any of several different insects that cause tissue swelling (galls) in plants. Included are gall midges and certain fruit flies (order Diptera), gall wasps (order Hymenoptera), and some aphids (order Homoptera).
(family Cecidomyiidae, or Itonididae), any minute, delicate insect (order Diptera) characterized by beaded, somewhat hairy antennae and few veins in the short-haired wings. The brightly coloured larvae live in leaves and flowers, usually causing the formation of tissue swellings (galls). ...
(subfamily Cynipinae), any of a group of insects (family Cynipidae, order Hymenoptera), notable for their ability to stimulate the growth of galls (tissue swellings) on plants. Some gall wasp species are gall inquilines; i.e., they do not cause the formation ...
German anatomist and physiologist, a pioneer in ascribing cerebral functions to various areas of the brain (localization). He originated phrenology, the attempt to divine individual intellect and personality from an examination of skull shape.
French Orientalist and scholar, best known for his adaptation of the Middle Eastern tales Les Mille et une nuits (1704-17; The Thousand and One Nights).
(foaled 1927), American racehorse (Thoroughbred) who in 1930 won the U.S. Triple Crown-the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the Belmont Stakes. A bay colt sired by Sir Gallahad III (bred in France) out of Marguerite, he raced for only ...
Canadian-born writer of essays, novels, plays, and especially short stories, almost all of which were published initially in The New Yorker magazine. In unsentimental prose and with trenchant wit she delineated the isolation, detachment, and fear that ...
city, seat of Sumner county, north-central Tennessee, U.S., near the Cumberland River, about 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Nashville. Founded in 1802, the city was named for Albert Gallatin, secretary of the treasury under two U.S. presidents, Thomas Jefferson ...
river rising in the Gallatin Range in the northwestern corner of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S., and flowing 120 miles (193 km) north to Three Forks, in southwestern Montana. There it joins with its tributary, the East Gallatin (which rises ...
fourth U.S. secretary of the Treasury (1801-14). He insisted upon a continuity of sound governmental fiscal policies when the Republican (Jeffersonian) Party assumed national political power, and he was instrumental in negotiating an end to the War of 1812.
a muscular membranous sac that stores and concentrates bile, a fluid that is received from the liver and is important in digestion. Situated beneath the liver, the gallbladder is pear-shaped and has a capacity of about 50 ml (1.7 fluid ...
port and city, Sri Lanka, situated on a large harbour on the island's southern coast. Galle dates from the 13th century, possibly much earlier, but it became the island's chief port during the period of Portuguese rule (1507-c. 1640). Under ...
celebrated French designer and pioneer in technical innovations in glass. He was a leading initiator of the Art Nouveau style and of the modern renaissance of French art glass.
president of Venezuela (in 1948) and novelist, best known for his forceful novels that dramatize the overpowering natural aspects of the Venezuelan Llanos (grasslands), the local folklore, and such social events as alligator hunts.
pair of gold, horn-shaped artifacts from 5th-century Scandinavia that constituted the most notable examples of goldwork of that period. They were unearthed at Gallehus, Jutland, Den., in 1639 and 1734 and were stolen and melted down in 1802. Replicas made ...
full-rigged sailing ship that was built primarily for war, and which developed in the 15th and 16th centuries. The name derived from "galley," which had come to be synonymous with "war vessel" and whose characteristic beaked prow the new ship ...
in architecture, any covered passage that is open at one side, such as a portico or a colonnade. More specifically, in late medieval and Renaissance Italian architecture, it is a narrow balcony or platform running the length of a wall. ...
long chamber grave, a variant of the collective tomb burials that spread into western and northwestern Europe from the Aegean area during the final stage of the northern Stone Age (c. 2000 BC). In the Severn-Cotswold area of Britain, the ...
large seagoing vessel propelled primarily by oars. The Egyptians, Cretans, and other ancient peoples used sail-equipped galleys for both war and commerce. The Phoenicians were apparently the first to introduce the bireme (about 700 BC), which had two banks of ...
priests, often temple attendants or wandering mendicants, of the ancient Asiatic deity, the Great Mother of the Gods, known as Cybele, or Agdistis, in Greek and Latin literature. The galli were eunuchs attired in female garb, with long hair fragrant ...
(Three Gauls), in Roman antiquity, the land of Gaul that included the three provinces of (1) Aquitania, bordered by the Bay of Biscay on the west and the Pyrenees on the south; (2) Celtica (or Gallia Lugdunensis), with Lugdunum (Lyon) ...
(French gaillard: "lively"), vigorous 16th-century European court dance. Its four hopping steps and one high leap permitted athletic gentlemen to show off for their partners. Performed as the afterdance of the stately pavane, the galliard originated in 15th-century Italy. It ...
substance occurring in many plants, either in the free state or combined as gallotannin. It is present to the extent of 40-60 percent combined as gallotannic acid in tara (any of various plants of the genus Caesalpinia) and in Aleppo ...
(58-50 BC), campaigns in which the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar conquered Gaul. Clad in the bloodred cloak he usually wore "as his distinguishing mark of battle," Caesar led his troops to victories throughout the province, his major triumph being the ...
music of the ancient Latin Roman Catholic liturgy in the Gaul of the Franks from about the 5th to the 9th century. Scholars assume that a simple and uniform liturgy existed in western Europe until the end of the 5th ...
statement of faith adopted in 1559 in Paris by the first National Synod of the Reformed Church of France. Based on a 35-article draft of a confession prepared by John Calvin, which he sent with representatives from Geneva to the ...
a complex of French ecclesiastical and political doctrines and practices advocating restriction of papal power; it characterized the life of the Roman Catholic Church in France at certain periods.
French army officer figure who successfully directed the pacification of the French Sudan and Madagascar and the integration of those African territories into the French colonial empire.
(order Galliformes), any of the gallinaceous (i.e., fowl-like or chickenlike) birds. The order includes about 240 species, of which the best known are the turkeys (family Meleagrididae); chickens, quail, partridge, pheasant and peacock (Phasianidae); guinea fowl (Numididae); and grouse (Tetraonidae). ...
any of several species of marsh birds belonging to the rail family, Rallidae, in the order Gruiformes. Gallinules occur in temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions worldwide and are about the size of bantam hens but with a compressed body like ...
seaport and town, European Turkey. It lies on a narrow peninsula where the Dardanelles opens into the Sea of Marmara, 126 miles (203 km) west-southwest of Istanbul. An important Byzantine fortress, it was the first Ottoman conquest (c. 1356) in ...
city, seat (1803) of Gallia county, southern Ohio, U.S., on the Ohio River, near its junction with the Kanawha River, 30 mi (48 km) north-northeast of Huntington, W.Va. The third oldest European settlement in Ohio, it was founded in 1790 ...
one of the first Roman Catholic priests to serve as a missionary to European immigrants in the United States during the early 19th century. He was known as the "Apostle of the Alleghenies."
traditional region, southwestern Scotland, comprising the historic counties of Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire, which form the central and western portions of Dumfries and Galloway council area. Galloway is bounded by the historic county of Ayrshire (council areas of South Ayrshire and ...
distinguished American colonial attorney and legislator who remained loyal to Great Britain at the time of the American Revolution (1775-83). His effort in 1774 to settle differences peacefully narrowly missed adoption by the Continental Congress. He was, perhaps, the greatest ...
concretion composed of crystalline substances (usually cholesterol, bile pigments, and calcium salts) embedded in a small amount of protein material formed most often in the gallbladder. The most common type of gallstone consists principally of cholesterol; its occurrence has been ...
