, James
- (from the article "Smashing Pumpkins") In addition to Corgan, the band's founding members were guitarist James Iha (original name James Yoshinobu Iha; b. March 26, 1968Chicago), bassist D'Arcy (original name D'Arcy Elizabeth Wretzky; b. May 1,...
- Ihara Saikaku
- poet and novelist, one of the most brilliant figures of the 17th-century revival of Japanese literature. He enchanted readers with racy accounts of the amorous and financial affairs of the merchant class and the demimonde. [3 Related Articles]
- Iharos, Sandor
- Hungarian middle-distance runner who during 14 months in 1955-56 set world records for seven distances (b. March 10, 1930--d. Jan. 24, 1996).
- Ihimaera, Witi
- Maori author whose novels and short stories explore the clash between Maori and Pakeha (white, European-derived) cultural values in his native New Zealand. [1 Related Articles]
- Ihnen, Wiard
- (from the article "1944: Other Winners") ...Joseph LaShelle for LauraCinematography, Color: Leon Shamroy for WilsonArt Direction, Black-and-White: William Ferrari and Cedric Gibbons for GaslightArt Direction, Color: Wiard Ihnen for WilsonMusic Score of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture: Max Steiner for Since You Went AwayScoring of a ...
- ihram
- sacred state into which a Muslim must enter in order to perform the hajj (major pilgrimage) or the 'umrah (minor pilgrimage). At the beginning of a pilgrimage, the Muslim stops at a designated station to perform certain ritual cleansing ceremonies; ... [4 Related Articles]
- Ihud
- (from the article "Magnes, Judah Leon") Magnes also founded Ihud (Unity), an association dedicated to the advancement of Arab-Jewish reconciliation, and advocated an Arab-Jewish state that would be part of an Arab Federation. He worked in Ihud with the renowned religious philosopher Martin Buber.
- Ii Naosuke
- Japanese feudal lord and statesman who was responsible for Japan's signing the first treaty of commerce with the United States (1858), opening the country to Western influence, and for the last attempt at reasserting the traditional political role of the ... [2 Related Articles]
- III-V compound
- (from the article "light-emitting diode") ...variations on this basic compound, such as aluminum gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium indium phosphide. These compounds are members of the so-called III-V group of semiconductors-that is, compounds made of elements listed in columns III and V of the periodic ...
- Iijima Sumio
- (from the article "fullerene") In 1991 Iijima Sumio of NEC Corporation's Fundamental Research Laboratory, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, investigated material extracted from solids that grew on the tips of carbon electrodes after being discharged under C60 formation conditions. Iijima found that the solids consisted ...
- Iio Sogi
- Buddhist monk and greatest master of renga (linked verse), the supreme Japanese poet of his age. [2 Related Articles]
- Iittala Group
- (from the article "Finland") Another deal-smaller in amount but important for national identity-was the purchase in June of designer tableware manufacturer Iittala Group by Fiskars (a Finnish company best known for its much-copied orange-handled scissors) from Dutch bank ABN AMRO for euro230 million (about ...
- iiwi
- (species Vestiaria coccinea), Hawaiian songbird, one of the commoner members of the Hawaiian honeycreeper family, Drepanididae, order Passeriformes. A nectar-feeder, named for its squeaky call ("ee-ee-vee"), it is 15 cm (6 inches) long, with a red body, black wings with ... [1 Related Articles]
- Iizuka
- city, Fukuoka ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan, on the upper Onga River. The city developed as a mining centre with the opening of the Chikuho Coalfield and a railway from Wakamatsu in the 1890s. The mines were gradually closed after World ...
- Ijebu-Ode
- town, Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria. It is situated along the highway between Shagamu and Benin City. Ijebu-Ode was by the 16th century established as the chief town of the Ijebu people (a subdivision of the Yoruba). As the seat of ...
- ijele
- (from the article "art, African") Most impressive are the ijele masks of the Northern Igbo, which are 12 feet (366 cm) high. Consisting of platforms 6 feet (183 cm) in diameter, supporting tiers of figures made of coloured cloth and representing everyday scenes, they honour ...
- Ijill, Mount
- (from the article "Mauritania") ...sloping plains that terminate at one end of the slope with a steep cliff or faulted scarp, which may reach heights of 900 feet; or by inselbergs (steep-sided residual hills), of which the highest is Mount Ijill at 3,002 feet ...
- ijma'
- (Arabic: "agreeing upon," or "consensus"), the universal and infallible agreement of the Muslim community, especially of Muslim scholars on any Islamic principle, at any time. The consensus-based on the Hadith (sayings of Muhammad), "My people will never agree in an ... [6 Related Articles]
- IJmuiden
- port of Amsterdam and part of the gemeente (municipality) of Velsen, western Netherlands. The port is situated at the western end of the North Sea (Noordzee) Canal, which was opened in 1876. IJmuiden is also an industrial centre with fertilizer ... [1 Related Articles]
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