in full 'abd Allah Ibn Lutf Allah Ibn 'abd Ar-rashid Al-bihdadini Hafiz-i Abru Persian historian, and one of the most important historians of the Timurid period (1370-1506).
town, southwestern Iceland, on the southwestern shore of Faxa Bay. In the 20th century it became a southern suburb of Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland. A fishing community built on an extensive lava field, it grew rapidly in the late ...
glazed earthenware made in Germany as early as 1350, originally as stove tiles molded in relief. The name Hafnergeschirr ("stove-maker vessel") came to be applied to other pottery objects, usually melon-shaped or ovoid mugs or jugs, manufactured by the stove ...
chemical element (atomic number 72), metal of Group IVb of the periodic table. It is a ductile metal with a brilliant silvery lustre. The Dutch physicist Dirk Coster and the Hungarian-Swedish chemist George Charles de Hevesy discovered (1923) hafnium in ...
Berber dynasty of the 13th-16th century in Ifriqiyah (Tunisia and eastern Algeria), founded by the Almohad governor Abu Zakariyya' Yahya about 1229. In the 20 years of his rule, Abu Zakariyya' kept the various tribal disputes and intrigues under control, ...
selective reading from Old Testament prophets recited in Jewish synagogues during the morning service on the sabbath and on festivals (but during the afternoon service on fast days). Though Haftarot vary with various rites and no longer follow recommendations of ...
in European folklore, an ugly and malicious old woman who practices witchcraft, with or without supernatural powers; hags are often said to be aligned with the devil or the dead. Sometimes appearing in the form of a beautiful woman, a ...
Icelandic novelist, short-story writer, and essayist. His works constitute a social history of Iceland from World War I to the post-World War II period.
(Hebrew: "Defense"), Zionist military organization representing the majority of the Jews in Palestine from 1920 to 1948. Organized to combat the revolts of Palestinian Arabs against the Jewish settlement of Palestine, it early came under the influence of the Histadrut ...
in the Old Testament (Gen. 16:1-16; 21:8-21), Abraham's concubine and the mother of his son Ishmael. Purchased in Egypt, she served as a maid to Abraham's childless wife, Sarah, who gave her to Abraham to conceive an heir. When Hagar ...
capital of the unincorporated U.S. outlying territory of Guam, situated at the centre of the west coast of the island on a sandy beach surrounding Hagatna Bay at the mouth of the small Hagatna River. The current Chamorro name officially ...
mythological Germanic hero who plays a variety of roles in a number of northern European legends. In the Nibelungenlied, he appears as a vassal of the Burgundian king Gunther and is a grizzled warrior, loyal and wary. He plays a ...
city, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies south of Dortmund, at the confluence of the Ennepe and Volme rivers just south of the Ruhr. Hagen is situated on the eastern edge of the industrial Ruhr ...
Jesuit priest and astronomer who is noted for his discovery and study of dark clouds of tenuous, interstellar matter sometimes known as Hagen's clouds.
American professional golfer, one of the most colourful sports personages of his time, who is credited with doing more than any other golfer to raise the social standing of his profession. He was exceptionally self-confident; he dressed stylishly, lived extravagantly, ...
zoological park in Hamburg, Ger., which pioneered the use of moated, barless, open-air enclosures that resemble the animals' natural habitats. The zoo was founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck, who originated the type of wild-animal acts characteristic of modern circus ...
internationally known German animal dealer and trainer who controlled animals by befriending them, emphasizing for spectators their intelligence and tractability over their ferocity. He also created the prototype for open-air zoos.
city, seat (1776) of Washington county, north-central Maryland, U.S. It lies in the Cumberland Valley between the Blue Ridge and Allegheny mountains, 71 miles (114 km) northwest of Baltimore. In 1762 the town was laid out by the German immigrant ...
Swedish philosopher who founded the Uppsala school of philosophy, which espoused phenomenological and conceptual analysis and rejected metaphysical suppositions and subjectivism.
any of about 30 species of marine vertebrates placed with the lampreys in the class Agnatha. Hagfishes are divided into two families: Myxinidae, represented in every ocean, and Eptatretidae, represented everywhere but the North Atlantic.
in Judaism, the special book containing the story of the biblical Exodus as it must be retold at the beginning of the seder dinner on Passover (Pesah). The book's commentaries on the story of the Exodus provide a religious philosophy ...
in Judaism, those parts of rabbinical, or Talmudic, literature that do not deal directly with the laws incumbent upon Jews in the conduct of their daily life. The contents of Haggada can be broken down into several classes: (1) interpretations ...
the 10th of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets. Haggai (fl. 6th century BC) helped mobilize the Jewish community for the rebuilding of the Temple of Jerusalem (516 BC) after the Babylonian Exile and ...
a national dish of Scotland. A haggis is actually a large spherical sausage made of the liver, heart, and lungs of a sheep, all chopped and mixed with beef or mutton suet and oatmeal and seasoned with onion, cayenne pepper, ...
city, Yamaguchi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the delta of the Abu River, facing the Sea of Japan. Hagi was founded as a castle town in 1600 and prospered as the capital of both Suo and Nagato provinces (now Yamaguchi ...
cathedral built at Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. It is a unique building and one of the world's great monuments, despite time's ravages. The structure, a domed basilica, was built in the ...
the body of literature describing the lives and veneration of the Christian saints. The literature of hagiography embraces acts of the martyrs (i.e., accounts of their trials and deaths); biographies of saintly monks, bishops, princes, or virgins; and accounts of ...
in architecture, any opening, usually oblique, cut through a wall or a pier in the chancel of a church to enable the congregation-in transepts or chapels, from which the altar would not otherwise be visible-to witness the elevation of the ...
Japanese poet whose attempt to express his perceptions directly in concrete, often unpretty images, rather than in amorphous descriptions, represented a revolutionary trend in Japanese literature.
(Nov. 2, 1949), treaty between The Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia that attempted to bring to an end the Dutch-Indonesian conflict that followed the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945. After prolonged disagreement over its provisions, the treaty was ...
in maritime law, international code defining the rights and liabilities of a carrier. Introduced at the International Law Association meeting in Brussels in 1921, they were adopted first as clauses in bills of lading and after 1923 as the Brussels ...
Dutch painters who worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1900, producing renderings of local landscapes and the daily activities of local fisherman and farmers in the style of Realism. In this they extended the traditional focus on genre of ...
seat of government of The Netherlands and capital of the provincie of Zuid-Holland (South Holland). It is situated on a coastal plain 4 miles (6 km) from the North Sea. The Hague is the administrative capital of ...
town, Bas-Rhin departement, Alsace region, northeastern France. It lies along the Moder River just south of the Forest of Haguenau, north of Strasbourg. The town developed in the 12th century around a castle on an island in the river and ...
German chemist who, with the radiochemist Fritz Strassmann, is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944 and shared the Enrico Fermi Award in 1966 with Strassmann and Lise Meitner.
last outstanding Babylonian gaon, or head, of a great Talmudic academy, remembered for the range and profundity of the exceptionally large number of responsa (authoritative answers to questions concerning interpretation of Jewish law) he wrote.
town, northern Vietnam. The town is located along the Thai Binh River in the Red River delta. It lies on the Haiphong railway about midway between Haiphong and Hanoi and is a market centre for a rich rice-growing region; litchi, ...
river in Hopeh province, China. The name Hai properly belongs only to the short stream from Tientsin that discharges into the Po Hai (Po Gulf) at T'ang-ku some 43 miles (70 km) away. It is, however, also used as the ...
