American engineer (naturalized 1937) who developed the first commercial colour-television system and the 33 13 revolutions-per-minute (rpm) long-playing (LP) phonograph record, which revolutionized the recording industry. Goldmark joined the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) Laboratories in 1936. There he began work ...
prolific dramatist who renovated the well-established Italian commedia dell'arte dramatic form by replacing its masked stock figures with more realistic characters, its loosely structured and often repetitive action with tightly constructed plots, and its predictable farce with a new spirit ...
city, seat (1850) of Wayne county, east-central North Carolina, U.S. It is situated near the Neuse River about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Raleigh. Settled in 1838, it was named for Matthew T. Goldsborough of the Wilmington and Weldon ...
German chemist who invented the alumino-thermic process (1905). Sometimes called the Goldschmidt reduction process, this operation involves reactions of oxides of certain metals with aluminum to yield aluminum oxide and the free metal. The process has been employed to produce ...
German-born U.S. zoologist and geneticist, formulator of the theory that chromosome molecules are the more decisive factors in inheritance (rather than the qualities of the individual genes). His experimental work in genetics led to the discovery of genetics as the ...
German mineralogist who made important studies of crystallography. His first major publication, Index der Kristallformen (3 vol., 1886-91; "Index of Crystal Forms"), was a catalog of the known forms of crystals of all minerals. New tables of crystal angles to ...
major general in the British Army who, through negotiations with several Asian countries and supervision of a cross-continental construction project, made possible the Indo-European telegraph, the first rapid communication system linking Europe and Asia.
financier, Britain's first Jewish baronet, whose work for Jewish emancipation in that nation made possible the passage of the Jewish Disabilities Bill of 1859, granting basic civil and political rights to Jews.
English essayist, poet, novelist, dramatist, and eccentric, made famous by such works as the series of essays The Citizen of the World, or, Letters from a Chinese Philosopher (1762), the poem The Deserted Village (1770), the novel The Vicar of ...
Belgian-born economist who devised ways to measure wealth with such creations as balance sheets that tracked the flow of capital among various segments of the economy.
American molecular geneticist who, along with Michael S. Brown, was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their elucidation of the process of cholesterol metabolism in the human body.
in Jewish folklore, an image endowed with life. The term is used in the Bible (Psalms 139:16) and in Talmudic literature to refer to an embryonic or incomplete substance. It assumed its present connotation in the Middle Ages, when many ...
pocket-billiards game named for its similarity to the original outdoor stick-and-ball game of golf. In the billiards version, each player tries to play an assigned object ball into the six holes, or pockets, of the table, beginning with the left ...
a cross-country game in which a player strikes a small ball with various clubs from a series of starting points (teeing grounds) into a series of holes on a course. The player who holes his ball in the fewest strokes ...
city, southern Costa Rica. It is located on sheltered El Golfito Inlet, off the Gulf of Dulce and surrounded by steep hills. The heavy rainfall supports a tropical rain forest vegetation similar to that of the Caribbean coast. Built in ...
Italian physician and cytologist whose investigations into the fine structure of the nervous system earned him (with the Spanish histologist Santiago Ramon y Cajal) the 1906 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
(from Latin calva: "bald head," or "skull"), skull-shaped hill in Jerusalem, the site of Jesus' Crucifixion. It is referred to in all four Gospels. The hill of execution was outside the city walls of Jerusalem, apparently near a road and ...
historic city, seat (1837) of Goliad county, southern Texas, U.S., near the San Antonio River, 85 miles (137 km) southeast of San Antonio and 80 miles (129 km) north of Corpus Christi. A Spanish mission, Nuestra Senora del Espiritu Santo ...
any of the wandering students and clerics in medieval England, France, and Germany, remembered for their satirical verses and poems in praise of drinking and debauchery. The goliards described themselves as followers of the legendary Bishop Golias: renegade clerics of ...
(c. 11th century BC), in the Bible (I Sam. xvii), the Philistine giant slain by David, who thereby achieved renown. The Philistines had come up to make war against Saul, and this warrior came forth day by day to challenge ...
British publisher, writer, and humanitarian who championed such causes as socialism and pacifism while managing a highly successful publishing business.
town in central Tsinghai sheng (province), western China. Golmud is an important highway centre, standing at the intersection of two ancient routes, which have in recent times become modern highways. One links Hsi-ning in Tsinghai and Lan-chou in Kansu province ...
Prussian soldier, military teacher, and writer, an imperial German field marshal who reorganized the Turkish army (1883-96) and who served as commander in chief of Turkish forces against the British in Mesopotamia (Iraq) during World War I. Despite his advanced ...
German army officer who, at the end of World War I, tried unsuccessfully to build a German-controlled Baltikum in Latvia, in order to prevent domination of that country by Soviet Russia.
(Graf) foreign minister of Austria (1895-1906) who negotiated the Austro-Russian agreement of 1897, which became the basis for a decade-long detente between the two powers.
(Graf) conservative Polish aristocrat and statesman who as Austria's minister of the interior (or minister of state; August 1859-December 1860) was one of the principal authors of the "October diploma" of 1860, which granted diets to the Habsburg lands and ...
follower of the Dutch Calvinist theologian Franciscus Gomarus (1563-1641), who upheld the theological position known as supralapsarianism, which claimed that God is not the author of sin yet accepted the Fall of Man as an active decree of God. They ...
Calvinist theologian and university professor whose disputes with his more liberal colleague Jacobus Arminius over the doctrine of predestination led the entire Dutch Reformed Church into controversy.
tributary of the Ganges River, central Uttar Pradesh, northern India. It rises in northern Uttar Pradesh about 32 miles (51 km) east of Pilibhit and is intermittent for the first 35 miles (56 km) of its course, becoming perennial after ...
town and traditional emirate, southeastern Bauchi state, northeastern Nigeria. Gombe emirate was founded in 1804 by Buba Yero (Abubakar), a follower of the Muslim Fulani leader Usman dan Fodio. The emirate headquarters of Gambe was established in 1824 and renamed ...
