Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -

Encyclopedias since 1768

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Heroica Nogales ... Hertwig, Oskar

Heroica Nogales: city and port of entry, north-central Sonora state, northern Mexico, contiguous with the city of Nogales, in Santa Cruz County, Ariz. The city is a Mexican-U.S. trading centre in cattle and minerals. Large-scale irrigation throughout the state has brought increased ...
heroin: highly addictive morphine derivative that makes up a large portion of the illicit traffic in narcotics. Heroin is made by treating morphine with acetic anhydride; the resulting substance is four to eight times as potent as morphine. (Morphine is an ...
Herold, Ferdinand: French composer of early romantic operas who stands midway between D.-F.-E. Auber and Jacques Offenbach in the development of the opera comique.
heron: any of about 60 species of long-legged wading birds of the subfamily Ardeinae of the family Ardeidae (order Ciconiiformes) and generally including several species usually called egrets (see egret). The Ardeidae also include the bitterns (subfamily Botaurinae). Herons are widely ...
Heron Island: coral formation of the Capricorn Group, in the southern Great Barrier Reef, in the Coral Sea, off the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The island, with an area of 42 ac (17 ha), is thickly wooded, though tourism has led ...
Heron of Alexandria: Greek geometer and inventor whose writings preserved for posterity a knowledge of the mathematics and engineering of Babylonia, ancient Egypt, and the Greco-Roman world.
Herophilus: Alexandrian physician who was an early performer of public dissections on human cadavers; and often called the father of anatomy.
Heroult, Paul-Louis-Toussaint: French chemist who invented the electric-arc furnace-widely used in making steel-and, independently of the simultaneous work of Charles M. Hall of the United States, devised the electrolytic process for preparing aluminum. This process made low-priced aluminum available for the first ...
herpangina: mild viral infection caused by several enteroviruses, most of which are in the subgroup Coxsackie A, seen most commonly in young children. The most distinctive symptom is a rash on the mucous membranes inside the mouth. The lesions in the ...
herpes simplex: infection, of either the skin or the genitalia, caused by either of two strains of the herpes simplex virus. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is responsible for cold sores and fever blisters, while herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) ...
herpes zoster: acute viral infection affecting the skin and nerves, characterized by groups of small blisters appearing along certain nerve segments. The lesions are most often seen on the back and may be preceded by a dull ache in the affected site. ...
herpetology: scientific study of amphibians and reptiles. Like most other fields of vertebrate biology (e.g., ichthyology, mammalogy), herpetology is composed of a number of cross-disciplines: behaviour, ecology, physiology, anatomy, paleontology, taxonomy, and others. Most students of recent forms are narrow in ...
Herr, Herbert Thacker: U.S. engineer who made important improvements in steam turbines.
Herrera Campins, Luis: politician who served as president of Venezuela from 1979 to 1984.
Herrera y Reissig, Julio: Uruguayan poet who was one of the most original poets writing in Spanish in the early 20th century. His poetry, extremely controversial in its own time for its innovations in form and language, was widely imitated, and it strongly influenced ...
Herrera, Fernando de: lyric poet and man of letters who was one of the leading figures in the first School of Sevilla (Seville), a group of 16th-century Spanish neoclassic poets and humanists who were concerned with rhetoric and the form of language.
Herrera, Francisco, the Elder: Spanish painter and engraver whose works mark the transition from Mannerism to Baroque.
Herrera, Francisco, the Younger: painter and architect who figured prominently in the development of the Spanish Baroque style in Sevilla (Seville) and Madrid.
Herrera, Juan de: architect, principal designer of the monumental Escorial, a structure that expressed the ideals of imperial Spain in the 16th century. Serving as the royal inspector of monuments, he witnessed the imitation of the Herreran style in churches and palaces throughout ...
Herrerasaurus: primitive carnivorous dinosaur or close relative of dinosaurs found as fossils in Argentine deposits from the Late Triassic Period (227 million to 206 million years ago). It had long, powerful hind legs for running and short forelimbs equipped with three ...
Herreshoff, Nathanael Greene: American naval architect who was recognized as the foremost yacht designer of his day and who was frequently called "the Wizard of Bristol." Herreshoff designed and built five America's Cup defenders: Vigilant, which won the cup in 1893; Defender, 1895; ...
Herrhausen, Alfred: West German captain of industry, chairman of the country's largest commercial bank (Deutsche Bank).
Herrick, James Bryan: American physician and clinical cardiologist who was the first to observe and describe sickle-cell anemia.
Herrick, Robert: English cleric and poet, the most original of the "sons of Ben [Jonson]," who revived the spirit of the ancient classic lyric. He is best remembered for the line "Gather ye rosebuds while ye may."
Herries, John Maxwell, 4th Baron: a leading supporter of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, respected for his loyalty to the Scottish crown.
Herriman, George: American cartoonist who created "Krazy Kat," a comic strip whose originality in terms of fantasy, drawing, and dialogue was of such high order that many consider it the finest strip ever produced.
Herrin: city, Williamson county, southern Illinois, U.S. It lies about 15 miles (25 km) northeast of Carbondale. Settled in 1816, Herrin was a coal-mining centre from the 1890s to the 1930s. On June 22, 1922, the city was the scene of ...
herring: species of slab-sided, northern fish belonging to the family Clupeidae (order Clupeiformes). The name herring refers to either the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) or the Pacific herring (C. harengus pallasii); although once considered separate species, they are now believed ...
Herrington, Arthur William Sidney: American engineer and manufacturer who developed a series of military vehicles, the best known of which was the World War II jeep.
Herriot, Edouard: French statesman and man of letters who was the longtime leader of the Radical Party; he served in nine different cabinets and was premier of France three times (1924-25, 1926, 1932).
Herrmann, Wilhelm: liberal German Protestant theologian who taught that faith should be grounded in the direct experience of the reality of the life of Christ rather than in doctrine. A disciple of Albrecht Ritschl, whose emphasis on ethics and rejection of metaphysics ...
Hers' disease: hereditary deficiency of the liver enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, which governs the metabolic breakdown of glycogen to the simple sugar glucose, which can then be used to meet the body's energy needs. The enzyme's absence causes glycogen to accumulate, greatly enlarging ...
Herschbach, Dudley R.: American chemist and educator who, with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1986 for his pioneering use of molecular beams to analyze chemical reactions.
Herschel, Caroline Lucretia: German-born British astronomer noted for her contributions to the astronomical researches of her brother, Sir William Herschel; she executed many of the calculations connected with his studies and, on her own, detected by telescope three nebulae in 1783 and eight ...
Herschel, Sir John, 1st Baronet: English astronomer and successor to his father, Sir William Herschel, in the field of stellar and nebular observation and discovery.
Herschel, Sir William: German-born British astronomer, the founder of sidereal astronomy for the systematic observation of the heavens. He discovered the planet Uranus, hypothesized that nebulae are composed of stars, and developed a theory of stellar evolution. He was knighted in 1816.
Hersey, John: American novelist and journalist noted for his documentary fiction about catastrophic events in World War II.
Hershey: unincorporated community within Derry township, Dauphin county, south-central Pennsylvania, U.S. It is situated 12 miles (19 km) east of Harrisburg. The community was founded in 1903 by the entrepreneur Milton Snavely Hershey around Derry Church as the site for his ...
Hershey, A.D.: American biologist who, along with Max Delbruck and Salvador Luria, won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1969. The prize was given for research done on bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria).
Hershey, Milton Snavely: American manufacturer and philanthropist who founded the Hershey Chocolate Corporation and was instrumental in popularizing chocolate candy throughout much of the world.
Hershko, Avram: Hungarian-born Israeli biochemist who shared the 2004 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Aaron J. Ciechanover and Irwin Rose for their joint discovery of the mechanism by which the cells of most living organisms remove unwanted proteins.
Herskovits, Melville J.: American anthropologist noted for having opened up the study of the New World Negro as a new field of research. Herskovits was also known for his humanistic and relativistic writings on culture.
Herstal: municipality, Liege province, eastern Belgium. It lies along the Meuse River and the Liege-Maastricht Canal. Herstal was originally a Carolingian settlement, and its name is probably derived from the German Heerstelle (permanent or fortified camp). Pippin II, 7th-century ruler of ...
Herstmonceux: village ("parish"), Wealden district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. The parish is the site of the well-known castle of Herstmonceux, completed about 1444 by Sir Roger de Fiennes as a fortified manor surrounded by a ...
Herten: city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It is situated in the heavily industrial Ruhr district, immediately southwest of Recklinghausen. First mentioned in the 9th century as a dependency of the abbots of Werden, the city belonged to numerous minor ...
Hertford: town ("parish"), East Hertfordshire district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England. It lies along the River Lea north of London. Hertford was first recorded as the scene of a general synod (meeting of bishops) in 672 CE, but the ...
Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, Baron Beauchamp: English lord whose secret marriage to an heir to the throne angered Queen Elizabeth I and probably influenced her choice of James VI of Scotland as her successor.
Hertfordshire: administrative and historic county of southern England, adjoining Greater London to the south. The administrative county and the historic county cover slightly different areas. The administrative county comprises 10 districts: East Hertfordshire, North Hertfordshire, Three Rivers, and Welwyn Hatfield; the ...
Hertling, Georg, Graf von: (count of) conservative German statesman and philosopher who became imperial chancellor during the last year of World War I but was little more than a caretaker for the military, which actually controlled the country.
Hertsmere: borough (district), administrative county of Hertfordshire, England. Most of the borough belongs to the historic county of Hertfordshire, but the eastern part of the borough, including Potters Bar, lies in the historic county of Middlesex. Hertsmere lies just north of ...
Hertwig, Oskar: German embryologist and cytologist who was the first to recognize that the fusion of the nuclei of the sperm and ovum was the essential event in fertilization.