German physicist, who shared one-half of the 2005 Nobel Prize for Physics with John L. Hall for their contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy, the use of lasers to determine the frequency (colour) of light emitted by atoms and ...
organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century. (Hanse was a medieval German word for "guild," ...
politician and statesman who, as foreign minister and prime minister, led Denmark to a prominent position in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and guided the stabilization of Denmark's post-World War II economy.
city, west-central Haryana state, northwestern India, on the road between Hissar city (northwest) and Delhi (southeast). Hansi is an ancient town and was probably a Kushan stronghold in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. It was captured in 1192 by ...
low, two-wheeled, closed carriage patented in 1834, whose distinctive feature was the elevated driver's seat in the rear. It was entered from the front through a folding door and had one seat above the axle with room for two passengers. ...
composer, conductor, and teacher who was influential in promoting contemporary American music and was, in his own compositions, a principal representative of the Romantic tradition.
Social Democratic statesman who, as four-time premier of Sweden between 1932 and 1946, led the nation out of the economic depression of the early 1930s, initiated key social-welfare legislation, and helped maintain Sweden's neutrality during World War II.
any member of a genus of viruses (Hantavirus) of the family Bunyaviridae that cause acute respiratory illnesses in humans. The hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses, each of which has been evolutionarily adapted to a specific rodent host. Human ...
Jewish festival that begins on Kislev 25 (in December, according to the Gregorian calendar) and is celebrated for eight days. Hanukkah reaffirms the ideals of Judaism and commemorates in particular the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the ...
in Hindu mythology, the divine monkey chief, a central figure in the great Hindu epic the Ramayana ("Romance of Rama"). Hanuman is the child of a nymph by the wind god; accompanied by a host of monkeys, he aided Rama ...
city, northern Rajasthan state, northwestern India, on the right bank of the Ghaggar River. Previously called Bhatner ("The Fortress of the Bhatti Rajputs"), it became Hanumangarh in 1805 when annexed by the princely state of Bikaner. The city with its ...
in Zoroastrianism, sacred plant and the drink made from it. The preparation of the drink from the plant by pounding and the drinking of it are central features of Zoroastrian ritual. Haoma is also personified as a divinity. It bestows ...
in ancient Egyptian religion, personification of the annual inundation of the Nile River. Hapi was the most important among numerous personifications of aspects of natural fertility, and his dominance increased during Egyptian history. Hymns were composed in his honour, but ...
(Korean: "art of coordinated power"), a Korean form of unarmed self-defense based on the circular foot sweeps and kicks of traditional Korean tae kyon but incorporating punches and circular throws and a yielding principle similar to that of aikido. The ...
any protozoan of the sporozoan subclass Haplosporea. They are internal parasites of invertebrates and lower vertebrates. Representative genera are Ichthyosporidium in fish, Coelosporidium in cockroaches, and the type genus Haplosporidium in annelids and other invertebrates. Haplosporidians are amoeboid and may ...
town, south-central Labrador, Newfoundland, Canada, on the western end of Lake Melville and near the mouth of the Churchill River. Goose Bay was established in 1941 as a military and air ferrying base operated by the United States and Canada. ...
a colourless protein of the alpha-globulin fraction of human serum (liquid portion of blood plasma after the clotting factor fibrinogen has been removed) that transports hemoglobin freed from destroyed red blood cells to the reticuloendothelial system, where it is broken ...
(Arabic: "reality," "truth"), in Sufi (Muslim mystic) terminology, the knowledge the Sufi acquires when the secrets of the divine essence are revealed to him at the end of his journey toward union with God. The Sufi must first reach the ...
seventh Sikh Guru, whose administration marked a period of decline in the fortunes of the Sikh community. Unlike his grandfather, the great military Guru Hargobind, Har Rai was a man of peace, ill-suited to resist Mughal oppression.
politician who was prime minister of Japan from 1918 to 1921 and who established the political party as a fundamental institution of politics in Japan.
in Japanese religion, any of numerous Shinto purification ceremonies. Harai rites, and similar misogi exercises using water, cleanse the individual so that he may approach a deity or sacred power (kami). Salt, water, and fire are the principal purificatory agents. ...
the first king to claim sovereignty over all Norway. One of the greatest of the 9th-century Scandinavian warrior chiefs, he gained effective control of Norway's western coastal districts but probably had only nominal authority in the other parts of Norway.
Norwegian king who, along with his brothers, overthrew Haakon I about 961 and ruled oppressively until about 970. He is credited with establishing the first Christian missions in Norway.
king of Norway (1045-66). His harsh suppression of lesser Norwegian chieftains cost him their military support in his unsuccessful struggle to conquer Denmark (1045-62).
king of Norway (1130-36), a ruthless sovereign whose feud with his fellow king Magnus IV the Blind over the Norwegian throne marked the beginning of a period of civil wars (1130-1240) during which the right to rule was constantly in ...
village on the left bank of a now dry course of the Ravi River, west-southwest of the town of Sahiwal, in the Punjab, in eastern Pakistan. The village stands on an extensive series of mounds in which excavations since 1921 ...
capital of Zimbabwe, lying in the northeastern part of the country. The city was founded in 1890 at the spot where the British South Africa Company's Pioneer Column halted its march into Mashonaland; it was named for Lord Salisbury, then ...
black-skinned inhabitants of oases in the Sahara, especially in southern Morocco and Mauritania, who constitute a socially and ethnically distinct class of workers.
town, west-central Liberia, West Africa. It lies along the Farmington River, 15 miles (24 km) upstream from the Atlantic Ocean. Since 1926 it has been the centre of the vast Firestone rubber plantation operation. Liquid latex and crepe rubber are ...
second largest city of Northeast China and capital of Heilungkiang Province (sheng), on the Sungari River. The city owes its origin to the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway by the Russians at the end of the 19th and beginning ...
district, administrative county of Leicestershire, England. The district lies mostly within the historic county of Leicestershire, but it includes an area in Market Harborough that lies to the south of the River Welland in the historic county of Northamptonshire. The ...
town, southeastern Newfoundland, Canada. It lies on the northeast coast of Avalon Peninsula, 32 miles (51 km) west-northwest of St. John's, across Conception Bay. Settled about 1550, it was probably named for Le Havre-de-Grace (Le Havre, France). Peter Easton, the ...
