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Encyclopedias since 1768

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Hayakawa, S.I. ... Hazard, Paul

Hayakawa, S.I.: scholar, university president, and U.S. senator from California (1977-83). He is best known for his popular writings on semantics and for his career as president of San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University).
Hayam Wuruk: also called (after 1350) Rajasanagara ruler of the Javan Hindu state of Majapahit at the time of its greatest power.
hayashi: in Japanese music, any of various combinations of flute and percussion instruments. In no and kabuki drama, the hayashi normally consists of a flute plus the hourglass-shaped hand drum (ko-tsuzumi) held on the right shoulder, the larger o-tsuzumi held on ...
Hayashi Fumiko: Japanese novelist whose realistic stories dealt with urban working-class life.
Hayashi Razan: Japanese scholar who, with his son and grandson, established the thought of the great Chinese Neo-Confucian philosopher Chu Hsi as the official doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate (the hereditary military dictatorship through which the Tokugawa family ruled Japan from 1603 ...
Hayashi Senjuro: army officer and later prime minister of Japan.
Hayashi Shihei: Japanese scholar, a specialist in military affairs, who first drew attention to Japan's inadequate military and maritime defenses.
Hayashi Tadasu, Count: (Hakushaku) Japanese diplomat who negotiated the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902.
Haydar, Shaykh: one of the founders of the Safavid state (1501-1736) in Iran.
Hayden, Ferdinand Vandiveer: American geologist who was a pioneer investigator of the western United States. His explorations and geologic studies of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains helped lay the foundation of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Hayden, Melissa: Canadian-born ballet dancer, whose technical and dramatic skills shone in the many and various roles she created.
Hayden, Robert: African American poet whose subject matter is most often the black experience.
Hayden, Sophia: American architect who fought for the aesthetic integrity of her design for the Woman's Building of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The building was the only design of Hayden's that was ever built.
Haydn, Joseph: Austrian composer who was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He helped establish the forms for the string quartet and the symphony.
Haydn, Michael: one of the most accomplished composers of church music in the later 18th century. He was the younger brother of Joseph Haydn.
Haydon, Benjamin Robert: English historical painter and writer, whose superb Autobiography is perhaps as important as his painting.
Hayek, F.A.: Austrian-born British economist noted for his criticisms of the Keynesian welfare state and of totalitarian socialism. In 1974 he shared the Nobel Prize for Economics with Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal.
Hayes River: river in northeastern Manitoba, Canada, rising from several lakes in the central part of the province and flowing northeastward for 300 miles (500 km) across the Canadian Shield (a region of rocky, ice-smoothed hills dotted with lakes) to enter Hudson ...
Hayes, Bob: American sprinter who, although he was relatively slow out of the starting block and had an almost lumbering style of running, was a remarkably powerful sprinter with as much raw speed as any athlete in history. He also was a ...
Hayes, Elvin: American basketball player who was one of the most prolific scorers and rebounders in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Hayes, Helen: American actress who was widely considered to be the "First Lady of the American Theatre."
Hayes, Isaac Israel: American physician and Arctic explorer who sought to prove the existence of open seas around the North Pole.
Hayes, Lucy: American first lady (1877-81), the wife of Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th president of the United States, and the first presidential wife to graduate from college.
Hayes, Patrick Joseph: archbishop of New York and cardinal who unified Roman Catholic welfare activities under a central agency, Catholic Charities.
Hayes, Rutherford B.: 19th president of the United States (1877-81), who brought post-Civil War Reconstruction to an end in the South and who tried to establish new standards of official integrity after eight years of corruption in Washington, D.C. He was the only ...
Hayes, Woody: American collegiate gridiron football coach whose career coaching record was 238 games won, 72 lost, and 10 tied. He developed 58 All-American players, and his Ohio State University teams (1951-78) won 3 national championships (1954, 1957, and 1968) and 13 ...
Hayford, John Fillmore: American civil engineer and early geodesist who established the theory of isostasy.
Hayley, William: English poet, biographer, and patron of the arts.
Hayman Island: northernmost of the Cumberland Islands, at the northern entrance to Whitsunday Passage (Coral Sea), off northeastern Queensland, Australia. An inshore coral-fringed continental island, it measures 2 miles (3 km) by 1 12 miles (2.5 km) and has an area of ...
Haymarket Riot: violent confrontation between police and labour protesters in Chicago on May 4, 1886, that dramatized the labour movement's struggle for recognition in the United States.
Haymerle, Heinrich, Baron von: diplomat and foreign minister of the Habsburg Empire (1879-81) who secured a treaty with Serbia giving Austria-Hungary virtual control over Serbian foreign policy.
Haynau, Julius, Freiherr von: (baron of) Austrian general whose military successes were overshadowed by his notorious brutality.
Hayne, Paul Hamilton: American poet and literary leader, one of the best-known poets of the Confederate cause.
Hayne, Robert Young: American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification.
Haynes, Elwood: American automobile pioneer who built one of the first automobiles.
Haynes, Homer; and Burns, Jethro: American entertainers who appeared on radio and television as the Homer and Jethro country-music comedy team.
Hays: city, seat (1867) of Ellis county, central Kansas, U.S. It lies on Big Creek. The city was founded in 1867 after the establishment of Fort Hays (a frontier post built as Fort Fletcher in 1865). In 1876 Volga Germans settled ...
Hays, Arthur Garfield: American lawyer who defended, usually without charge, persons accused in many prominent civil-liberties cases in the 1920s.
Hays, Will H.: prominent American political figure who was president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA, later called the Motion Picture Association of America) from 1922 to 1945. Because of his pervasive influence on the censorship office of the ...
Hayter, Stanley William: English printmaker and painter who founded Atelier 17, the most influential print workshop of the 20th century.
Hayton: king of Little Armenia, now in Turkey, from 1224 to 1269; the account of his travels in western and central Asia, written by Kirakos Gandzaketsi, a member of his suite, gives one of the earliest and most comprehensive accounts of ...
Hayward: city, seat (1885) of Sawyer county, northwestern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the Namekagon River, in a lake region west of Chequamegon National Forest, about 75 miles (120 km) southeast of Superior. Ojibwa Indians occupied the area when French-Canadian fur ...
Hayward: city, Alameda county, California, U.S. Located 25 miles (40 km) southeast of San Francisco and 15 miles (25 km) south of Oakland, Hayward lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge across San Francisco Bay. The city is ...
Haywood, Eliza: nee Fowler prolific English writer of sensational romantic novels that mirrored contemporary 18th-century scandals.
Haywood, William D: American radical who led the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, or "Wobblies") in the early decades of the 20th century.
Hayworth, Rita: American motion-picture actress and dancer who rose to glamorous stardom in the 1940s and '50s.
Hazael: king of Damascus, whose history is given at length in the Bible, II Kings 8-13.
Hazara: people of Mongol descent dwelling in the mountains of central Afghanistan. They number about 1,650,000, of whom about 1,500,000 live in Afghanistan, and the remainder in Iran. One group, the Eastern Hazara, inhabit the area known as the Hazarajat. There ...
hazard: dice game dating at least to the 13th century and possibly of Arabic origin: the word hazard derives from the Arabic al-zahr ("die"). It was immensely popular in medieval Europe and was played for high stakes in ...
Hazard: city, seat of Perry county, southeastern Kentucky, U.S. It lies on the North Fork Kentucky River in the Cumberland foothills just east of Daniel Boone National Forest (Redbird Purchase Unit), 118 miles (190 km) southeast of Lexington. Founded in 1821, ...
Hazard, Paul: French educator, historian of ideas, and scholar of comparative literature.