American mathematician and crystallographer who, along with Jerome Karle, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985. They developed mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from the patterns formed when X rays are diffracted by their ...
German-born American carpenter and burglar who in 1935 was convicted of kidnapping and murdering the 21-month-old son of Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh.
(German: "head school"), in Germany, five-year upper elementary school preparing students for vocational school, apprenticeship in trade, or the lower levels of public service. First introduced in West Germany in 1950, and enrolling 65 to 70 percent of the student ...
large gulf of the South Pacific Ocean indenting eastern North Island, New Zealand. It is entered from the north by the Jellicoe and Cradock channels (west and east of Little Barrier Island) and from the northeast by Colville Channel (between ...
American anthropologist and archaeologist who investigated the ancient Indian civilizations of the southwestern United States and South America. His main concerns were the preceramic and ceramic archaeology of the southwestern United States and Mexico; the archaeology of the Hohokam, Mogollon, ...
people found chiefly in northwestern Nigeria and adjacent southern Niger. They constitute the largest ethnic group in the area, which also contains another large group, the Fulani, perhaps one-half of whom are settled among the Hausa as a ruling class, ...
Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) language of the Chadic group. It is the official language of northern Nigeria and is used throughout much of western Africa as a second language. The two most important Hausa dialects are those of the Nigerian cities ...
group of neighbouring African states, occasionally interconnected from the mid-14th century by loose alliances. Their territory lay above the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers (in present-day northern Nigeria), between the Songhai empire in the west and that of ...
in mathematics, type of topological space named for the German mathematician Felix Hausdorff. A topological space is a generalization of the notion of an object in three-dimensional space. It consists of an abstract set of points along with a specified ...
German army officer, political geographer, and leading proponent of geopolitics, an academic discipline prominent in the period between the two World Wars but later in disrepute because of its identification with Nazi doctrines of world domination.
(German: "home painting"), white pottery wares obtained from a factory and painted at home by a Hausmaler (free-lance home painter or decorator), most of whom were German or Bohemian. The practice began in the 17th century and was common in ...
a manganese oxide mineral (Mn2O4) that occurs as brownish black crystals or granular masses in high-temperature hydrothermal veins and in contact metamorphic zones. It is found associated with other oxide minerals of manganese and other metals at Ilmenau, Ger.; Langban, ...
French administrator responsible for the transformation of Paris from its ancient character to the one that it still largely preserves. Though the aesthetic merits of his creations are open to dispute, there is no doubt that as a town planner ...
highly modified stem or root of a parasitic plant, such as mistletoe or dodder, or a specialized branch or tube originating from a hairlike filament (hypha) of a fungus. The haustorium penetrates the tissues of a host and absorbs nutrients ...
mountain range in central Morocco. It extends northeastward for 460 miles (740 km) from the Atlantic Coast to the Algerian border. Many peaks exceed 12,000 feet (3,660 m), including Mount Ayachi (12,260 feet [3,737 m]), Mount M'Goun (13,356 feet [4,071 ...
region of France comprising the northern departements of Eure and Seine-Maritime and encompassing the northeastern portion of historical Normandy. Haute-Normandie is bounded by the regions of Picardy (Picardie) and Ile-de-France to ...
the third of six divisions (in ascending order) in the Lower Cretaceous Series, representing all those rocks on a global basis deposited during the Hauterivian Age (131 to 124 million years ago). No global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for ...
line of Norman lords and knights who were founders of fiefdoms and kingdoms in southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th and 12th centuries. The wars fought by members of the Hauteville family contributed to a steady reduction of Muslim ...
town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England, adjoining Portsmouth in the southeastern corner of the county. The small medieval town of Havant, apart from its 12th-century church, was destroyed by fire in 1760. A township called ...
a ceremony in Jewish homes and in synagogues concluding the Sabbath and religious festivals. The ceremony consists of benedictions that are recited over a cup of wine (and, on the night of the Sabbath, over spices and a braided candle) ...
tributary of the Elbe River in Germany. It rises on the Mecklenburg Plateau 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Neustrelitz and flows through the Mecklenburg lakes before heading south as far as Spandau (in Berlin), where it is joined by ...
Czech playwright, poet, and political dissident, who, after the fall of communism, was president of Czechoslovakia (1989-92) and of the Czech Republic (1993-2003).
American landscape painter and printmaker who engraved many of the plates for John James Audubon's four-volume Birds of America (435 hand-coloured plates, 1827-38).
town on the northwest border of Swaziland. Located in the Highveld, it is the site of one of the world's largest asbestos mines. Operations began in the 1930s, and asbestos was Swaziland's economic mainstay until the 1950s, when agricultural products ...
private coeducational institution of higher learning in Haverford, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia. Founded by the Society of Friends (Quakers) in 1833 as a men's school, the Haverford School Association, it was the first institution of high education to be established by ...
market town, historic and present county of Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro), southwestern Wales. The town grew up as a walled borough at the head of navigation on an inlet of the Irish Sea, with a castle (c. 1120) that protected a ...
city, Essex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S., on the Merrimack River. Founded by the Reverend John Ward in 1640, it was named for Haverhill, England. Early agricultural efforts gave way to shipbuilding and leather industries during the early 19th century. By ...
outer borough of London, forming part of its northeastern perimeter. Havering belongs to the historic county of Essex. It was created in 1965 from the former borough of Romford and the urban district of Hornchurch, and it includes such areas ...
small, shallow impact crater in farmland near Haviland, Kiowa county, Kansas, U.S. The depression, some 50 feet (15 metres) in diameter, is oval in shape. The first meteorite fragment, now known to be of the strong-iron, or pallasite, type, was ...
town, Severomoravsky kraj (region), Czech Republic. It lies along the Lucina River (a tributary of the Ostravice), just southeast of Ostrava. It is a planned new town in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian coalfield and is associated with ...
Czech author and political journalist, a master prose stylist who reacted against Romanticism and through his writings gave the Czech language a more modern character.
American collegiate and professional basketball player who came to be regarded as the best "sixth man" (bench player) in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA) while a member of the Boston Celtics. He was the first player to ...
city, seat (1911) of Hill county, north-central Montana, U.S. It lies along the Milk River, to the east of the Fresno Dam and Reservoir and to the north of the Chippewa (Ojibwa)-Cree Rocky Boy's Reservation. The city was named for ...
village, Cote-Nord ("North Shore") region, eastern Quebec province, Canada. It lies along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, north of Anticosti Island. Settled in 1857 as an Acadian fishing community, it was known as Saint-Pierre-de-la-Pointe-aux-Esquimaux until the ...
constituent state of the United States of America, consisting of a group of volcanic islands in the central Pacific Ocean. The islands have an area of 6,459 square miles (16,729 square kilometres). The capital city of Honolulu, on the island ...
volcanic island, Hawaii, U.S. It lies southeast of Maui island and constitutes Hawaii county. Known as the Big Island, it is the southeasternmost and largest of the Hawaiian Islands. Its area of some 4,030 square miles (10,438 square km) continues ...
national park encompassing a volcanic area along the southeastern shore of Hawaii Island, U.S., southwest of Hilo. Established in 1961 and formerly a part of Hawaii National Park, it occupies an area of 359 square miles (930 square km) and ...
state university system of Hawaii, U.S., consisting of three universities and seven community colleges. Its main campus is the University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu, on the island of Oahu. Originally known as the College of Hawaii, it opened ...
